新标准大学英语2 unit 1 重难点

Words to note

Active reading 1:

1.radicalism n. [U]a way of thinking or behaving that is based on the belief that important political and social changes are necessary. 激进主义

e.g 1.An extra step from truth, thus, lands us in absurdity. That single word later gave rise to both cultural radicalism and cultural nihilism.

真理向前多跨一步就是谬误。把“流传下来的”误为“传统的”，虽一词之差，却隐含着产生文化激进主义和文化虚无主义的危机。

2.His radicalism and refusal to compromise isolated him.

他的激进主义与拒绝妥协使他受到孤立.

3.The author is going to study the formation of radicalism in China from a new perspective, namely the perspective of literary politics.

笔者从文学政治的视角来研究中国激进主义的形成。

词根：radical

adj. radical 激进的，彻底的，根本的

adv.radically 根本上；彻底地；以激进的方式

n. radical 基础；激进分子；[物化] 原子团；[数] 根数

vi.radicalize 激进化；成为过激论者

vt.radicalize 使…激进；使…偏激

近义词：activism n. 激进主义

2.dissident a. & n.

1) a. in opposition to official policy 持不同政见的

e.g. dissident writers 持不同政见的作家

2) n. [C] someone who publicly criticizes the government in country where this is punished

持不同政见者

e.g. 1. a political dissident 一个政见不同的人

2. The government has promised to release some dissidents.政府承诺释放几名政见不同的人。synonym： dissenter，protester，objector，contestant

短语veteran dissident 资深异见人士

dissident lite 轻量级的异见分子

exiled dissident 流亡海外异见人士

3.liberal n.& adj.

1) [C]someone who believes that social and political changes should be made gradually if most people want them 主张变革的

2)showing or characterized by broad-mindedness 自由主义的

E.g 1.There was a time when one could not be elected in the US unless one was a liberal. and it was actually for the right reasons.

在美国曾有过一个非“自由主义者”不能够参加选举的时期，事实上那时一个人是否是“自由主义者”是一种是否政治正确的理由。

2. The Liberal Democrat's support fell away at the last minute.

自由民主党的支持率在最后一刻有所下降。

3. The attitude of the medical profession is very much more liberal now.

现在，医务人员的态度开明多了。

词根： liberal

Adj. liberalist 自由主义的liberalistic 自由主义的

adv.liberally 大方地；自由地；公平地；充足地

N. liberalization 自由化；自由主义化；放宽限制

liberalism 自由主义；开明的思想或见解

liberality 慷慨，大方；心胸宽阔，胸怀广阔liberalisation 自由化；开放

liberalist 自由主义者liberalness 公正；宽宏大量；慷慨

Vi. liberalize 自由化

Vt. liberalize 使自由化；宽大

词组短语liberal education 普通教育；文科教育liberal art 文科

liberal party n. 自由党liberal democratic party n. 自由民主党

liberal democracy 自由民主；自由民主主义；自由民主制（一种政府形式，由人民选出的民意代表行使决策权力）

同义词n. latitudinarian 自由主义者adj. generous 自由主义的慷慨的

4.establishment n.

1) (the ～) the most important and powerful people in a country, who are often thought of as being conservative and wanting to preserve their own power and influence （国家的）统治集团，当权派

e.g. The public is treated with contempt by the art establishment.公众受到艺术界当权派的轻视。

[U] the process of starting or creating something such as an organization 建立，确立

e.g. the establishment of NATO北约组织的建立

Word family ：establish vi.植物定植vt. 建立；创办；安置

established adj. 确定的；已制定的，已建立的

词组短语

permanent establishment 恒久的设施

establishment of diplomatic relations 建交；建立外交关系

business establishment 营业处所branch establishment 分支机构

establishment of business relations 建立业务关系

同义词v. build 建立n. constitution 建造

The literary establishment generally looks down on artists. 文学界权威

John was eager to establish good relations with the business community. 与…建立良好关系Reagan quickly established himself as a promising film actor. 使自己成为…

It’s an old established family firm. 老牌的

5.passion n. [C,U]

a powerful emotion such as love or anger （爱情、愤怒等）强烈的情感

e.g. He spoke with considerable passion about the importance of art and literature.

他激动地谈起艺术和文学的重要性。

（1）他酷爱古典音乐。He has a passion for classical music.

（2）.He spoke with great passion about the plight of the refugees.

