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新标准大学英语-视听说教程第一册Listening-in听力原文

新标准大学英语-视听说教程第一册Listening-in听力原文
新标准大学英语-视听说教程第一册Listening-in听力原文

Unit 1 Starting out

Listening in

Passage 1

Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You're a professor at Harvard, is that right? Professor That's right, yes.

Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?

Professor In total there are eight institutions: There's Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania.

Interviewer Ah, OK. And what's the sporting ... I believe there's some link with sports.

Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports. But in the last 50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasn't possible to be both world-famous for research and also top class in sport.

Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather they're academically very, very important, they're very well-known.

Professor Absolutely at the top. They're near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And they're almost always in the top one per cent of the world's academic institutions for financial resources.

Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?

Professor Certainly if you've been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them.

Interviewer And do you know ... why's it called the Ivy League, what's the origin of the name?

Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly it's based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, that's the Roman numeral for four. Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s.

Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?

Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, that's Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.

Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?

Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.

Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?

Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.

Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?

Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.

Interviewer Thank you.

Passage2

Andy Did you see the film on television last night?

Jane No, I was out. What was it?

Andy A Beautiful Mind. It's about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize.

Jane I've heard about that film, yes. He's played by Russell Crowe, isn't he? I like Russell Crowe, he's great.

Andy That's the one, yes.

Jane What's it about?

Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as a graduate student.

Jane That's one of the Ivy League schools, isn't it?

Andy Yes, it's all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. It's lovely to look at. Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing he's looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper.

Jane So he's not interested in having fun?

Andy Well, yes, but he's not very good with people or successful with women, that's all. But, you know, it's one of these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.

Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?

Andy That's about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.

Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!

Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that he's been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point he's chased by the Russians, and it's after this that he becomes mentally ill.

Jane I think I've seen this in the trailer to the film.

Andy So when he's put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. He's given this painful treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine. Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.

Andy Well, it is, but it's well acted and directed, and so, you know, there's a-bit of distance between the audience and what's happening on film.

Jane So what happens next?

Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because we're no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nash's mind.

Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,

Andy Actually, I'm kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while he's using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.

Jane Well, it sounds like a great film.

Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.

Unit 3 Learning to think

Listening in

Passage 1

Interviewer With us today is Martin Downes, a carpenter, who's 51. A year ago, Martin had a stroke. But he's been lucky enough to make a full recovery from it. Can you tell us how it all began, Martin?

Martin I'm very happy to - not that I remember much at all. I was at a customer's house, building a cupboard, and the next thing I knew, I woke up in hospital with people in white coats bending over me.

Interviewer It must have been very frightening.

Martin It was. But what was really frightening was that I couldn't speak. I couldn't say a word. And I couldn't understand much that people said to me.

Interviewer How awful!

Martin Yeah! I don't know what would have happened to me if I hadn't had my family. But they were there for me, they really were. I had something called aphasia, where the part of your brain gets damaged that affects your speech and language. But they started treatment for the condition almost immediately. This speech and language therapist came to see me every day for 12 weeks. They made me do all these exercises.

Interviewer What kind of exercises?

Martin I had to match words and pictures and say their names. You see, I'd also forgotten the names of a lot of things.

She had this thing called a word board and I could point to words and phrases on it that I wanted to say. I had to repeat words up to 20 times - boy, it was hard, so hard.

Interviewer Could you say anything to begin with?

Martin I could say three words. "Hi", "Yes" and "No". That was all. And there were a lot of words I couldn't understand -1 had to learn their meanings all over again.

Interviewer It must have been very frustrating.

Martin It was, but I was determined to get better. I was in hospital for three and a half months. When I got home I got

a special computer programme that I worked with every day. And slowly my language came back to me. It was a

struggle, a big struggle. I had to learn to read and write again too.

Interviewer Why do you think that you were able to recover completely? It's not that common, is it?

Martin I was lucky. I was given the right drug at the right time. And I had 12 weeks of therapy, five days a week. That's very important, apparently.

Interviewer And now that you're better how do you feel about your life?

Martin What can I say? I'm just grateful to have my life back.

Passage 2

Interviewer In 1907 an Italian educator called Maria Montessori opened a school in Rome that taught young children using methods that were very different from traditional teaching. Today, the Montessori method, as it's known, is used in nursery schools in countries such as America, Canada, Britain and Germany. Recent research shows that children educated at a Montessori nursery do better later on at school than other children in all subjects. We asked two Montessori teachers, Claudia Rosella and Sarah Harrington, to explain what makes their nursery school different. Sarah...

Sarah I think the first thing to say is that a Montessori classroom is very quiet, very clean. Everything stays in the same place. So the children are calm and quiet as a result.

Interviewer So they're not encouraged to be noisy.

Sarah No, definitely not...

Interviewer Claudia?

Claudia Yes, the classroom's very important. Another important principle is that children direct their own learning.

They choose what they want to do.

Interviewer So the teacher doesn't tell the child what to do?

Sarah Not at all. While a child is doing an activity we observe them. Then we work with the child for a short time and then leave them to work on their own.

