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考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2006 Text 1

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1、In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. 不管我们如何喋喋不休地谈论差别，美国社会实际上是一台同化人们的神奇的机器。这就是民主化的着装和言谈，并且还有种随意和缺乏尊重感，这些构成了通俗文化的特性。

1.1 homogenizing英/h?'m?d??naizi?/ 美/h?'m?d??naizi?/n. 均质化homogenize 英/h?'m?d??na?z/ 美/ho'mɑd??,na?z/vt. 使均匀；使类同vi. 变均匀democratizing民主化

1.2 uniformity英/ju?n?'f??m?t?/ 美/,j?n?'f?rm?ti/n. 均匀性；一致；同样

2、People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. 人们被一种消费文化所吸引了，这种文化是由十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所开始的.

2.1elegant英/'el?g(?)nt/ 美/'?l?g?nt/adj. 高雅的，优雅的；讲究的；简炼的；简洁的

3、Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and demo cratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. 不是为了迎合有知识的精英们而开设的专门商店，而是创建了“不分阶层和背景人人都可以进入”的大众商店。这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为。大众传媒、广告和体育也是协助人们均质化的推动力。

3.1 intimate英/'?nt?m?t/ 美/??nt?m?t/n. 知己；至交adj. 亲密的；私人的；精通的；有性关系的vt. 暗示；通知；宣布

3.2 cater 英/'ke?t?/ 美/'ket?/vt. 投合，迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务

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1、Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 尽管这种文化一点也不高雅，但也不是完全有害的，移民们很快就融入了这种共同文化。

1.1 elevating英/'elivei ti?/ 美/'?l?vet??/n. 升降机构adj. 引人向上的

1.2 poisonous英/'p??z?n?s/ 美/'p??z?n?s/adj. 有毒的；恶毒的；讨厌的

2、Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today`s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. Gregory Rodriguez为美国移民研讨会撰文指出，今天的移民既不是处于空前的水平，也不抵制同化。在1998年，移民占全国人口的9.8%；在1900年为13.6%。

2.1 forum英/'f??r?m/ 美/'f?r?m/n. 论坛，讨论会；法庭；公开讨论的广场

2.2 unprecedented英/?n'pres?dent?d/ 美/?n'pr?s?d?nt?d/adj. 空前的；无前例的

2.3 resistant英/r?'z?st?nt/ 美/r?'z?st?nt/n. 抵抗者adj. 抵抗的，反抗的；顽固的

2.4 assimilation英/?,s?m?'le???n/ 美/??s?m??le??n/n. 同化；吸收；[生化] 同化作用

3、In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 resident s; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.在1990年以前的十年之中，在每千位居民当中，有3.1位新来的移民；而在1890年以前的十年之中，每千位居民当中就有9.2位移民。现在，让我们来看一下三个同化指标——语言、拥有产权住房和异族结婚情况。

3.1 prior英/'pra??/ adj. 优先的；在先的，在前的n.修道院院长; （隐修院）会长; 犯罪前科

3.2 resident英/?r?z?d?nt/ 美/'r?z?d?nt/n. 居民；住院医生adj. 居住的；定居的

3.3 indices英/'?nd?si?z/ 美/'?nd?siz/n. 指数；目录（index的复数）index英/'?ndeks/ 美/'?nd ?ks/n. 指标；指数；索引；指针vt. 指出；编入索引中vi. 做索引

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1、The 1990 Census revealed tha t “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well` or ‘very well` after ten years of residence.” 1990年的人口普查透露：“来自十五个移民数量最多的国家的移民在到美国十年后英语说得‘好`或‘很好`。”

1.1 reveal 英/r?'vi?l/ 美/r?'vil/n. 揭露；暴露；门侧，窗侧vt. 显示；透露；揭露；泄露

2、The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages.移民的子女几乎都说两种语言，且精通英语。“到了第三代，在大多数移民家庭，他们的母语就消失了。”因此，有人就把美国描述成了“语言的坟场”。

