英式英语和美式英语词汇的区别
英式英语和美式英语词汇的区别
1.正书法:英式英语受法语影响较大
前为英式,后为美式.例词均为英式英语形
-our/-or: colour, labour, flavour, humour,但表示动作施行者的-or英美同形
-re/-er: centre, theatre(美式英语中可表示剧场), metre
-nce/-nse: defence, offence
-ise, -isation/-ize, -ization: organisation, recognise,但在英国的牛津大学出版社用的是-ize -ae, -oe/-e: encyclopaedia, foetus
-lled, -lling, -ller/-led, -ling, -ler: traveller, signalling
-l/-ll: instalment, skilful等元音+l+辅音的情况
cheque/check:仅在表示”支票”时
grey/gray:灰色
kerb/curb
mould/mold:霉,霉菌
pyjamas/pajamas
storey/story:层,楼层
sulphur/sulfur
tyre/tire
yoghurt, yogurt/yogurt
2.词汇
前为英式,中间为通用(括号中表示多用于某方),后为美式
horse riding/-/horseback riding
sweets/-/candy
abseil/-/rappel
advert/advertisement/-:广告
-/aerial(英)/antenna:天线
aeroplane/-/airplane
Alright?, Alright mate?/Hi!/What’s up?
alsatian/German shepherd(美)/-:谢泼德犬
amber/yellow/-:(交通信号灯上的)黄灯
answerphone/answering machine/-:电话留言机
anticlockwise/-/counterclockwise:逆时针
aubergine/-/eggplant:茄子
arse/-/ass:屁股
-/autumn/fall:秋天
aye(苏格兰)/yeah, yes/-
balaclava/-/ski mask:面罩,滑雪面罩
banger(俗)/old car/-:老爷车
banger/firecracker/-:爆竹
banger/sausage/-:英式香肠
note, banknote/banknote(美语罕用)/bill:纸币
bap/bread roll/-
bap(俗)/breasts/-
-/barbecue/grill:烤肉,露天烤肉
bath/bathtub/-:浴缸
bedsit/-/single room occupancy:单人房
biro/ball point pen/-:圆珠笔
bloke/guy/-
boiler/-/furnace:供暖锅炉
bonnet/-/hood:汽车前盖
boot/-/trunk
braces/-/suspenders:(吊带裤的)吊带
building society/-/savings and loan association
bum bag/-/fanny pack:腰包
bus station, coach station/-/bus terminal:公交总站
burgle/-/burglarize:入室盗窃
campsite/-/campground:宿营地,露营场
camping pitch/-/campsite:支帐篷的地方
candy floss/-/cotton candy:棉花糖
caravan/-/travel trailer:拖挂式房车
railway carriage, carriage, coach/-/railroad car, car:客车(车厢)
casualty, accident and emergency, A&E/emergency department/emergency room catapult/-/slingshot:(小型)弹弓
car park/-/parking lot, parking garage
cashpoint, cash machine, hole-in-the-wall/ATM:自动取(存)款机
central reservation/-/median strip:中央隔离带
canteen/-/cafeterial
cinema/-/movie theater, theater:电影院
cheers/thanks/-:(语气较轻的)谢谢
chemist/pharmacy/drugstore:药店
chips/french fries, fries/-:炸薯条,炸土豆条
cling film/-/plastic wrap:食品保鲜膜,食品包装膜
coach/-/bus:城际观光巴士
cooker/-/stove, range:(烹调用的)灶
coriander, coriander leaves/-/cilantro:香菜
corn/grain/-:谷物,粮食
cornflour/-/cornstarch:玉米粉,玉米淀粉
corner shop/-/general store:小卖部,小杂货店
cot/-/crib(cot表示简易折叠床):婴儿床
cotton bud/-/cotton swab:棉签,棉棒
courgette/-/zucchini:西葫芦
crisps/-/potato chips:薯片,土豆片
cul-de-sac/dead end/-:盲路,死胡同
CV(curriculum vitae)/-/résumé:简历,履历
drawing pin/-/thumbtack:图钉
driving licence/-/driver’s license:驾驶证,驾驶执照(注意拼写)
dressing gown/-/bathrobe