Interviewer That sounds excellent. And what about your equipment? It's often made of wood, isn't it?

Sarah Yes, and a piece of equipment is often designed for one activity only.

Claudia Right. It's so that the child can see if they're getting something right or wrong.

Interviewer So they don't need the teacher so much"?

Sarah That's right. Another Montessori principle is the importance of physical activity. Children learn by doing, so when they're learning to read, for example, the letters are made of sandpaper so that children can feel the shape of the letter.

Interviewer Do you think there are disadvantages with Montessori methods?

Claudia Yes, there are. Maria Montessori didn't understand how important it is for children to use their imagination. If she was alive today, she would recognize that. But still, the fact is, her methods are very successful.

Unit 4 Person to person

Listening in

Passage 1

John Are you packed?

Mike Yup. Everything's there.

John Sure you've packed your mobile?

Mike I'll look again, John ... yes.

John Well, we've got another ten minutes before we need to leave, so we might as well relax. You know someone told me an amazing story yesterday about these Australians who got completely lost in some national park.

Mike And don't tell me, they used their mobile to get help?

John That's right!

Mike So what happened?

John Well, it was this guy with his son and niece -I think she was about 14 - and they were hiking in this really rugged country and they got completely lost - no idea where they were at all.

Mike That's not going to happen to us.

John No, it isn't. Anyway, the guy had his mobile and he phoned the emergency services — it wasn't dark yet - and they sent out a search party, but they couldn't find them. And then -this is the interesting bit - the guy sent photos of the place where they were.

Mike I'd have thought of that.

John Yes, well it's pretty obvious, really. And in the photos there were mountains in the background, and the staff at the emergency service centre were able to identify exactly which mountains they were. And they used the photos to pinpoint their location, you know, to get the exact location.

Mike How did they do that?

John They used mapping software.

Mike Right.

John Anyway, by then it had got dark and really freezing. So they slept behind this ridge and covered themselves with leaves. And you know what the young girl said afterwards? She said, "It was quite fun."

Mike Really, wasn't she frightened?

John I don't think so.

Mike So - is there a happy ending?

John Yes, well they sent out helicopters as soon as it was daylight and the helicopter hovered over the area, and the man kept talking to them till they were able to pinpoint his location. And when they finally found them they were only 400 metres away from where they'd expected them to be.

Mike Amazing!

John And that's because they'd moved 400 metres away from where they'd taken their photos because the ground was

too rough to sleep on.

Mike Incredible!

John And the moral of the story is-

Mike Always take your mobile phone with you when you go hiking.

John And take one that has a camera.

Mike Hey, I think we should go, John.

John Yes, OK. You think we're going to get lost?

Mike No chance, mate!

Passage2

Social networking - it's the 21st century way of having fun - online. And if you're under 40, you probably use a social networking site - maybe when you should be working. It's well-known that -. office workers spend up to two hours a day on a site, exchanging messages and photos. And do students ever do anything else? Different social networking sites are used by different age groups.

For people in their 20s, the most popular site is Facebook, the online phenomenon started by an American student in 2004. It's taken only four years to make Facebook a huge success - and the website's made its founder, Mark Zuckerberg, a very rich man indeed.

What's extraordinary about Zuckerburg is that he started Facebook when he was only 18. He was a student at Harvard, one of America's top universities, when he launched the Facebook website, working from his college room. In only two weeks, more than two-thirds of his college had signed up and in a year, thousands of colleges were using it. Today, Facebook has millions of users. More than half of them visit the site at least once a day.

So what makes Facebook so special? Like other networking sites, you create a profile with photos, you list your interests, you exchange messages and join groups of friends. But where Facebook is different is that it gives you a privacy that you just don't get on other sites. Unlike other sites, you have a lot of control over what users can see about you. As a result, one-third of Facebook users give out their mobile numbers - they know it's safe to do so.

But you still need to be careful about what you think is safe to show people. One reason is that more and more employers are using Facebook to check out potential employees. Is the person you've just interviewed as good as he seems? Facebook can provide the answer. If a 26-year-old man says on Facebook that he's been travelling round the world for the last three years, and in his interview he said he'd been working in an office - well, he probably won't get the job.

Unit 5 All you need is love

Listening in

Passage 1

Interviewer So - tell us about how you first met.

Amy How we first met... Oh, it wasn't very romantic.

David I thought it was very romantic.

Interviewer Why don't you begin at the beginning?

Amy Good idea. Well, I was 22 and I'd just left uni and I went on holiday to the French Alps with a girlfriend. And someone invited us to go climbing. But my friend got ill so I went without her. There was this group of about eight guys and two girls.

David There were four girls.

Amy Alright! Well, anyway, no one had told me that the mountain we were going to climb was - vertical - and that we

were climbing with ropes! I was terrified, absolutely terrified, I just really hadn't expected it.

David She was terrified! I noticed her immediately. She looked so scared -she was wearing this great hat — but she was white as a sheet.