他慷慨激昂地讲述了难民们的困境。

词根： passion

adj.passionate 热情的；热烈的，激昂的；易怒的

passionless 不热情的，冷淡的；冷静的

adv.passionately 热情地；强烈地；激昂地

词组短语

passion for 对…的强烈爱好

have a passion for 对…有强烈的爱好

passion fruit [植]百香果；西番莲果

crime of passion 激情犯罪；冲动犯罪

passion is sweet 激情很美；强烈的情感是甜蜜的

同近义词

n. 激情；热情；酷爱；盛怒flame , love , fire , warmth

6.passionate a.

showing or expressing strong beliefs, interest, or enthusiasm 感情强烈的；激昂的

e.g. 1. a passionate young man一位感情热烈的年轻人

2. a passionate kiss深情一吻

7.protest n. & v.

1) n. [C,U] a strong complaint or disagreement; something such as a meeting or public statement by people who strongly disagree with a policy, law etc. （强烈的）抗议；异议；抗议集会

e.g. 1. A small group of demonstrators staged a peaceful protest outside the UN Headquarters. 一小群示威者在联合国总部外举行了和平抗议。

2. Students will hold a protest this weekend at the federal building.

这个周末学生们将在联邦办公楼举行抗议集会。

2) v. disagree strongly with something, often by making a formal statement or taking action in public 抗议

e.g. 1. Workers are protesting against high unemployment and inflation.

工人们正在抗议高失业率和通货膨胀。

2. Prisoners began a hunger strike to protest at their conditions.

犯人们开始绝食来抗议他们的环境。

The organization has made a formal protest against the nuclear testing. 抗议，反对

We cannot pass this matter by without protest. 不反对地，乐意地

The decision raised/provoked a storm of protest among students. 引起一片抗议的风暴

I went to the doctor under protest. 不情愿地

词根： protest

adj.protestant 抗议的；持异议的

adv.protestingly 抗议地

n.protestant 抗议者；持异议者protester 抗议者；反对者；持异议者

protestation 抗议，异议；声明；断言

词组短语

protest against 反对，对…提出抗议

without protest 心甘情愿地；不反对地；[经]在“不保留异议”的情况下

under protest 抗议着；极不乐意地

protest about 对...提出抗议

同义词n. disagreement

8.alliance n. [C,U] an arrangement between two or more people, groups, or countries by which they agree to work together to achieve something 结盟，联盟

e.g. 1. Britain’s military alliance with her NATO partners

英国同其北约伙伴的军事联盟

2. the possibility of a political alliance between the two parties

两党政治联盟的可能性

See also：form an alliance with.

Word family:：ally v.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be12354650.html,unch vt.

1) start a major activity such as a military attack, a public investigation, or a new career or project 发动；发起（军事袭击，公众调查等）

e.g.1. The organization has launched a campaign to raise $150,000.

为了筹集15万美元，该组织发起了一场募捐活动。

2. The Canadian police plan to launch an investigation into the deal.

加拿大警方计划对这宗交易展开调查。

2) make a new product, book etc. available for sale for the first time [新产品，新书等] 投放市场，发行

e.g. The company hopes to launch the new drug by next October.

公司希望在十月份以前把新药投放市场。

3) send a missile, space vehicle, satellite, or other object into the air or into space 发射（导弹，宇宙飞船，人造卫星等）

e.g. The agency will launch a new weather satellite next month.

该部门将在下月发射一颗新的气象卫星。

发射人造卫星launch a man-made satellite创办一个新企业launch a campaign

发动攻击launch an attack 发起一次活动launch a new enterprise

将新产品投放市场launch a new product 运载火箭launch vehicle

发射台launch pad

发射场；发射区；活力地带（MSN的功能区之一）launch site

下水日期；发行日期；上市日期launch date

词根： launch

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be12354650.html,unching 发射；下水；创设launcher 发射器；发射台；发射者

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be12354650.html,unching 发射；发动；开始从事（launch的ing形式）

同义词v. release sending

10.characterize vt.

be a typical quality or feature of someone or something 成为……的特征

e.g. Bright colors characterize his paintings. 明亮的色彩是他画作的特点。

A bold use of color characterizes the bedroom. 这间卧室的特点是用色大胆。

Word family: characteristics典型的characterless 无个性的

character印刻,性格品质角色characterize 刻画…性格, 在文艺作品中塑造人物characterization（描述）

(1) Ambition is a characteristic of all successful businessmen.

(2) Competitive sport helps to develop one’s character.

(3) The 1980s were characterized by high inflation and high employment.

(4) They portray him as a weak leader, but I don’t think that’s a fair characterization .

11.prime adj. (only before noun)most important 首要的；最重要的

E.g1.Political stability, meanwhile, will be a prime concern.

