高中英语阅读理解解题技巧

阅读理解题的解题思路

一、解的十个特征：

1、体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解

2、照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解

3、含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might

most more or less relatively be likely to

含义绝对的不是解：must always never the most all any none entirely

含义相反的是解

4、具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解

5、带有some的是解：someone somebody sometime something

certain

6、简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是

解

7、带虚词的解：

another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough

8、“变化”是解：

change delay improve postpone increase

9、“重要的、基础的”是解：important necessity essential basis be based on

10、二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解

二、阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路

1.主旨题－中心思想

①Main idea －what is the main idea / point of this passage?

②Main topic －what is the main topic / subject / title?

③Purpose －what is the author’s main purpose in the passage?

对策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；解：多为概括性的选项

2.细节性问题

①Accroding－考查对文章内容的掌握，如：时间、地点、事件

等细节问题。

对策：利用题目中的关键词找文章中的对应词，在对应词的周围寻找答案。

②Number－考查对文章中数字的掌握，

1）运算型：通过简单的四则运算求解。

对策：原始数据不是解。

2）多选一型：文中出现多个时间或数字，对应不同的事物，考其中的一个。

对策：对号入座。

3）范围型，

4）世纪型

③Except题型－即三缺一型，要求选出一个不符合文章内容的选

项。

④Which题型

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2

对策：这两种主要考并列句、列举句 3. 推断型问题

命题包括以下动词：infer, imply , suggest, conclude, assume. 对策：

1）根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断； 2）通过阅读某段或几段内容

3）注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。 4. 词汇型问题 ① 考查熟词偏义或在特定场合具体的词义 对策：常见含义不是解 ② 生词的含义推断

对策：根据上下文判断其合理的词义才是唯一的出路。

● 文章的中心、段落的中心 ● 指代关系

make gains make a profit ● 因果关系 ① 正因果关系

文中A 导致B ，问题：有了B 这一结果，为什么，答案是A ② 反因果关系

文中A 具有X 特性，B 与A 不同，问，B 有何特点，答案是非X 特性。

或A B ， 考非A 非B

三、 文章的十大考点

1、列举处常考 细节题，特别是Which 型和Except 型；

2、转折处和对比处常考

However, but, yet, in fact, although, 转折：unlike, until, however, but 等。

3、例子常考 推断题和细节题

as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 4、数字和年代常考

文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。

5、最高级和绝对性词汇常考 答案具有唯一性 must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most, first.

6、专有名词常考

人名、地名等专有名词

7、细节处常考 细节题

同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式。

8、因果句常考 推断题

因果连词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc 因果动词：cause, result in ，originate from, etc 因果名词：base, basis, result, consequence. etc 9、段落中心句常考 主题题和细节题

段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处， 10、 特殊标点常考 细节题

破折号、括号、冒号表示解释，引号表示引用

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、According to the passage, without atmosphere ’t reach the earth （具体不是解）

our environment would be intolerable （概括是解，含义相反的是解）

、When men spend long period in space they will protect themselves by A) taking special drugs B) wearing special suits （替换spacesuits 是解） C) using a protective blanket 、to men in space is

B) weightlessness

D) magnetic force

、Which of the following statement is true according to the passage? may show only in later generations （may 是解） 、but we don ’t know exactly

（替换是解）

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brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed either to inform or to Are both sides of an issue being presented? Is the amount of violence and killing shown necessary to the point of a story? Have enough facts about a listeners to complete or further their education.

The media also give people the information they need in their daily lives The main point the writer tries to make in this text is that Advertising is harmful when it presents incorrect information.

The positive effects of the mass media outweigh the negative ones.（概

括是解）

People should learn to take advantage of the media ’s benefits.

TV is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing

information.

What should consumers of the mass media be taught at an early age ?

To bring their imagination into full play when watching programs of low

quality.

To buy products advertised so that the demand increases. To turn off the TV set when hurt by bad programs.

T o think carefully about the messages brought to them.（替换是解） 3. We can learn from paragraph 3 that citizens will be in a better position to

express their views and make their choices if they are Highly educated through TV and radio. Well protected by the government Highly paid by the employers

Well informed by the media （概括是解）

The underlined phrase “in －depth ” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by

Thoroughly （句义，词形） B. Partly

举例，长句

因果，列举，长句后半句

C.Relatively

Simply

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