Amy Oh, I don't know about that, but I remember I was shaking all over. David came over and started talking to me and telling me how safe it was with the ropes. And he was so sweet, you know I think I fell in love with him right then.

David Yeah, it was the same with me ... We roped up and I made sure I stayed next to her ... I kept talking to her and encouraging her.

Amy It really helped. I think I would have fallen off the mountain if you hadn't done that.

David Rubbish! You were perfectly safe. Anyway, we got to the summit — it was a kind of flat area - and Amy just collapsed - she couldn't stand up!

Amy It's true, I couldn't. I felt -1 was just - everyone ignored me except David - everyone.

David Quite a few people came to talk to you.

Amy They didn't!

David They did!

Amy Well, you talked to me, and that's all that mattered.

David Thank you!

Amy So -

David So we climbed back down the mountain.

Amy which was just as bad -

David and we headed for the nearest village and we both had huge pizzas.

Amy I didn't eat a thing! I was still feeling too sick.

David You did, you know.

Amy You know, you have a terrible memory sometimes.

David So do you! ... To cut a long story short, we got married six months later and went on a three-week honeymoon to Barbados.

Amy Two weeks!

David And we've lived happily ever after.

Passage2

Presenter And now let's move on to online dating, a way of meeting a potential partner that's becoming more and more popular. James O'Hanlan and Claire Goodall are two online dating experts who are going to give all you listeners advice about how to use online dating safely and successfully. James ...

James OK. The first thing to say is, don't be nervous. A lot of people are and it's very understandable. But there's no need to be, provided you follow the rules, which we're going to tell you right now. Isn't that right, Claire?

Claire Absolutely.

James So, let's begin at the beginning. When you join an online dating site, the first thing you do is give some basic information about yourself. Now, don't be tempted to lie - about your age, for example. If you want a good relationship, you need to be honest. If you're not, you'll get found out and that could be painful.

Claire Another thing - it's a good idea to use a photo, you'll get many more replies than if you don't.

James But use a recent photo, not one that was taken ten years ago!

Claire Let's move on to the next stage. You've had some responses响应and chosen one or two people you'd like to chat with. Now, the most important advice here is, don't give out any personal information until you're 100 per cent sure you're that happy to do so. That includes your real name, your phone numbers, your workplace address

and your email address. Use the email facility设备at the website and only give out your email address when you feel completely safe.

James And email for as long as you want, it's a great way of getting to know a person. Then, the next stage is to talk on the phone. Now that's very revealing, because you'll hear the person's voice, and also because people have to be spontaneous on the phone - they can't think about what they're going to say for half a day, unlike emails.

Claire Then, if you're feeling really comfortable, agree to meet. But always choose a public place. Don't go to someone's home.

James A cafe or bar is the best choice.

Claire And don't forget to tell a friend where you're going and what time you expect to be back. That's important. James Another good idea is to ask the same friend to call you during the meeting so that if you want to leave quickly you can say that something urgent's come up and you have to go.

Claire That's everything! If you follow this advice you should be perfectly safe. And you may find the man -

James ... or woman —

Claire ... of your dreams!

James & Claire Happy hunting!

Unit 6 Shop fill you drop!

Listening in

Passage 1

Speaker 1]

Interviewer So, how are you enjoying yourself in St Petersburg? What's it like?

Speaker 1 Oh, I think it is a very beautiful place.

Interviewer What sort of... Is it good for shopping? What do you buy in St Petersburg?

Speaker 1 Yes, there are things you should buy. Of course, vodka is very good here and the other thing very expensive is the caviar. It is beautiful. Then there are the dolls. What have do they say? Matrioshka dolls.

Interviewer Matrioshka dolls. Those wooden dolls that go inside each other?

Speaker 1 Yes, you take one out and open the top and there is another one. You take off the top and there is another.

They get very very small inside. Very small.

Interviewer OK.

Speaker 1 And of course, the chess. Because they are very famous here in this part of the world to play the chess. Interviewer Yes. And what sort of shops are there? Where's it best to shop?

Speaker 1 Oh, here there are very good department stores, where you can buy everything that you like, clothes and everything. And also, lots of small kiosks that are very unique独一无二的, owned by different shopkeepers, you know. And they are all over St Petersburg. Little kiosks and also markets that are very good. And there is a very good museum shop at the museum - at the Hermitage Museum.

Interviewer And what are the opening hours?

Speaker 1 At the museum?

Interviewer Well, all shops, generally. What are the opening hours ... for shopping?

Speaker 1 Yes. Usually, they open at around 10 o'clock in the morning and I think they are open to 7 o'clock at night;

sometimes even longer, to 8 o'clock.

Interviewer And how do you, how do you actually buy things? How do you pay for things? I think, there is a slightly different way of doing this in Russia.

Speaker 1 Yes, you point to the thing that you want to buy, which is usually behind the counter or something like that;

and then you go to a cash desk to pay. And then you have to go back to the counter and then you take the thing you have bought.

Interviewer It sounds as though it's quite a long process.

Speaker 1 It is very interesting.