与此同时，政治稳定将是头等大事。

2. The Prime Minister has been briefed by her parliamentary aides.

首相已听取了她议会助手的简要汇报。

3. He was priming the bomb to go off in an hour's time...

他正在装炸弹，设定为在一个小时之内爆炸。

Responsible, compassionate sex should be an adjunct to the process of coupling, not

the prime reason for doing so.

负责任的、有共鸣的性行为应当成为伴侣结合过程中的附属物，而不是主要原因。

词根： prim

adj.primary 主要的；初级的；基本的primeval 原始的；初期的（等于primaeval）

prim 拘谨的；整洁的；呆板的primal 原始的；主要的；最初的

primed 待发的

adv.primarily 首先；主要地，根本上

n.primary 原色；最主要者primer 初级读本；识字课本；原始物

primal 被压抑童年情绪的释放priming 底漆；装雷管；起爆剂；装点火药；装填物primality 原始；首要；根本；素性primness 呆滞；拘谨；一本正经

v.primed 使准备好；装填；使泵起动；涂底漆；修剪树枝（prime过去分词）为……装火药vi.prim 显得一本正经

Vt. prim 使显得一本正经；把…打扮得整整齐齐

primal 释放（被压抑的童年情绪）

词组短语prime minister 首相，总理

prime time 黄金时间

deputy prime minister 副总理；副首相

prime number 素数

prime mover n. 原动力；发起者

同近义词adj. 主要的；最好的；基本的

greatest , major , elementary , central , main

12.prospect n. & v.

n. 1. (～s) chances of success, especially in a job or career 胜算；（尤指工作和事业方面）成功的可能性

e.g. I had no job, no education, and no prospects.我没工作，没受过教育，前途渺茫。

2. [U,C] the possibility that something will happen, especially something good （尤指好事发生的）可能性

e.g. The prospects for employment in the technology sector are especially good right now. 当前技术部门的就业机会极好。

13.Resignation n. [C,U] the act of leaving a job permanently 辞职

e.g. 1. The governor refused to accept Cox’s resignation. 州长拒绝接受考克斯的辞职。

2. The scandal led to the minister’s resignation.丑闻导致了部长的辞职。

Word family: resign v.

14. Obscure adj.

1) not clearly expressed or not easy to understand

2) not known about or not well known

The poem is obscure to those unlearned in the classics.

这首诗歌在不懂古典诗作的人看来是费解的。

2. 他为什么退学的理由还不清楚。

The reasons why he dropped out are obscure.

15. give rise to to make sth. happen or begin, esp. sth. unpleasant or unexpected

words or expressions with similar meaning to give rise to

to cause/ to lead to/ to result in/ to contribute to

(1)Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave

rise to more violent clashes.

(2)Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.

16. bring about to make sth. happen, esp. to cause changes in a situation

反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。

The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.

17. in itself without considering the rest

(1)For the old lady buying the daily newspaper soon became an end in itself, since she really

just wanted to chat with the shopkeeper.

那老太太每天去买报纸，不多时便觉乐在其中，因为她主要是想和店主聊天.

(2) 这钱本身对他们来说是没有什么价值的。

The money in itself meant nothing to them.

Active reading 2:

1. Destruction that is so severe that something stops existing or can never return to its normal state (1) Destruction pursues the great.

树大招风。

(2) He who is unjust is doomed to destruction.

多行不义必自毙。

What natural factors have destructive effects?

hurricane (飓风); typhoon (台风); tornado (龙卷风); tsunami (海啸); volcanic eruption (火山爆发) landslide (山崩); mudslide (泥石流)

2. profound adj. very great

(1) a profound change 巨大的变化

(2) profound differences 悬殊的差距

(3) a profound effect / influence / impact重大的影响

(4) a profound sense of failure强烈的挫败感

(5) profound insights深刻的见解

(6) profound knowledge渊博的知识

(7) profound interest浓厚的兴趣

(8) profound significance重大的意义

3. by definition as a part of the basic nature of something

By definition, a home is the place where people live. It is a family dwelling.

4. take to

(1) I took to John as soon as we met. 开始喜欢, 有好感

(2) Recently he’s taken to wearing a cap. 开始养成······的习惯

(3) Joanne says she’s ill, and she’s taken to her bed. 到（某处）休息

5. be associated with to be connected with something in some way

expressions with similar meanings

be related to/be in connection with/have sth. to do with/ be relevant to

(1)Rose is always associated with love.

(2)I can’t always open my emails—it has something to do with the type of attachment they

come with. 我不是每次都能打开邮件，这同邮件的附件类型有关。

(3) Anyone is welcome to these meetings, we do discuss all sorts of things not just topics

related to work.

