四级考试新题型(应考指南)改错2006.11.28

When you start talking about good and bad manners you

immediately start meeting difficulties. Many people just can' t agree

what they mean. We asked a lady, who replied that she thought you

could tell a well-mannered person on the way they occupied the 1._______ space around them--for example, when such a person walks down a

street he or she is constantly unaware of others. Such people never 2._______ bump into other people.

However, a second person thought that this was more a

question of civilized behavior as good manners. Instead, this other 3.___________ person told us a story, it he said was quite well known, about an 4.___________ American who had been invited to an Arab meal at one of the 5.___________ countries of the Middle East. The American hasn't been told very 6.___________ much about the kind of food he might expect. If he had known

about American food, he might have behaved better. 7.___________ Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that

looked, to him, very much as a napkin. Picking it up, he put it into 8. _______

his collar, so that it falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had 9. _______ been watching, said of nothing, but immediately copied the action 10. _______

of his guest.

And that, said this second person, was a fine example of good

manners.

Exercise 1

Changes in the way people live bring about changes in the jobs that they do. More and more people live in towns and cities instead 1.______ on farms and in villages. Cities and states have to provide services

city people want, such like more police protection, more hospitals, 2. _______ and more schools. This means that more policemen, more nurses

and technicians, and more teachers must be hired. Advances in

technology has also changed people's lives. Dishwashers and 3. _______ washing machines do jobs that were once done by the hand. The 4. _______ widespread use of such electrical appliances means that there is a

need for servicemen to keep it running properly. 5. _______ People are earning higher wages and salaries. This leads changes 6._____ in the way of life. As income goes down, people may not want more 7.______ food to eat or more clothes to wear. But they may want more and

better care from doctors, dentists and hospitals. They are likely to

travel more and to want more education. Nevertheless, many more 8.______ jobs are available in these services.

The government also affects the kind of works people do. The 9.______ governments of most countries spend huge sums of money for

international defense. They hire thousands of engineers, scientists, 10._______ clerks, typists and secretaries to work on the many different aspects

of defense.

If indeed silence is golden, it is also becoming as rare as gold.

It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of 1._____ noise. In every home a stereo or television will fill the rooms sound. 2._____ Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant

source of voice from cars, buses, and trucks. You can pass any 3.______ factory or construction area and the roar of their machinery will make 4.____ your ears ringing. Music is played in almost all supermarkets, 5._______ restaurants, and many offices. Big cities of the world are

well-known by their noisiness. 6.______ Noise pollution is the new side effect of our technological age.

Day or night, the sound of the work fills the air. It seems that the 7.______ smoothing effects of silence are nowhere to be found. Even the quiet

of our careful protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any 8.________ moment by a passed jet. 9.________ We are learning, finally, that silence is a natural resource and must be protected by law. It appears that we all find company in

sound, if at the same time, we all demand a little quiet from time to 10._______ time.

Exercise 3

Increasingly, over the past ten years, people have become

aware of the need to change their eating habit, because much of the

food they eat is not good for their health. However, there has been a 1.______ grown interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain 2.______ chemical additives and which has not been affected by chemical 3. ______ fertilizers widely used in farming today.

Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain

which have been grown in soil that is rich for organic matter. This 4. ______ in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of this is to increase the amount--but 5. ______ not the quantity--of foods grown in commercial farming areas. 6. ______ Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed

to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compared this with 7. ______ that happens in the mass production of poultry: There are farms, for 8. ______ example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one

building and are fed on food which is little worse than rubbish. 9. ______ Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also

produce eggs which lack of important vitamins. 10. ______

The environmental problem is one of the crucial problems we

face now. Energy efficiency cuts down the increase of carbon

dioxide in the atmosphere, which is the main cause of global warm. 1. ______ People say we live in a throwaway society; in other word, waste is 2. ______ building up, we really need to find a way to solve this. Recycling 3. ______ and reuse can stop the build-up of waste, and can help saving 4. ______ energy. Every grower, from a farmer to a gardener, can try their best

to save wildlife and habitats by increasing the use of artificial 5. ______ chemicals which can poison plants and animals and pollute the land,

air and water.

There are plenty of environmental problems faced the world. 6. ______ Small but consistent environmental action by everyone can help to

make sure it will not become overwhelming. It's remarkable how 7. ______ the different environmental actions work together to prevent a

various of problems. 8. ______ You can buy 100% recycled paper goods for the kitchen and

bathrooms as well recycled bin bags. You can also buy those 9. ______ environmental responsible products--try to use products that do not 10. ______ contain chemicals that can do harm to the environment. Regular

purchases will begin to make a difference.

Exercise 5

Suicide has been a cause of concern in most societies for a long

time. The classical Greeks, for example, required people who wanted

to kill themselves get permission from the senate. While this law 1. ______ is not without humor by today's standards, it clearly shows an

aware of the problem in times gone by. In today's society, suicide is 2. ______ much more prevalent because we want to admit. Why do people try 3. ______ to take their own lives?

The motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as

failure, wrath, the need for attention, stress, and so on. Therefore, 4. ______ the qualities of a person who wants to take his own life changes 5. ______ from person to person, making this difficult to depict the typical 6. ______ victim. To make the problem even more involving, people will often 7. ______ hide their true feelings, thus caused their friends to disregard 8. ______ problems that should be viewed as serious.

In the United States, a network of centers have been created to 9. ______ prevent suicides. People who are bitter, worried, or depressed are

encouraged to contact workers at their centers. These workers, often

training volunteers, offer benevolent advice to the callers, trying to 10. ______ help the callers to see that suicide as a solution to problems is an

illusion.

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四级考试题型和时间分配及计分方法 标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]

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