2.1 bilingual英/ba?'l??gw(?)l/ 美/'ba?'l??gw?l/n. 通两种语言的人adj. 双语的

2.2 proficient英/pr?'f??(?)nt/ 美/pr?'f??nt/n. 精通；专家，能手adj. 熟练的，精通的

2.3 graveyard英/'gre?vjɑ?d/ 美/'ɡrevjɑrd/n. 墓地

3、By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. 到了1965年，出生于国外的、在1970年以前到达美国的移民有75.6%购臵了自己的住房，这个数字高出土生土长的美国人的拥有自己所有权住房的百分比——69.8%。

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1、Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. 在国外出生的亚裔和西班牙裔移民“与美国本土白人和黑人相比，与异族通婚的比率要高。”到了第三代，有三分之一的西班牙裔女性与非西班牙裔男性结婚，而有41%亚裔美国妇女与非亚裔男性结婚。

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1、Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans f ear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation`s assimilative power.”Rodriguez注意到，世界边远地区的儿童是诸如阿诺德?施瓦辛格和加斯?布鲁克斯等超级明星的星迷，而“一些美国人担心生活在美国的移民在某种程度上并不受美国的同化力量的影响。”

1.1 immune英/?'mju?n/ 美/?'mj?n/n. 免疫者；免除者adj. 免疫的；免于……的，免除的Paragraph 6

1、Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. 在美国是否存在不和以及潜在的不安？答案是肯定的，因为这个国家足够大以至于什么现象都存在。 1.1 divisive英/d?'va?s?v/ 美/di'vaisiv/adj. 分裂的；区分的；造成不和的

1.2 pockets of seething anger极度愤怒的群体（非正式）

1.3 pocket英/'p?k?t/ 美/'pɑk?t/n. 口袋；钱；容器adj. 小型的，袖珍的；金钱上的vt. 隐藏；忍受；将…放入衣袋vi. 形成袋或囊 1.4 seething英/'si?e??/seethe英/si?e/ n. 沸腾；感情等的迸发vt. 使浸透；使煮沸vi. 沸腾；冒泡；激动

2、But particularly when viewed against America`s turbulent past, today`s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 但是与美国动荡的过去相比，这些社会指标说明美国的社会环境变得黑暗，且正在恶化。

2.1 turbulent英/'t??bj?l(?)nt/ 美/'t?bj?l?nt/adj. 骚乱的，混乱的；狂暴的；吵闹的；激流的，湍流的

2.2 deteriorating英/d?'t??r??,re?t??/ 美/d?'t?r??,ret??/v. 退化，恶化（deteriorate的ing形式）

2006 Text 2

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1、Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. 众所周知Stratford-on-Avon 只有一个特色，那就是威廉〃莎士比亚，但这儿却有两个相互独立的部门，他们随着时间的变化而日益变得敌对。

1.1 distinctly英/d?'st??(k)tl?/ 美/d?'st??ktli/adv. 明显地；无疑地，确实地

1.2 hostile英/'h?sta?l/ 美/?hɑstl/n. 敌对adj. 敌对的，敌方的；怀敌意的

1.3 branch 英/brɑ?n(t)?/ 美/br?nt?/n. 树枝，分枝；分部；支流v. 分支；出现分歧

2、There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. 这儿有皇家莎士比亚公司（RSC），它在Avon 的莎士比亚纪念剧院里将很多优秀的戏剧作品呈现给大家。

2.1 memorial英/m?'m??r??l/ 美/m??m?r??l/n. 纪念碑，纪念馆；纪念仪式；纪念物adj. 记忆的；纪念的，追悼的theatre英/'θ??t?/ 美/?θi?t?r/n. 电影院，戏院；戏剧；阶梯式讲堂

3、And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway`s Cottage, Shakespeare`s birthplace and the other sights. 这儿的居民大部分是靠挣来游玩的游客的钱来维持生计，这些游客并不是来看戏剧的，而是来看Anne Hathaway的庄园。这是莎士比亚的出生地和其他的景色。

3.1 townsfolk英/'ta?nzf??k/ 美/'ta?nz,fok/n. 市民；镇民

3.2 cottage英/'k?t?d?/ 美/'kɑt?d?/n. 小屋；村舍；（农舍式的）小别墅

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1、The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC`s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandal s and noisiness. 斯特拉特福德尊敬的居民认为剧院没有对他们的收入增加一文钱，他们坦率地不喜欢皇家莎士比亚剧团的演员，这些人留着长发、蓄着胡须、趿拉着拖鞋，而且很吵闹。