(4) It is relevant to the agricultural sector and there are several references to environmental

considerations in the draft proposal.

(5)In November 1990 he had been arrested in connection with a protest by women against a

ban on women drivers.

6.-ment or –ism.

cynic—cynicism colloquial—colloquialism Postmodern—postmodernism Confucian—Confucianism

collective—collectivism individual—individualism

develop—development enhance—enhancement conservative—conservatism Elite—elitism

Govern—government Agree—agreement

Heroic—heroism Sex—sexism

Romantic—romanticism Invest—investment

Difficult sentences

Active reading 1:

1. “If you can remember anything about the 1960s, you weren't really there,”so the saying goes. (Para 1)

有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20 世纪60 年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”

What can we infer about the life of people in the 1960s?

This saying makes a joking comment about these years: this was a time in the West when many young people took drugs (like cocaine可卡因, marijuana 大麻and LSD一种麻醉药), so they were there and didn’t really remember much of what happened (because of the drugs, they were “in a haze of marijuana smoke”). If someone does remember they weren’t really there —they must have been somewhere else, without drugs.

2.In the 1960s, California’s colleges and universities had transformed the state into the seventh largest economy. (Para 2)

20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。

What can we infer about the status of the University of California?

It sees itself as the link between education and economy in California and has been recognized as a very significant factor for many years.

What does the Californian economy include?

Hollywood (entertainment), Los Angeles (tourism), the Central Valley (agriculture: California is the world’s fifth largest supplier of food and agricultural products), Silicon Valley (computers, high technology) and wine production.

3. The liberals replied that it was the ability to tolerate noisy, dissident minorities which made

universities great. (Para 2)

自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。Why is it was…which instead of it was…that used here?

强调结构是“It is (was) + 被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语) + who (that)...”。一般说来,被强调部分指人时，用who；指事物时用that，但that 也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。

I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

强调主语：It was I that （who）met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.

强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station

4. Some people drop out, but the most apathetic stay the course because it’s too much effort to

leave. (Para 5)

有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。What does “stay the course”mean?

“Stay the course”is used in the context of a war or battle meaning to pursue a goal regardless of any obstacles or criticism. Its modern usage was popularized by American presidents George H.

W. Bush and Ronald Reagan. The phrase was first used by Bush in July 2003 while talking

about his plan for Iraq, “We will stay the course, we will help this young Iraqi democracy

succeed…”

5.College has become a means to an end, an opportunity to increase one’s chances on the

employment market, and not an end in itself, which gives you the chance to imagine, just for a short while, that you can change the world.

大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。

Analyze the sentence structure.

这句话主语为college，谓语has become，表语为a means to an end

an opportunity … employment market作为a means to an end的同位语。not an end in itself 同样为has become的表语，与前面的a means to an end形成对比，它还做定语从句

which gives you the chance to imagine的主语。imagine后面跟了一个宾语从句

that you can change the world。

6.Gone are the days when a son or daughter rang home once or twice a term. (7)

儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返

Gone are the days when意思为“······日子一去不复返了”。注意后面的从句中要用过去时。也可以变换句型 The days when… are gone.

7.“Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very heaven!”(Paras. 8-9)

“在那黎明时分活着是至福之事，年轻更是如进天堂！”

Read to learn the background of these lines.

The major English romantic poet, William Wordsworth (1770-1850) wrote these words about the early days (the dawn) of the French Revolution. He had lived in France and was impressed by the Revolution but on his return to England, he found that many people who had supported it changed their minds when they saw the killings that happened later. These words try to catch the spirit of the enthusiasts.

Analyze the sentence structure.

这是一个倒装句。原句应是It was bliss to be alive in that dawn. Bliss was / is it to do sth. 和it was / is heaven to do sth. 都表示“做······是一件非常幸福的事情。”Paraphrase the sentence.

It was complete happiness to be alive in the Revolution, but to be young was even better. It was perfect, like in paradise.

Active reading 2:

1. This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a

T-shirt with some ironic comment such as “Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”. (Para. 1)

“Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”这种表达方式和旅游有关，就是说都去过经历过了，都买了留念的T-shirt了，已经不想再去了。

这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T恤衫”或诸如此类带有讥讽意味的俏皮话。

2. But when I started to study postmodernism, something clicked and made me sit up and take a fresh look at college life. (Para.1)

If something clicks, it means that you suddenly understand it.

可是当我开始学习后现代主义的时候，我突然开了窍。我提起精神，开始重新审视大学生活。

eg. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.