dual carriageway/-/divided highway:(有中央隔离带的)干线道路dummy/-/pacifier:(婴儿含的)奶嘴
duvet, quilt, bedspread/-/comforter:床罩,被罩
dustbin, bin/-/wastebasket, trash can:垃圾箱
electric fire/electric heater/space heater
engaged/busy/-:(对方)通话中,正在通话
entrée, starter/first course, appetizer/-:前菜
-/main course/entrée:主菜
council estate, estate/housing project:住宅区,住宅小区industrial estate, estate/industrial park:工业区,工业开发区estate agent/-/realtor:不动产商
estate car/-/station wagon
ex-directory/-/unlisted number:未记入电话号码簿的号码
fag(俗)/-/Nicotiana tabacum:烟草
fizzy drink/carbonated soft drink/soda
flannel/facecloth/washcloth
flat/-/apartment
flyover/-/overpass:立交桥,立体交叉点
fringe/-/bangs
fortnight(14+night)/two weeks/-:两周,两个星期
football/-/soccer:足球
frying pan(skillet为方言)/frying pan/skillet:平底锅
full stop/-/period:句点,终止符
garage, petrol station/-/gas station:加油站
gobsmacked(俗)/astonished/-
goods/freight, cargo/-:货物
grass(俗), supergrass(俗)/informant/stool pigeon(俗):密告者grill/-/broil(grill指的是露天烤肉)
grotty(俗)/dirty/-
greengrocer/-/-:蔬菜店
guard/conductor/-:列车长
hard shoulder/-/breakdown lane:(硬)路肩
hash, hash mark, hash sign/number sign/pound sign:井号,# Have you got…?/Do you have…?(美)/-
headmaster, headmistress/-/principal:校长
high street/main street/-:商业街
hire purchase, instalment plan/-/installment plan:割赋贩卖
hob/-/cooktop, range:灶(的上表面)
holiday/holiday(指节日)/vacation:休假,假期旅行
How no?(苏格兰)/Why not?/-
Hoover(商标)/vacuum cleaner/-:吸尘器
indicator/-/blinker, turn signal:转向灯,方向指示灯
inverted commas/quotation marks/-:引号
-/police car/patrol car:警车
jelly/-/jell-O(商标), gelatin dessert:果冻
jam/-/jelly:(果冻状的)果酱
jumble sale/-/rummage sale:(学校,教会等街区性的)拍卖
jumper, pullover/sweater(美)/-:毛衣
lass(苏格兰), bird(俗)/girl/chick(俗)
laundrette/-/laundromat:(投币式)洗衣店
letter box, postbox/-/mailbox:(收信用的)邮箱,信箱
lift/-/elevator:(箱式)电梯
loch(苏格兰)/lake/-:湖,峡湾
loo, bogs(俗), khazi(俗)/toilet/restroom:卫生间,厕所
lorry/truck/-:卡车
lounge, sitting room/living room/-:起居室
mackintosh, mac/raincoat/-:雨衣,雨披
mains, mains electricity/-/household power, domestic power, line power, grid power:商用电源mate/-/pal, buddy, bud
maths/mathematics/math:数学
managing director, MD/chief executive officer, CEO/-:行政总裁,最高管理者
Happy Christmas!/Merry Christmas!/-
mince, minced meat/-/ground meat:肉酱,肉沫
mobile phone/-/cell phone:手机,移动电话
motorway/-/freeway, expressway:高速公路
motor car/car/automobile:汽车
nappy/-/diaper:尿布,尿片
newsagent/-/newsdealer:报刊亭,杂货店
news reader/-/news anchor, newscaster:新闻播报员,播音员
nick(俗)/-/-:警察局;逮捕;盗窃
notice board/-/bulletin board:公告栏,布告栏
number plate/registration plate/license plate:车牌
OAP(old age pensioner)/elderly/senior citizen:高龄者,老人
off-licence/-/liquor store:贩酒店
Oi!/Hey!/-:(打招呼的)喂!