Speaker 2

Interviewer So, how are you enjoying it in Cairo? What's, what's the shopping like?

Speaker 2 Oh, it's fantastic. And the shopping is absolutely great. Um, you can get everything from fantastic little wooden boxes. You can get backgammon boards. You can get all kinds of leather stuff-sandals and so on. Oh, and the thing that they're really famous for here of course, is the water pipes that they call it a sheesha.

Interviewer A sheesha. OK. That's the water pipe.

Speaker 2 That's right, yes. Yes, they like the smoking here.

Interviewer And where are the best places to shop?

Speaker 2 Well, I think the best place actually here is to go, if you go to the mediaeval market. It's a commercial centre in the middle of Cairo and - er - they sell lots of fantastic souvenirs there. You can get spices, er, you can get gold and silver, and copper stuff, and - er - they also sell your fruit and veg.

Interviewer Uh-huh. When does it open? When are the shops open?

Speaker 2 Well, the hours are very good. They open very early in the morning. They stay open till about 10 o'clock at night. You do have to remember, of course, that they take a very long lunch break. So, they are closed for this long time in the afternoon but they, you know, re-open and stay open until late. Oh, and the other thing you have to remember is that they - everything is closed on a Friday.

Interviewer Right, and how do you pay for things? Do you have to bargain for, for goods?

Speaker 2 Well, bargaining is absolutely a sport here. Uh, they, they do prefer cash always. I think some of the tourist shops will take credit cards but only in the tourist shops. When you start the, the bargaining, you've got to be, well, first of all, you've got to be definite and serious about what you're buying. But don't offer anything like the price that they're asking, the original price. You know, go in at about half the price of what they're asking you. Interviewer That's fascinating迷人的. Thanks very much. Thank you.

Speaker 2 That's a great place.

Speaker 3

Interviewer So, how's your visit to Venice? Is it good?

Speaker 3 Oh, amazing. What a place. It's so unique!

Interviewer Have you done any shopping? Is it a good place to shopping?

Speaker 3 Yes, definitely. They're - you must go and see the glass factories on Murano. They're just something else.

Quite expensive but you can get little bits of glass, really nice. Sheets of paper are really nice.

Interviewer Yeah.

Speaker 3 Also, lace is just... exquisite lace.

Interviewer Yes.

Speaker 3 Carnival masks, also. All hand-painted.

Interviewer Yes, Carnival, yes. I've seen this.

Speaker 3 Then, the shops are amazing.

Interviewer And where's the best place to shop in Venice?

Speaker 3 OK, well, the main shopping street is a street from St Mark's Square to the Academmia Bridge. That's the main bit But if you like food, you have to go to the market at the Rialto Bridge. That's just great food. There's not

that many department stores.

Interviewer No.

Speaker 3 There's just not room for them on the island.

Interviewer No. And what time do these shops open and close? What are the opening hours9

Speaker 3 Oh, they open in the morning at about 9 or 9.30. And then they close for lunch 12.30 or 1. They'll reopen again - in the winter, 3.30 to 7.30 and in the summer just a bit later - 4 to 8, say.

Interviewer Right. And how do you pay? Can you use credit cards or do you have to use cash?

Speaker 3 Well, you know, just use cash for the smaller items and they accept credit cards most places for the larger ones, but just make sure you get a receipt.

Interviewer Yeah. And are the shops open all week or is there one day when they ...?

Speaker 3 Yeah, oh, actually, Monday, they are traditionally closed.

Interviewer Yeah, they are closed. Right. Thanks. Well. Sounds very interesting.

Passage 2

Speaker 1 Have you ever gone down to the local supermarket for some milk or bread and come out with far more than you intended打算to buy? Then you've fallen for the top ten tricks to separate you from your money. Here are the top ten tricks to make you shop.

Speaker 2 Number ten. Trolley or basket? Make up your mind.

Speaker 1 If you choose a basket, there'll be some heavy goods by the entrance to make you choose a trolley. If you choose a trolley, there's a chance you'll want to fill it up. Make up your mind what you want to buy before you go into the store.

Speaker 2 Number nine. Watch out, there are vegetables about.

Speaker 1 Supermarkets often put vegetables and fruit near the entrance, so that you fill your trolley with natural, healthy produce and feel good. The problem is, then you don't feel so bad about filling your trolley with unhealthy and expensive items.

Speaker 2 Number eight. If you can't find it, just ask!

Speaker 1 You'll notice that essential items like bread or milk are placed all over the store, so you'll spend more time looking for them. So if you can't find something, ask for help.

Speaker 2 Number seven. Take a shopping list and stick to it!

Speaker 1 Supermarkets often change shelves around, so that you're tempted to buy new products while you're looking for the things on your list. It's easier to resist temptation if you only put in your trolley what you planned to buy. Speaker 2 Number six. Beware of the checkout!

Speaker 1Supermarkets often place sweets and magazines at the checkout, because customers who are bored with waiting often add them to their basket or trolley.

Speaker 2 Number five. Smells good? Don't believe it!