当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。

A word had clicked in peter's brain .一个词突然在彼得脑里一闪。

3. The American college as we used to know it is coming to an end. (Para.3)

这里的the American college as we used to know it 指的是美国大学曾经是产生激进社会

变革的发源地，即an incubator of radical social change。20世纪60年代美国反传统文化远动大多起源于大学校园，例如1964 年在Berkeley 爆发的自由言论运动。

In brief, the period of modernism has come to an end and nothing has replaced it. Language and culture

The Vietnam War: Vietnam had wars with France in the 19th century (1858–1884),Japan(1940-1945),and France(1945-1954) after which North and South Vietnam became separate countries. What Americans call ‘the Vietnam War’ involved the USA(1961-1973) in a long and increasingly unpopular war. There were widespread anti-war protests in 1969, in universities and other places, and American troops left Vietnam in 1973. North and South Vietnam came together again in

modern Vietnam in 1975.

The British Council is a non-government organization founded in 1934; a major

international cultural relations organization which runs a wide variety of projects and activities to exchange knowledge and ideas in education, English language teaching and learning, the arts, sports, science and technology.

The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact). Historians have not fully agreed on the dates, but 1947–1991 is common. It was termed as "cold" because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides.

The term "baby boom" most often refers to the post–World War II baby

boom (1946–1964) when the number of annual births exceeded 2 per 100 women (or approximately 2% of the total population size)There are an estimated 78.3 million Americans who were born during this demographic boom in births.The term is a general demographic and is also applicable to other similar population expansions.

Recent baby boom periods include the following:Post–World War I baby boom: (1918-1929) Post–World War II baby boom: Years of duration vary, depending on the source.

Echo baby boom (Millennial Generation): (researchers and commentators use birth years ranging from the early 1980s to the early 2000s) are the children of the baby boomers, Gen Xers, and even some members of the Silent Generation.

Text evaluation

1. What do you think is the purpose of a university education? Should it be an end in

itself or a means to an end?

I certainly believe a university education is to train people to think and to create

thinking and things with the best possible environment and facilities available. It has

the duty to transmit theories, knowledge and skills to people and to society and

generate young people to contribute to the living world. Meanwhile, it does have a

responsibility to give students the necessary abilities to survive in the real world and

to contribute to society. In this sense it is a means to an end. In short, it should be

both: you enjoy the journey (the means) but you want to arrive at the destination (the end) too.

2. What factors influenced your choice of university and the course you are doing?

There is a combination of factors I consider for the choice of university and for my

course. If I have achieved a high score for the university entrance exam, I would

like to go to a university which is well-known for its tradition,the quality of courses offered,The staff who should be well qualified, the learning environment and

location of the university. And I will do some research to find out why a particular

course is good. But most importantly I would like to choose something I really love to learn and have a passion for; whether this course is popular or not is not my first consideration

Summarizing

What are the most important issues for students today? Is the university campus really such a different place compared to what it was 40 years ago?

For the students in the 1960s, going to college was the most exciting and stimulating experience of their life. They took part in protests and launched Strikes against the establishment with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. Going to college also meant their first taste of real freedo m. They could discuss the meaning of life, read their first forbidden book and see their first indie film.

In contrast, the students today don’t have the passion for college life that t hey used to. Today, college is seen as a kind of small town from which peopl e are keen to escape. Instead of the heady atmosphere of freedom which stud ents in the 1960s discovered, students today are much more serious. College has become a means to an end, an opportunity to improve their prospects of being competitive in the employment market, and not an end in itself.

But in spite of all this, the role of the university is the same as it always has been. It is the place where students have the opportunity to learn to think for themselves.

Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice.

(with their …and justice 部分最好提前，即先说学生的状况，再说学生与当权者的冲突。)

在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情地投入到自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。

2 These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it’s true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).

现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010 年让50％的30 岁以下的人上大学的目标，（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。

3 I never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how American colleges are changing by going to Lit Theory classes. This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as “Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”.

（第二句的主句是强调句式，汉译应在句法上稍做变通，以求类似强调语义的效果。a bit 以后的内容是进一步说明如何look cool 的，汉译可加破折号表明关系。）

我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学是如何在变化的。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T 恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T 恤衫”，或诸如此类带有讥讽意味的俏皮话。

4 We’re a generation that comes from what has been called the short century (1914－1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which changed civilizations, overthrew repressive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation before.

(由which引导的从句比较难处理。可以在at the end of the century of war and revolution 处拆句。前半部分讲“我们”所处的年代，后半部分讲这个世纪的特点。)我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914－1989），生于其末尾。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权，我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。

Translate the sentences into English.

1 政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。(give rise to; form an alliance with; launch;bring about)

Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.