pavement/-/sidewalk:人行道
pedestrian crossing, zebra crossing, pelican crossing/-/crosswalk:人行横道,斑马线
peg, clothes peg/-/clothes-pin:晾衣夹
petrol/-/gas, gasoline:汽油
postbox, pillar box/-/mailbox:(寄信时的)邮筒
-/pissed(俗)/loaded(俗), wasted(俗):醉了,喝醉了
-/pissed off(俗)/pissed(俗)
pisshead(俗)/-/takeout:酒豪,千杯不倒的人
pissing it down(俗)/pissing down(俗)/-:大雨,下大雨
plaster/-/Band-aid(商标):创可帖
plaster/orthopedic cast, cast/-:(石膏)绷带
P&P(posting and packing)/-/S&H(shipping and handling):(物品的)邮资,邮费
to post/to send/to mail:邮寄,投递
postcode/-/postalcode(常用), zipcode:邮政编码
poste restante/-/general delivery(poste restante仅用于国际邮件):(邮件的)滞留power cut/-/power outage:停电
pram/-/baby buggy:(厢型)婴儿车
press-up/push-up/-:俯卧撑
provisional licence/-/learner’s permit:临时驾驶执照,练习驾驶执照
pudding/dessert/-:(餐后)甜点
purse/coin purse/-:(女性用的)零钱钱包,小钱包
-/handbag/purse:手袋,手包
pushchair, buggy/-/stroller:(椅型)婴儿车
pylon/-/transmission tower, mast:输电铁塔
queue/-/line:(等待的)队,队列
quite/fairly/pretty:相当,很
quid(俗)/-/-:(英)镑
railway/-/railroad:铁路,铁道
rat-arsed(俗)/-/-:烂醉
redundancy/layoff/-:解雇
rev counter/-/tachometer
reverse charge call/-/collect call:对方付费电话
the River (Thames)/-/the (Colorado) River
roundabout/-/rotary, traffic circle:环岛(式交叉点)
roundabout/merry-go-round, carousel/-:旋转木马
rozzer, copper, filth, pigs(俗)/cop/-:警官
rubber/eraser(美)/-:橡皮(擦)
rubbish/-/garbage, trash
sanitary towel/-/sanitary napkin:卫生巾
Sellotape(商标)/cellophane tape/scotch tape:透明胶带
serviette/table napkin/-:餐巾
set square/-/triangle:三角尺,三角板
silencer/-/muffler
shop/-/store(shop指小型商店):商店
shop assistant/shop worker/salesclerk
shopping trolley/-/shopping cart
skint(俗)/broke(俗)/-
sleet/-/-:霙,介于雨夹雪和冻雨之间的一种天气现象
-/-/sleet:冻雨
spanner/-/wrench:扳手
spring onion/-/scallion:大葱
squaddie(俗)/-/G.I.(俗):士兵
squash/cordial/-:(加水稀释后饮用的)果汁饮料
sultana/-/raisin:葡萄干
summat(俗)/something/-
swede/-/rutabaga:芜菁
takeaway/-/to go:(将刚购买的食品带走的)外卖
tannoy(商标)/PA system, loudspeaker/-:扩音装置,PA
tap/-/faucet:水龙头
tea/dinner, supper/-:晚餐
tea(一部分地区), dinner/-/lunch:一天里最为充实的一顿饭(也可能是午餐) tea towel/dish towel/-
telephone box/telephone booth(美)/-
telly, box/TV/-:电视机
ticket tout/-/scalper:黄牛,以倒卖票给他人为生的人
tinned food/canned food(美)/-:罐头(食品)
tinnie/-/-:罐装啤酒
tomato sauce/ketchup/catsup(一部分地区):番茄酱
torch/-/flashlight:手电筒
tout/-/solicitor:拉客的人,招揽客人的人
tower block/high-rise apartment(美)/-:高层公寓
trainers/-/sneakers, runners:休闲运动鞋
tram/-/streetcar:有轨电车
trousers/-/pants:裤子
tube, underground/-/subway:地铁
uni/university/college:大学
us(俗)/me/-:第一人称单数
waistcoat/-/vest:(西服的)背心,马甲
washing-up liquid/detergent(美)/dish soap:餐具洗洁精,洗碗精
wanker(俗)/-/jerk(俗)
wee(苏格兰)/small, little, wee/-
well(俗)/very/wicked(方言)
wellington boots, wellies/rubber boots/-:长靴
windscreen/-/windshield:(汽车的)挡风玻璃
wing mirror/-/side mirror:(汽车两侧的)后视镜
Y-fronts(俗)/briefs/tighty whities(俗):三角裤
zed/-/zee:(字母)Z
ground floor/-/first floor:一楼,一层
first floor/-/second floor:二楼,二层