Speaker 1 Many supermarkets pump the smell of freshly baked bread into the store through the air conditioning to make you feel hungry. If you eat before you go, you'll be less tempted to add cakes and snacks to your trolley. Speaker 2 Number four. How free is FREE?

Speaker 1 "Buy one get one free" is a common way to make people think they're getting a bargain. But this kind of offer may not be as good as it sounds. Sometimes it's a way of getting rid of old stock.

Speaker 2 Number three. Look up, look down.

Speaker 1 Eye level is buy level, so don't choose the first product you see, because it's usually the most expensive.

Look for similar products higher up or lower down the shelves.

Speaker 2 Number two. Beware of loss leaders.

Speaker 1 Large supermarkets often reduce the price of key items, such as a popular brand of cereals or the latest films on DVD. They're designed to bring people into the shop, because they believe everything will be cheaper. Speaker 2 And our number one top tip for supermarket shoppers. Stay at home and shop online.

Speaker 1 Many large supermarkets allow you to shop from the comfort of your own home, and will even deliver it to your door. If you shop online, you'll avoid all those expensive supermarket tricks. And even if there's a delivery charge, it will cost less than going to the supermarket and doing your shopping yourself.

Unit 7 Family affairs

Listening in

Passage 1

Host There's a question that's been argued about for a long time. Which is more important, your family environment or your genes? Well, a story has come up in the news about identical twins, separated at birth. They've just been reunited - and guess what - there are some amazing coincidences in their life stories.

Here's the story - two American girls called Tamara and Adriana were separated at birth and adopted by two different sets of parents. And this is where the coincidences begin. Both families ended up living 25 miles apart.

Both girls decided to study psychology at universities that are only a mile apart from each other. Isn't that strange?

And this girl, who's a friend of both of them, insists they meet. Just before they meet, Adriana's mother tells her that she has a twin sister. Can you imagine how that must feel when you're 20 years old to learn you have a twin?

And when the girls meet, it's like looking in a mirror - they're identical! Now get this! Both Tamara and Adriana's adoptive fathers died when the girls were children. Both girls fell through glass doors at the age of five - that's hard to believe, isn't it? Their boyfriends look alike and have similar names - Alex and Adam. And this is the best part - both of them have the same recurring dream. Isn't that incredible - they have the same dream!

I think it's an amazing story. So, for all those of you out there who have comments, and I'm sure you do, the lines

are open. OK, we've got Josh on the line. Hi Josh!

Josh Hi.

Host So, what do you make of this story?

Josh It's a great story but it doesn't surprise me at all. I'm an identical twin.

Host You are?

Josh Yeah, my brother's called Toby, and we're 22, and we're going out with two sisters ... and we're having a double wedding next June.

Host Congratulations! So-what do you think-is it our genes that decide who we are? These kind of stories seem to suggest it.

Josh Well, I'm not a scientist, but I think so.

Host Research tells us that it's about fifty-fifty.

Josh I, I disagree.

Host Thanks Josh. OK, our next caller is ...

Passage 2

Part 1

Voice-over Kidney transplants are of two kinds -transplants from dead people and living transplants, transplants from people who are alive. Mostly the donor, the person who gives the kidney, is a relative - a parent, brother or sister.

We all recognize that it's one of the most selfless things a person can do, to give a kidney to someone, but as the operation becomes safer and safer, more and more people are doing it. We talked to two sisters who have had the

experience -Henrietta Longmore, a journalist aged 40, married with one son, and her sister, Teresa Parker, aged 38, married with two children. They come from a family with four children. Here's their story.

Teresa Henrietta and I were close as children. She was the big sister and she was -just like a mother to us younger kids.

Our parents were both doctors and our mum was very busy.

We were close right through our teenage years. And then we shared a flat and had a lot of the same friends. It was great.

Henrietta Yes, we've always been close. I felt very protective of my brother and sisters because, like Teresa says, our parents were always so busy. But I also felt a bit jealous of Teresa - she was my dad's favourite -but it didn't affect our relationship.

Teresa Henrietta got kidney failure five years ago, but for several years she was fine and seemed quite healthy. Henrietta Yes, I never thought of asking my family for a kidney. The hospital was brilliant and I really did feel fine, most of the time.

Part 2

Teresa But then a year ago she became very ill and almost died. I was terrified. I knew if she died, I'd blame myself.

You know, why I hadn't done more to help her. So I decided to find out more about giving her a kidney. Henrietta Yes, I did almost die. It was awful. I, I was never going to ask Teresa for a kidney but I kind of knew that she would offer. To be honest, I felt I would have done the same.

Teresa Yes. At first I was a bit scared. But we went for a three-hour talk at the hospital and it was very reassuring. My whole family came. And they felt OK about it too, which was very important.

Henrietta People don't know that you only need ten per cent of one kidney to be completely healthy, and kidney donors often live longer than other people.

Teresa Yes, you have to be very healthy to give a kidney. The hospital makes sure of that. Anyway, after the operation

I got better very fast - probably because you know you've done something worthwhile and it does make you feel

very good.