1.1 worthy英/?w??ei/ 美/w?ei/n. 杰出人物；知名人士adj. 值得的；有价值的；配得上的，相称的；可尊敬的；应…的 1.2 penny英/'pen?/ 美/'p?ni/n. （美）分；便士

1.3 revenue英/'rev?nju?/ 美/'r?v?nu/n. 税收收入；财政收入；收益

1.4 frankly英/'fr??kl?/ 美/'fr??kli/adv. 真诚地，坦白地

1.5 beard英/b??d/ 美/b?rd/n. 胡须；颌毛vt. 公然反对；抓…的胡须vi. 充当掩护；充当男随员

1.6 sandal英/'s?nd(?)l/ 美/'s?ndl/n. 凉鞋；檀香；檀香木；便鞋

2、It`s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. 想到为他们挣来营生的莎士比亚本人也是演员（也留着胡子）、也参与制造噪音，这的确既有趣，也很有讽刺意味。

2.1 deliciously英/di'li??sli/ 美/di'li??sli/adv. 美味地，芬香地

2.2 ironic英/a?'r?n?k/ 美/a?'rɑn?k/adj. 讽刺的；反话的

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1、The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don`t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. 旅客流并非是完全分开的，那些乘坐大巴而来的游客——常常还额外参观Warwick 城堡和Blenheim宫——通常不看戏，有些人在斯特拉特福德看到剧院还感到吃惊。

1.1 castle英/'kɑ?s(?)l/ 美/'k?sl/n. 城堡；象棋中的车vt. 臵…于城堡中；筑城堡防御

2、However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. 然而，看戏者只花少量的时间在观光上，也就是在戏剧演出时顺便看看。

2.1 manage英/'m?n?d?/ 美/'m?n?d?/vt. 管理；经营；控制；设法vi. 处理；应付过去

3、It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town`s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. 皇家莎士比亚剧团声称，正是这些爱看戏者在此过夜（有些人呆四五个晚上），把钱花在了镇上的旅馆饭店，为镇子带来了大部分的收入；而观光客什么都看，夜幕降临

就离开。

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1、The townsfolk don`t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. 镇上的人们不这样认为，地方镇议会并没有直接给皇家莎士比亚剧团提供津贴。

1.1 townsfolk英/'ta?nzf??k/ 美/'ta?nz,fok/n. 市民；镇民

1.2 council英/'ka?ns(?)l; -s?l/ 美/'ka?nsl/n. 委员会；会议；理事会；地方议会；顾问班子

1.3 subsidy英/'s?bs?d?/ 美/'s?bs?di/n. 补贴；津贴；补助金

2、Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. 斯特拉特福德一直善于哭穷，然而，镇上的旅馆几乎每家都添加了新的侧楼或鸡尾酒会厅。

2.1 wing英/w??/ 美/w??/n. 翼；翅膀；飞翔；派别；侧厅，耳房，厢房vt. 使飞；飞过；空运；增加…速度；装以翼vi. 飞行 2.2 cocktail英/'k?kte?l/ n. 鸡尾酒；开胃食品n. 混合物adj. 鸡尾酒的

2.3 lounge英/la?n(d)?/ 美/la?nd?/n. 休息室；闲逛；躺椅；（英）酒吧间vt. 虚度光阴vi. 闲逛；懒洋洋地躺卧；闲混

3、Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banquet ing Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. 希尔顿正在这里修建自己的旅馆，你可以肯定，它会有装饰考究的哈姆雷特汉堡吧、李尔王雅座、班柯宴会厅等等，而且价格会非常昂贵。 3.1 decorate 英/'dek?re?t/ 美/'d?k?ret/vt. 装饰；布臵；授勋给vi. 装饰；布臵

3.2 bar英/bɑ?/ 美/bɑr/n. 条，棒；酒吧；障碍prep. 除……外vt. 禁止；阻拦

3.3 banquet英/'b??kw?t/ 美/'b??kw?t/n. 宴会，盛宴；宴请，款待n. (Banquet)人名；(法)邦凯；(西)班克特vt. 宴请，设宴款待vi. 参加宴会and so forth等等