2 如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一个象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。

(shrink;gone are the days; a means to an end)

Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and the students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.

3 我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课，因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。(hope; by doing …; the place where)

I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason. 4 我一直想方设法解决这个难题，但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。(work out; click)

Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.

大学英语语法 第二十四讲 否定

第二十四讲 否定 英语中的否定结构形式多样, 有部分否定、全部否定、几乎否定、双重否定等。在译成 汉语时, 有时要将否定结构译成肯定含义, 有时又要将肯定结构译成否定含义; 有时在英语中否定主语, 可是译成汉语时就转换成否定谓语。诸如此类的现象很多, 值得探讨。 一、常用否定表示法 1. 部分否定 代词或副词如all, both, every, everybody, every day, everyone, many, everything, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always , often 等与not 搭 配使用时, 表示部分否定, 意为“并非都是, 不是每个都是”等。例如: Both of them are not my brothers . 他们两个不全是我的兄弟。 这一句是部分否定, 不可译成“他们两个都不是我的兄弟”。如要表达这个意思, 要说: Neither of them is my brother . All is not gold that glitters . = Not all is gold that glitters . 发光的并非都是黄金。 Every man can not do it . = Not every man can do it . 不是每个人都能做这件事。 I do not remember all these formulas . 这些公式我并非全都记得。 This kind of tree is not found everywhere . 这种树并非哪里都能找到。 Everyone can not answer this question . 并非每个人都能回答这个问题。 The rich are not always happy . 富人未必总是幸福的。 Every couple is not a pair . 成对成双多, 珠联璧合少。( = Not every couple is a pair . ) Not all her work is successful . 并非她所有的工作都是成功的。 Not every child wants to become a film star . 并非所有的孩子都想成为电影明星。 Every man cannot be a writer . 并非每个人都可成为作家。 She is not always excited . 她并非总是兴奋。 I don..t altogether agree with you . 我并不完全同意你。 He is not absolutely wrong . 他并不完全错。 I don..t wholly believe it . 我并不完全相信它。 She is not entirely mistaken . 她并没有完全弄错。 Note: 汉语有句成语:“明修栈道, 暗度陈仓”, 指的是一种虚虚实实、声东击西、使人莫辨真 相的战术, 表现了虚指与实指、形式与实质的不同。说来也巧, 英语语言中的否定结 构也往往具有这种形与实不符的现象, 形式上否定的是A, 但实际意义上否定的却 是B, 等等。这种否定的虚实移位, 往往造成歧义, 须细加辨别。 ①否定主语, 但否定词not 在形式上往往否定谓语, 也就是上文所说的“部分否定”。 全称代词all , both 等作否定句主语时, 都可能产生否定移位, 形式上否定全体, 但 实际上否定部分, 参阅上文。再如: Everybody can not enjoy the music . ( = Not everybody can enjoy the music . )并非 每个人都能欣赏这首曲子。

新标准大学英语-视听说教程2习题答案

Book 2 习题答案(unit 1-unit 5) Unit 1. Inside view 2. They have decided on: 2, 5 and 5 5, 1, c; 2. C; 3. b; 4. A; 5.d 6. 1.Maybe I should 2. Supposing 3. everything’s organized, isn’t it 4. I’ve arranged for people to 5. I’ll count it all up 6. We’d better 7. I’ve got a suggestion 8. How about Outside view 2. The true statements are 3 and 5 3. 1, one of the best universities 2. most talented students 3. well-known around the world 4. have open doors 5. good social life 6.you want it to be 7. on another campus 8. it’s a fun place 9. go to concerts 10. during the week Listening in 8. 1. b; 2. D; 3. D; 4. B ; 5, a Unit 2 Inside view 2. Kate; Kate; Janet; Janet; Janet; Janet; Kate 3 4-1-2-7-3-5-6 6. 1. b; 2, a; 3. D; 4, d; 5. D;

新标准大学英语综合教程2课文翻译U2R2.doc

How empathy unfolds 同感是怎样表露的 1 The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him. Both these small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results of the study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy. Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying – a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy. 霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15个月大的迈克尔把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动都是接受过记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到的。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从出生的那天起，婴儿在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。 2 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears. By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone else's, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a oneyear-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears. 成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿就感受到了同情的苦恼。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L.霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉过来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。这样的困惑在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到，他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦，也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。例如，如果别的婴儿伤了手指，一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己的手指放进嘴里，看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭，婴儿即使没有眼泪，也会擦拭自己的眼睛。 3 Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程 2 学生用书 单词表 Unit1-Unit6