Henrietta I can't describe how grateful I feel to Teresa. It's such an amazing thing to do. What can I say? Her courage was, was extraordinary. She just didn't seem afraid at all.

Teresa You do get a lot of praise for doing something like this. I'd like to do something that no one knows about.

Unit 8 Arrivals and departures

Listening in

Passage 1

Part 1

Matt So how was your visit to the USA? How did you get on?

Caroline Well, it was great. A bit difficult at the start, but it got better.

Matt So what happened?

Caroline Well, I started my trip in New York, but the trouble was I forgot to ring my friend Dave before I left London and ask him to meet me. Then, just as the plane was landing at New York airport, this French businessman sitting next to me called Serge, gave me a warning, "You shouldn’t arrive in New York alone." This made me a bit worried, but I was going to call Dave as soon as I arrived, so I hoped I'd be OK. But when we got off the plane, I was feeling a bit nervous. As soon as I walked out into the arrivals hall this crowd of people surrounded me. And when Serge disappeared, I did feel lonely and rather foolish.

Matt I can see why.

Caroline And when I saw a smiling group of new arrivals, you know, tourists from England, I wanted to join them.

Just as I was starting to panic, someone tapped me on the shoulder. It was Serge. I was so relieved.

Matt Thank heavens for strange men!

Caroline Exactly! But when I called Dave from Serge's office, he was out. It was late by now so I had to find a hotel.

Serge told his driver to take me to a hotel in the Bronx. As soon as I got out of the car, two policemen in a police car stopped me and asked what I was doing in the district区域as it was dangerous at night. And at the reception 接待desk, when I explained that I was on my own, they didn't want to give me a room.

Matt So what did you do?

Caroline Well, I had to wait at reception until the school in Albany, where I was going to work, sent an email. When the hotel knew what I was doing in the States, I got a room.

Part 2

Caroline Well, in the end I got in touch with Dave and spent the next few nights with his family. But it was cold, and a freezing cold wind was blowing all the time.

Matt But it all went better for you after that?

Caroline Well, yes, until one morning I decided to go for a walk. I was really enjoying the fresh air, when I realized that

I was lost. Then I found a street, which looked like the one the fiat was on ... but then I found another one, and

another one.

Matt Oh no! You must have been very frightened!

Caroline Well, I was. I couldn't remember the address of the flat. It was freezing cold, minus 12 degrees. I was standing by the side of the road, praying that Dave would . send out a search party when suddenly a car stopped, and the driver said, "Taxi?" I was so relieved. Within a couple of minutes I was drinking tea with Dave and the driver back home. His name was Kevin and he was on his way to work. He wasn't a taxi driver at all.

Matt Was he a friend of Dave's?

Caroline No, just someone who was going to work when he saw someone looking lost, I think. They can be very friendly, the Americans.

Part3

Caroline I then took the train to Albany. No one was waiting for me at the station, although the school where I was working was going to send someone. I later learnt that the person didn't recognize me because I was wearing a thick coat and a warm hat. So I took a taxi to the school, where I met one of the other teachers, Rebecca. She invited me to stay with her. She lived in a fiat near the school, which she was sharing with three other people. I didn't have much money, because I hadn't been paid yet, and I wasn't living on the school campus, so I tried to find some cheap food in the evenings. There was an old man selling hot dogs on a street corner. By the end of the first week, he greeted me and had a hot dog and coffee ready for me. Ah, it was an amazing experience.

Passage 2

There was this man, and he's riding his bike along the road, heading towards the border between Mexico and the United States. So he comes up to the border, and this guard stops him. And he points to two sacks the man has on his shoulders.

"What's in the bags?" says the guard.

"Sand," says the man on the bike.

So the guard says, "Sand? Get them off your shoulders. We'll take a look."

So the man on the bike did as he was told, emptied the sacks, and poured the sand on the ground.

"Sure enough, it's nothing but sand," says the guard, and the man on the bike loads the sand back into the sacks, puts them on his shoulders and goes across the border.

Anyway, two weeks later, the man on the bike turns up at the border again, on his bike with two sacks on his shoulders.

So the guard says, "What's in the sacks?" The man takes them off his shoulders, pours the sand onto the ground, puts the sand back in the sacks, puts the sacks on his shoulders, gets back on his bike and goes across the border.

This goes on every week for six months, man on the bike, guard at the border, sacks on the man's shoulders, sand on the ground, sand back in the sacks, man across the border ... until one day the man on the bike with the sand bags doesn't turn up.

A few days later, the guard happens to meet the man on the bike downtown. "Say friend, you sure made us crazy," says the guard. "We knew you were smuggling something across the border. I won't say a word - but what is it you were smuggling?"

The man on the bike says, "Bicycles!"

Passage 3

Speaker 1 I don't know if I've told you, but apparently this is a true story. There's this small airline somewhere in New Zealand, I think, and it uses planes that carry about seven or eight passengers. So you sit just behind the pilot and get a really good view.