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1、Anyway, the townsfolk can`t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they`ll do better.总之，镇上人还是不明白为什么皇家莎士比亚剧团需要津贴。（该剧院连续三年打破上座纪录，去年，剧院中1431个座位的全年上座率94%，今年会更高。）

1.1 row英/r??/ 美/ro/n. 行，排；划船；街道；吵闹vt. 划船；使……成排vi. 划船；争吵

2、The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. 当然，原因是成本窜升，而票价仍然保持很低。 2.1 rocketed adj. 利用火箭运载的；借火箭起动的火箭助推的

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1、It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford`s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. 如果票价上升太高，那就是一种不幸了，这是因为这样做就会赶走年轻的人，而他们是斯特拉特福德最有吸引力的客户。他们到此完全是为了看戏，而不是观光。

1.1 shame英/?e?m/ 美/?em/n. 羞耻，羞愧；憾事，带来耻辱的人vt. 使丢脸，使羞愧

1.2 clientele英/,kli??n'tel/ 美/'kla??n't?l/n. 客户；诉讼委托人

2、They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstone s outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m. 他们看上去几乎长相相似（他们来自世界各地）——消瘦、棱角分明、面部表情专注，穿着牛仔裤，趿拉着拖鞋，吃着面包，晚上露宿在剧院外的石板上，等着购买售票处早上10：30开始销售的为露宿者提供的20个座位和80个站票。

2.1 lean英/li?n/ n. 瘦肉；倾斜；倾斜度adj. 瘦的;贫乏的;歉收的vt. 使倾斜vi. 倾斜;倚靠;倾向；依赖

2.2 pointed英/'p??nt?d/美/'p??nt?d/v. 指出;瞄准（point的过去式）adj. 尖的;突出的;锐利的;率直的

2.3 dedicated英/'ded?ke?t?d/ 美/'d?d?'ket?d/adj. 专用的；专注的；献身的v. 以…奉献；把…用于（dedicate的过去式和过去分词）

2.4 bun英/b?n/ 美/b?n/n. 小圆面包

2.5 flagstone英/'fl?gst??n/ 美/'fl?ɡston/n. 石板；[岩] 薄层砂岩

2.6 sleeper英/'sli?p?/ 美/'slip?/n. 卧车；卧铺；枕木；睡眠者

2006 Text 3

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1、When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. 当史前人类到达世界新的地方时，大型动物遭遇了奇怪的命运:它们突然灭绝了，而小型的物种存活了下来。

1.1 prehistoric英/pri?h?'st?r?k/ 美/,prih?'st?r?k/adj. 史前的；陈旧的

1.2 extinct英/?k'st??kt; ek-/ 美/?k'st??kt/adj. 灭绝的，绝种的；熄灭的vt. 使熄灭

2、The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. 大型的、移动速度缓慢的队伍就成了易于捕获的猎物，很快被捕杀以至灭绝。现在，类似的情景可能就发生在海洋之中。

2.1 game英/ge?m/ 美/ɡem/n. 游戏；比赛adj. 勇敢的vi. 赌博

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1、That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. 多年来，我们就已经知道，海洋正在被过度捕捞。研究者如Ransom Myers 和Boris Worm所呈现在我们面前的发现只是说明形势正在发生改变。

2、They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. 他们研究了全世界半个世纪的捕鱼资料，它们的方法并非尝试对大海中某个特定区域的鱼类单位面积内的生物量（活体生物数量）作出估计，而是为了揭示生物数量随着时间的变化情况。

2.1 fishery 英/'f??(?)r?/ 美/'f???ri/n. 渔业；渔场；水产业

2.2 biomass英/'ba??(?)m?s/n. （单位面积或体积内的）[生态] 生物量

2.3 matter英/'m?t?/ 美/'m?t?/n. 物质；事件vi. 有关系；要紧

3、According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. 根据他们在《自然》杂志上最新发表的论文，一个新渔场的大型食肉动物（捕食其他队伍的动物）的生物量在开始经营十五年内平均减少80%；在一些长期捕鱼的地区，迄今已经减少了一倍半。 3.1 predator英/'pred?t?/ n. [动] 捕食者；[动] 食肉动物；掠夺者