Unit 1 style ,n行为方式，风格 bustle ,vi忙碌，奔忙 bustling ,a繁忙的，熙攘的elementary ,a基本的，初级的telling ,a难忘的，有力的lobby ,n大堂，大厅 attach ,vt系，贴，连接attendant ,n服务员，侍者，随从slot ,n狭缝，狭槽 vigorously ,ad用力的，精力充沛的vigorous ,a tender ,a年幼的，温柔的 bang ,v敲击，猛击exploratory ,a探索的harmless ,a 无害的phenomenon ,n现象 initial ,a开始的，最初的 assist ,v帮助 reposition ,vt改变…的位置insert ,vt插入，嵌入somewhat ,ad有点，稍微expectantly ,ad期待地 await ,vt等待，等候 occasion ,n时刻，场合 frown ,v&n皱眉 neglect ,vt忽略 parental ,a父的，母的，父母的incident ,n事件 relevant ,a有关的，切题的investigate ,v调查，探究creativity ,n创造力 anecdote ,n趣闻，轶事colleague ,n同事 desirable ,a值得向往的，称心的accomplish ,vt完成（某事） accomplishment ,n造诣，才艺， 完成，成就 sympathetically ,ad同情地 sympathetic ,a critical ,a至关重要的，危急的 effectively ,ad有效地 effective ,a principal ,a主要的，首要的 rear ,vt养育，抚养 misdeed ,n不端行为 creative ,a创造的 retrospect ,n回顾 artistic ,a艺术的 well-intentioned ,a好意的 intention ,n意图 observer ,n观察者，观察员 clumsily ,ad笨拙地 clumsy ,a facility ,n熟练，灵巧，设备，设施 gentleness ,n轻柔，优雅 mold ,vt塑造 performance ,n行为，表现，表演， 演出 tradition ,n传统 continual ,a不断的，一再重复的 apply ,vi适用，申请 calligrapher ,n书法家 craft ,n手艺，工艺 reversal ,n颠倒 priority ,n优先考虑的事，重点 bold ,a勇敢的，大胆的 departure ,n背离，出发，离开 inseparable ,a不可分离的 evolve ,v（使）逐步发展 summarize ,vt总结，概述 originality ,n新颖，独创性 independence ,n独立，自主 contrast ,v差异，对比 harbor ,vt怀有 fearful ,a害怕的，担心的 comparable ,a类似的，可比的 promote ,vt促进，推进 emerge ,vi出现 overstate ,vt将…讲得过分，夸大 enormous ,a巨大的 technological ,a技术的，工艺的 innovation ,n革新，新事物 exaggerate ,v夸大，夸张 breakthrough ,n突破 valid ,a有根据的 foster ,vt培养 worthwhile ,a值得的 superior ,a优良的，较好的 account ,n账户，描述，记述 notion ,n观念，想法 furthermore ,ad此外，而且 intend ,vt打算 swallow ,vt吞下，吞没 compound ,a复合的,vt使复合，使 合成 defect ,n缺陷，缺点 scheme ,n计划，方案，阴谋 consumption ,n消费（量） appall ,vt使惊骇 video ,n&a录像（的） resource ,n财力，资源 deposit ,n存款 [键入作者姓名] 2013-11-6 Dalian Polytechnic University [键入文档标题] [键入文档副标题]

初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?

新标准大学英语综合教程二 unit1 课后习题答案

综合教程二unit1 课后习题答案 Active reading（1） 3）．Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 a subject that people discuss or argue about (issue) 2 a chance to do something (opportunity) 3 the most important and powerful people in the country (establishment) 4 an area of land containing all the main buildings of a university (campus) 5 something such as a meeting or public statement by people who strongly disagree with a policy, law etc (protest) 6 to start a major activity (launch) 7 chances of success, especially in a job or a career (prospects) 8 work that you are paid regularly to do for a person or company (employment) 4）. Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. What are the most important (1) issues for students today? Is the university (2) campus really such a different place compared to what it was 40 years ago? Perhaps, as the passage suggests, there are fewer (3) protests by students against the (4) establishment than there used to be. And of course, improving your (5)prospects of being competitive in the (6) employment market is a major concern for students everywhere, since a good university degree is the means by which you can (7) launch your career. But in spite of all this, the role of the university is the same as it always has been. It is the place where you have the (8) opportunity to learn to think for yourself. 5）.Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and phrases in the box. You may need to make other changes. 1 There were fights between police and protestors outside the US Embassy. (clashes) 2 The two parties formed a temporary political arrangement to respond to the problem. (alliance) 3 I’ve always considered myself as someone who is tolerant of other people’s idea. (liberal) 4 The chief official of an American state has a lot of power. (governor) 5 The financial situation of Western European countries rapidly improved in the 1960s. (economy) 6 The 1960s were associated with a new type of popular music. (characterized) The 1960s were characterized by a new type of popular music. 7 Mark left college without finishing the course and joined a rock band. (dropped out) 8 For many people, listening to their music was an experience which made them feel free. (liberating) For many people, listening to their music was a liberating experience. 9 For some people, an interest in politics went hand in hand with a strong enthusiasm for music. (passion) 6) . Answer the questions about the words. 1 (b) not very clearly? 2 (a) active?