Speaker 2 Yeah, I get the picture.

Speaker 1 Anyway, the passengers are told to board the plane, and they climb in, you know, not much room. And they sit there waiting. A few minutes later the last passenger, a really cool-looking guy, turns up and takes his seat, and they all wait for the pilot to arrive and take off. And they wait. And they wait some more. And they're still waiting, not long, you know, a few minutes, but just enough to make them wonder where the pilot is. Then the cool-looking guy at the back starts looking at his watch, and saying, "Well, where's the pilot? We're going to be late." And they wait a bit longer, and the guy says, "I've got some people to meet, and I don't want to miss my appointment." And they wait some more, and the pilot still doesn't turn up. So this guy says, "Right, I'm not going to wait any longer, if we don't have a pilot, I'm going to take off and fly this plane myself.

Speaker 2 What?

Speaker 1 Exactly, and everyone is going ... duh? What's happening? And this guy gets into the pilot seat, turns on the engine, starts heading for the runway ... and takes off.

Speaker 2 I don't believe it!

Speaker 1 Yeah, well nor did the passengers. But the funny thing is ...

Speaker 2 What?

Speaker 1 Apparently, the cool-looking guy really is the pilot. He plays the same trick on passengers fairly often because he gets bored with doing the same flight every day.

Unit 9 Body and mind

Listening in

Passage 1

In 1812 a young man called James Barry finished his studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. After graduating he moved to London where he studied surgery at Guy's Hospital. After that, the popular young doctor joined the army and over the next 40 years had a brilliant career as an army medical officer, working in many far off countries and fighting successfully for improved conditions in hospitals. It was a remarkable career - made even more

remarkable by the discovery upon his death that James Barry had kept an extraordinary secret.

Barry was a pleasant and good-humoured person with high cheek bones, red hair, a long nose and large eyes. He was well-liked by his patients and had a reputation for great speed at surgery — an important quality at a time when operations were performed without anaesthetic. He was also quick-tempered. When he was working in army hospitals and prisons overseas, the terrible conditions often made him very angry. He fought hard against injustice and cruelty and his temper sometimes got him into trouble with the authorities. After a long career overseas he returned to London where he died in 1865.

So was this the end of the story? Not quite. When they were preparing his body for his funeral, they discovered James Barry's secret. HE was in fact a SHE. James Barry was a woman.

No one was more surprised at this discovery than her many friends and colleagues. It was true that throughout her life people had remarked on her small size, slight build and smooth pale face. One officer had even objected to her appointment as a medical assistant because he couldn't believe that Barry was old enough to have graduated in medicine. But no one seriously suggested that Barry was anything other than a man.

So why did James Barry deceive people for so long? At that time, a woman couldn't study medicine, work as a doctor or join the army. Perhaps Barry had always wanted to do these things and pretending to be a man was the only way to make it possible. Perhaps she was going to tell the truth one day, but didn't because she was enjoying her life as a man too much. By the time it was discovered that she was the first woman in Britain to have qualified as a doctor, it was too late for the authorities to do anything about it.

Passage 2

Speaker 1

Interviewer Tell me about medical care in Britain. What happens when you need to go to the doctor?

Speaker 1 Well, first of all, you need to register with your local doctor. And, then of course, if you need to see him or her, you have to phone in and make an appointment which can be two or three days later. But, of course, if you have an accident and it's more urgent, you go to a department called the Accident and Emergency Department, which is usually in a hospital. And, if it's really urgent, someone will call a number, which is 999 here in Britain and you, er, get an ambulance.

Interviewer What about getting medicine? Do you get it from the doctor or do you get it from the chemist? Speaker 1 Well, you actually get the medicine itself from the chemist but the doctor has to prescribe the medicine first.

So, you then take the prescription to the chemist's and the chemist then gives you your medicine. The medicine isn't actually at the doctor's surgery.

Interviewer Right. Right. What happens about paying for medical care? How do you pay for medical treatment? Speaker 1 Ah, yea. You don't pay the doctor. The payment is covered by taxes or medical agreements between the UK and your country. But you pay a fixed charge for the medicine.

Interviewer Right.

Speaker 1 That you're prescribed.

Interviewer I see, yes. And what happens if... you know, I hope it never happens. What happens if you, you stay in hospital?

Speaker 1 Well, if you are seriously ill, you will stay in hospital and your family and friends can visit and come and see how you are but they don't usually stay actually overnight with you. And they don't need to bring you food or anything. Or look after you. I mean everything is done for you in the hospital, really.

Interviewer I see. I see.

Speaker 2

Interviewer Tell me about medical care in the States. What do you do when you need to go to a doctor?

Speaker 2 OK, well, when you arrive, you choose your doctor. And, it doesn't have to be you know, exactly where you're staying -just anywhere that is convenient for you.

Interviewer Uh-huh. And do you get these tests and treatment at the doctor's surgery?

Speaker 2 You do indeed. The doctor will do a lot of tests on you. It's very high-tech care. They have to consider every possibility that could occur with any illness.