3.2 halve 英/hɑ?v/ 美/h?v/vt. 二等分；把……减半

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1、Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today`s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. Worm博士承认，这些数字过于保守，原因之一是因为捕鱼技术的提高。近几天的渔船可以通过卫星和声纳找到鱼群，而这些技术在50年前是没有的。

1.1 conservative英/k?n's??v?t?v/ 美/k?n's?v?t?v/n. 保守派，守旧者adj. 保守的

1.2 vessel英/'ves(?)l/ 美/'v?sl/n. 船，舰；[组织] 脉管，血管；容器，器皿

1.3 prey英/pre?/ 美/pre/n. 捕食；牺牲者；被捕食的动物vi. 捕食；掠夺；折磨

1.4 satellite 英/'s?t?la?t/ 美/'s?t?la?t/n. 卫星；人造卫星；随从；卫星国家

1.5 sonar英/'s??nɑ?/ 美/'sonɑr/n. 声呐；声波定位仪（等于asdic）

2、That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. 这意味着同50年前相比可以捕获更多的海洋生物，所以现在和过去的真正差距可能会比之前在捕获区记录的数据所显示的更糟糕。在早期的时候，多勾的鱼杆线已经对鱼不起作用了。2.1 proportion 英/pr?'p???(?)n/n. 比例，占比;部分;面积;均衡vt. 使成比例；使均衡；分摊

2.2 longline英/'l??lain, 'l?:?-/ n. 多钩长线

3、Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. 因此有一些鱼种没被抓到，往后没有鱼饵的鱼钩根本捕不到鱼，导致过去的捕鱼业受到低估。再者，在多钩长线钓鱼的早期，许多鱼在上钩后都成为鲨鱼的食物。现在这已经不再成为问题，因为没有多少鲨鱼出没。

3.1 bait英/be?t/vt. 引诱；在…中放诱饵；折磨n. 饵；诱饵vi. 中途休息Paragraph 4

1、Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. Myers 和Worm博士坚持认为，它们的研究给出了正确的基线，未来的管理决策者必须给予重视。take into account考虑；重视；体谅

1.1 baseline英/'be?sla?n/ 美/'besla?n/n. 基线；底线

2、They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologist s, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 他们相信这些资料支持目前在海洋生物学家中流行的一种观点，就是“多变的基线”的观点，这种观点认为因为人们只限于对过去相对较短的时期的研究，所以他们没有能够觉察到大海中所发生的巨大变化。

2.1 marine英/m?'ri?n/ 美/m?'rin/n. 海运业；舰队；水兵；（海军）士兵或军官adj. 船舶的；海生的；海产的；航海的，海运的

2.2 biologist英/ba?'?l?d??st/ 美/ba?'ɑl?d??st/n. 生物学家

2.3 detect英/d?'tekt/ 美/d?'t?kt/vt. 察觉；发现；探测

3、That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be crop ped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business. 这点之所以很重要是因为理论指出，一个渔场所能够获得的最高持续产量仅当目标物种的生物量是原来水平的50%时才能实现，而大部分的渔场都处于这个水平之下，这对于正常的营业是很不利的。maximum sustainable yield最高持续产量

3.1 yield英/ji?ld/ n. 产量；收益vt. 屈服；出产，产生；放弃vi. 屈服，投降

3.2 crop英/kr?p/ 美/krɑp/n. 产量；农作物；庄稼；平头vt. 种植；收割；修剪；剪短vi. 收获

2006 Text 4

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1、Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists` only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. 许多事情让人们认为艺术家是怪人，而且最奇怪的莫过于此：艺术家的唯一工作就是探索情感，然而，他们的选择聚焦于那些他们感觉很糟的情感。

1.1 weird英/w??d/ 美/w?rd/n. （苏格兰）命运；预言adj. 怪异的；不可思议的；超自然的Paragraph 2

1、This wasn`t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. 事实并非常常如此，最早的艺术形式，像绘画和音乐，是那些最适合表达喜悦的艺术.