新标准大学英语2综合教程课文翻译

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大学英语语法及练习 Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 2020

大学英语语法及练习 第一讲虚拟语气 I. 考点分析：分四级语法复习 虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。 虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。考查历届四级试题，我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题，有时甚至3-4题。虚拟语气的考查要点有： 1. 虚拟语气的形式：分清虚拟时间和主从句的动词形式十分重要，因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比，以便于同学们记忆掌握。

2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。 例如：If I were invited, I would come. If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时，可以省略if, 把它们前置。

例如： Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad. Could I do it, I would surely do it. Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?（万一黑死病再次出现，我们该怎么办） 4. 错综时间的条件句是难点，如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.（从句用过去完成时，主句用现在进行时） 又如：If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去)；If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来)； If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在) 5. 虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句，如： I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); A true friend would have acted differently. (=A friend, if he had been true, would have acted differently.) 6. 注意介词短语 without, but for, in the absence等表示虚拟条件。

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Unit 1 Outside view Activity 1 Activity 2 one of the best universities most talented students well-known around the world have open doors good social life you want it to be on another campus it's a fun place go to concerts during the week Activity 3 library system online three / 3 four / 4 Brian leisure purposes the libraries listening in

Passage 1 1.2 2. 6 3.1 4.5 5.3 6.4 to Passage 1 again and rearrange the answers in the right column to match those questions in the left column. Ceahbgdf Passage 2 OC/O/C/O/C/C/O/C/O/OC to Passage 2 again and choose the best way to complete the sentences BDDBA Test CCBBD CDBCB C Unie 2 Outside view Activity 1 the video clip and match the speakers with the statements. K/K/T/S/T/K/S/K Activity 2

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新标准大学英语综合教程2课后翻译答案 Unit 1(p11) 1 .政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。( give rise to; form an alliance with; launch; bring about) Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government. 2.如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。( shrink; gone are the days; a means to an end) Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and the students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end. 3 .我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课，因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。(hope; by doing …; the place where) I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason. 4.我一直想方设法解决这个难题，但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。( work out; click) Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple. Unit 2(p25) 1.一看见抽屉里的那些老照片，我的眼泪就涌了出来。它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好时光。( the moment; well up) The moment I saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters. 2 .有个学生踩到地上的一滩水滑倒了。周围的人反应各异，有的关心地走上前去看他是否受伤了、能为他做点什么；有的则站在一边不知所措；有的干脆就不理。( diverge from; approach; confuse over; tune out) When a student slipped on a pool of water and fell over, people’s reaction diverged from one another. Some approached caringly to see if he was hurt and if they could help; some just stood there confusing over what to do about it; while others just tuned out. 3.上星期六上午，我像往常一样去超市购物。我刚要打开车门，却发现没带钱包。我只好回家去找，可是哪儿也找不到。( do the usual; do nothing but; fail to do) Last Saturday morning, I did the usual and went shopping in the supermarket. When I was about to open the door of my car, I found that I did not have my wallet on me. I could do nothing but go back home in search of it, but I failed to find it anywhere.

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Unit 1 Outside view Activity 1 3.5 Activity 2 one of the best universities most talented students well-known around the world have open doors good social life you want it to be on another campus it's a fun place go to concerts during the week Activity 3 library system online three / 3 four / 4 Brian leisure purposes the libraries listening in Passage 1 1. 2 2. 6 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 6. 4 2.Listen to Passage 1 again and rearrange the answers in the right column to match those questions in the left column. Ceahbgdf Passage 2 OC/O/C/O/C/C/O/C/O/OC

2.Listen to Passage 2 again and choose the best way to complete the sentences BDDBA Test CCBBD CDBCB C

Unie 2 Outside view Activity 1 1.Watch the video clip and match the speakers with the statements. K/K/T/S/T/K/S/K Activity 2 2.3.5 Activity 3 regarded along communicating But If during how as plays less LISTENING IN Passage 1 1.Listen to Passage 1 and match the colours with the characteristics