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态度与安全行为

态度与安全行为

态度与安全行为

安全即无危则安,无损则全。态度是人们在自身道德观和价值观基础上对事物的评价和行为倾向。安全心理学就是以生产劳动中的人为对象,以保证生产安全、防止事故、减少人生伤害的角度研究人的心理活动规律的一门学科。安全态度是劳动者对安全生产所持的稳定的概括的反应倾向。

认知、情感、行为倾向是构成态度的基本要素。认知产生情感,认知和感情共同决定行为倾向。而认知和情感又与个体对人对事的观点、方法和个性差异有关。所以态度具有浓厚的个性差异有关。因此说,安全态度是劳动者对安全生产重要性的认识,对贯彻安全生产方针的情感及对执行安全规章制度的行为倾向的综合反应。由于劳动者对客观事物的观点、行为和个性的不同,各人对安全生产的态度会有差别,这种差别直接影响劳动者作业的安全性。端正劳动者的安全态度是安全管理工作的一项基本任务。要做好这项工作,就必须了解和掌握安全态度的一些基本特性。

1 态度如何影响行为

态度的对象多方面的,有人物、事件、规章制度和各种观念等等。赞成或反对、喜欢或厌恶、接近或疏远、肯定或否定、认认真真或马

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态度是在长期的生活环境、教育和社会实践中逐步形成的,是一个从无到有、从简单到复杂、从不稳定到稳定的过程。 (1)服从阶段:是指个体为了获得奖酬或免受惩罚,按照社会的要求、集体的规范或别人的意志而采取的表面 服从的行为。 ①外力性②表里不一性③暂时性 ④转化性⑤模仿性 (2)同化阶段:是指个体自觉自愿的接受别人的观点、信念、态度与行为的影响,使自己的态度与行为逐渐和 他人或团体的态度相接近的过程。不再是被迫屈从, 也不再是消极模仿,而是自觉的接受。 (3)内化阶段:把情感认同的态度与自己内心的价值观融为一体,内心真正接受了新观点、新情感,彻底形成 了新态度。 3、态度的改变 (1)方向的改变:以一种新的态度代替旧的态度,或将本来反对的变成赞成的,将本来喜欢的变成不喜欢的。 ——“非一致性的改变” (2)强度的改变:态度的方向没有改变,而只是改变了态度的强度。——“一致性的改变”

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