2、But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth`s daffodils to Baudelaire`s flowers of evil. 但是在19世纪的某个地方，许多艺术家开始把幸福看作是淡而无味的、虚假的——更糟的是，看作是令人厌烦的，这点可以从威廉?华兹华斯的《水仙花》到波德莱尔把鲜花描述为邪恶的转变之中看出。

2.1 onward英/'?nw?d/ 美/'ɑnw?d/adj. 向前的；前进的adv. 向前；在前面

2.2 phony英/'f??n?/ 美/'foni/n. 假冒者；赝品adj. 假的，欺骗的

2.3 daffodil英/'d?f?d?l/ 美/'d?f?d?l/n. 水仙花adj. 水仙花色的

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1、You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. 你可能会坚持认为艺术之所以对幸福产生更大的怀疑是因为现代社会也已经历了太多的不幸.

1.1 skeptical英/'skept?k?l/ 美/'sk?pt?kl/adj. 怀疑的；怀疑论的，不可知论的

1.2 misery英/?m?z?r?/ 美/'m?z?ri/n. 痛苦，悲惨；不幸；苦恼；穷困

2、But it`s not as if earlier times didn`t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. 但是这并不意味着早期的时代没有经历战乱、灾难和对无辜者的屠杀。

2.1 massacre英/'m?s?k?/ 美/'m?s?k?/n. 大屠杀；惨败vt. 残杀；彻底击败

3、The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today. 事实上，原因可能恰恰相反：如今的世界存在过多的该诅咒的幸福。

3.1 damn英/d?m/ n. 一点；诅咒vt. 谴责；罚…下地狱adj. 可恶的adv. 非常vi. 谴责int. 讨厌Paragraph 4

1、After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. 毕竟，现代社会几乎完全用来描述幸福的语言是什么？是广告。

1.1 depict英/d?'p?kt/ 美/d?'p?kt/vt. 描述；描画

1.2 dedicated英/'ded?ke?t?d/ 美/'d?d?'ket?d/adj. 专用的；专注的；献身的dedicate英/'ded?ke?t/ 美/'d?d?ket/vt. 致力；献身；题献

2、The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. 反幸福的艺术的兴起几乎和大众传媒的兴起如出一辙；而随之兴起了一种商业文化，在这种文化中，幸福快乐不仅是一个抽象概念，而是一种意识形态。

2.1 track英/tr?k/ 美/tr?k/n. 轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道vt. 追踪；通过；循路而行；用纤拉vi. 追踪；走；留下足迹

2.2 mass英/m?s/ 美/m?s/n. 块，团；群众，民众；大量，众多；质量adj. 群众的，民众的；大规模的，集中的vt. 使集合vi. 聚集起来，聚集mass media大众传播媒体

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1、People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. 早期时代的人们被贫困的事物包围着，他们一直工作到筋疲力尽为止，生活中几乎无安全可言，而且英年早逝。

1.1 exhausted英/?ɡ'z??st?d/ 美/?ɡ'z?st?d/ adj. 疲惫的；耗尽的/?g'z??st; eg-/ 美/?ɡ'z?st/n. 排气；废气；排气装臵vt. 排出；耗尽；使精疲力尽；彻底探讨vi. 排气

2、In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms.在西方，

在大众传播工具出现以及人们学会读写以前，最有力的传播媒介就是教堂，它告诫礼拜者他们的灵魂处于危险之中，它提醒信徒们，他们的灵魂处于危险之中，他们总有一天会成为蛆虫的食物。

2.1 literacy英/'l?t(?)r?s?/ 美/'l?t?r?si/n. 读写能力；精通文学

2.2 medium英/'mi?d??m/美/'mid??m/n. 方法；媒体；媒介；中间物adj. 中间的，中等的；半生熟的

2.3 worm英/w??m/ 美/w?m/n. 虫，蠕虫；蜗杆；螺纹；小人物vt. 使蠕动；给除虫；使缓慢前进vi. 慢慢前进；蠕行

3、Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. 在这种信仰下，他们对此已十分了然，无须其艺术再表现这种失落感。

3.1 bummer英/'b?m?/ n. 失望，挫折；n. 令人失望的事(物)，令人不快的事件(或局面、经历等)；Paragraph 6

1、Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. 今天，普通西方人不是被宗教所包围，而是受到商业广告的轰击，他们始终是幸福的。

2、Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. 吃快餐者、新闻节目主持人、文本发送者，大家都面带微笑，都在笑。我们的杂志以光彩照人的名人、住着完美宅邸的幸福家庭为主角。

2.1 anchor英/'??k?/ 美/'??k?/n. 锚；抛锚停泊；靠山；新闻节目主播adj. 末棒的；最后一棒的vt. 抛锚；使固定；主持节目vi. 抛锚

2.2 feature n. 特色，特征;容貌;特写或专题节目vt. 特写;以…为特色;由…主演vi. 起重要作用

2.3 beaming英/'bi?m??/ adj. 喜气洋洋的；愉快的；光亮的；耀眼的v. 照耀（beam的ing形式）

2.4 celebrity 英/s?'lebr?t?/ 美/s?'l?br?ti/n. 名人；名声

3、And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks. 由于这些信息含有这样的真实企图——就是诱使人们打开他们的钱夹子，以便使得幸福的真正含义变得不可靠。治疗关节炎的药物Celebrex曾一度暗示人们“庆祝吧！”不久我们却发现这种药可能增加心脏病发作的危险！

3.1 agenda英/?'d?end?/ 美/?'d??nd?/n. 议程；日常工作事项；日程表

3.2 lure英/l(j)??/ 美/l?r/n. 诱惑；饵；诱惑物vt. 诱惑；引诱

3.3 arthritis英/ɑ?'θra?t?s/ 美/ɑr'θra?t?s/n. [外科] 关节炎

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1、But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. 我们所忘记的——而我们的经济就是依赖于忘记——是：幸福并不等于没有痛苦的快乐。那些带来最大喜悦的事物潜藏着最大的损失和失望的隐患。

2、Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. 今天，身处轻松幸福的许诺的包围之中，我们需要有人来提醒我们——如同从前宗教所做的那样——“死亡的象征”：记住我们会死亡，万事皆有终了时；幸福不是来源于否认这点，而是与其共生。

2.1 memento mori英/me'ment?u'm?urai/ 美/me'ment?u'm?urai/死的警告；死的象征

3、It`s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. 这种信息甚至要比丁香味的香烟更苦涩，然而，无论如何，它不失为一股新鲜空气。

3.1 bitter英/'b?t?/ 美/'b?t?/n. 苦味；苦啤酒adj. 苦的；痛苦的；尖刻的；充满仇恨的vt. 使变苦adv. 激烈地；严寒刺骨地

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05 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.

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考研英语阅读（1） To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过类似这样的话，“被误导的运动要想成功，所需的只是好人不作为。”现在，就有这样一个运动正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有这样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。科学家应该对动物权利鼓吹者做出强有力的

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势，（网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”

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1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于

17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏

考研英语阅读翻译1

ase to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.” 现在，该国最高专利法院似乎完全准备好要缩减商业方法专利，因为商业方法专利自从十年前第一次批准授予以来一直有争议。在一项使得知识产权律师们议论纷纷的提议中，美国联邦巡回上诉法院声称它将利用某个具体案件来对商业方法专利进行广泛的复审。密苏里大学法学院Dennis D. Crouch说，“正如人们所知道的那样，Bilski案例是一件非常大的事情”它可能将消除整个专利类别”。 Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. 对于商业方法诉求的限制是个戏剧性的彻底变化，因为正是联邦巡回法院自己引进了这种专利。那是在1998年，对于所谓的美国道富银行的案件中，联邦巡回法院做出了判决，批准了筹集共同基金资产的方法具有专利权。这一裁决使得商业方法专利文件以几何数级增加，起初只是一些注：to the punch的英文解释为to the first blow or to decisive action ― usually used with beat 所以这里翻译为“先下手为强”或“抢占先机”。 The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of th ree, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling. 前面提到的Bilski案例涉及到一份已申请的方法专利，即关于能源市场的风险规避方 The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,” says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School. 联邦巡回法院的这一裁决效仿了最高法院。最高法院最近做出了一系列的判决，缩小了专利持有者的受保范围。例如，去年四月，法官们认定太多的专利授予了一些显而易见的

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