Interviewer I see. Yeah.

Speaker 2 On the other hand, if it's an emergency, if you have an accident, you call 911 and an ambulance will come and take you to your nearest hospital.

Interviewer And what about getting medicine? Do you get the medicine at the doctor's or ...?

Speaker 2 Yeah, you do. The doctor writes all the prescriptions for you and then you take it to the pharmacy to pick it up. And you will pay the full price for every bit of medicine that you get...

Interviewer I see. So, it's quite expensive.

Speaker 2 Yes, it certainly is.

Interviewer I mean, how do you pay for it?

Speaker 2 Well, that is a problem for some people. I mean, we do not have a national health plan here in the USA. So, you really do have to have medical insurance. You see, you know, you can be refused admission to a hospital if you don't have insurance. It's an absolute nightmare. And then you have to pay for absolutely everything. You pay for your x-rays, for your medicine, for your tests; you know for the care, for everything. And, of course, well you do get it back from your insurance company.

Interviewer If you pay an insurance premium ...

Speaker 2 Well, that is the thing. You absolutely -it's compulsory - you have to have it.

Interviewer Right. And what about staying in hospital? What are American hospitals like?

Speaker 2 Well, they're very good. They're very quiet and calm. Sick people need to rest and they do not encourage large groups of people. They keep visiting hours very short.

Interviewer I see. OK. Thank you.

Speaker 2 You're welcome.

Unit 10 Environmental matters

Listening in

Passage 1

Bridget These days everyone is talking about building houses that are eco-friendly - houses that use energy as efficiently as possible. But although there's a lot of talk about eco-houses, not many people have actually built one.

Today we talk to a young couple who have done exactly that. Jacky and Lenny Carter are in their 30s with one child, and their house in west Wales is a splendid example of what an eco-house should be. I'm here now at their house and they're going to show me round it.

Jacky Hi, Bridget.

Lenny Welcome.

Bridget It's great to see you. It's quite cold out here.

Lenny Yes, do you want to come in?

Bridget I'd love to, but can we look at the outside of the house first?

Lenny Sure.

Bridget It's very attractive. It's built of timber and it's two storeys high.

Jacky Yes, we got the timber from Sweden, where they know how to build wooden houses, but it's reclaimed wood,

新标准大学英语视听说教程听力原文Unit+

新标准大学英语视听说 教程听力原文U n i t+ Document number【AA80KGB-AA98YT-AAT8CB-2A6UT-A18GG】

Unit 1-Conversation 1**(1)Janet: So this is the Cherwell Boathouse — it's lovely! And look at those people punting! It looks quite easy. Mark: I'm not so sure about that! Janet, there's something Kate and I wanted to discuss with you. Some people in college are organizing charity events this term. We've decided to get involved. Janet: Raising money for charity Right. In China, people raise money for charity but students don't usually do that. Mark: Students often do that here. Anyway, we're thinking of doing sponsored punting. Janet: Sponsored punting! What's that Kate: Sponsoring is when people pay you to do something — like run a long distance. So people would be sponsoring students to punt. Janet: What a great idea! I'd love to join you! Mark: That's why we're telling you about it. So that's decided then. Let's make a list of things we need to do. Kate: I'll do that. One of the first things we should do is choose the charity. Mark: Yes. And choose a day for the event. And we need to design the sponsorship form. I've got one here. Kate: That looks fine, but we must change the wording. Who wants to do that Mark: I'll do that. What have we got so far Kate: Choose a charity. Also a day for the event. Change the wording on the sponsorship form... Um ...

新标准大学英语视听说教程 听力原文 Unit new

Unit 4-Conversation 1 Kate: So, what did you think of the movie? Mark: It was good but I thought it was too long. Kate: Yes, me too. Kate: Hey, where's my bike? I don't believe it! It's gone! Mark: It was next to mine, you chained it up! Kate: Someone's stolen it! Oh, how could they! Mark: Oh, Kate! Kate: How could someone have done this! The creep! Mark: It's a really mean thing to do, steal a bike. Kate: It was a mountain bike and it cost a fortune —I don't have the money to buy another one. Mark: Listen, I'll go down the street and see if I can see anyone with it. Why don't you go into that shop and see if they've seen anything suspicious? I'll be back in a minute. Kate: OK. Kate: Well? Ma rk: No luck. What did they say in the shop? Kate: I asked the shopkeeper if she'd seen anything — Mark: And? Kate: She said she hadn't. I guess it was a long shot. She advised me to report it to the police. But according to her, bikes get stolen all the time around here.

新标准大学英语视听说教程听力原文

Unit 6-Conversation 1 Janet: What are you reading, Kate Kate:Alice in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll. Do you know it Janet: I've heard of it, yes, but I've never read it. It's a 19th century children's story, isn't it K a te: That's right. It's very famous. It's set in Oxford. It starts with this young girl sitting on a river bank. The interesting thing is, the author, Lewis Carroll, he was an Oxford professor and he used to have tea with the girl's family on this river bank. Ja net: Oh, that's fascinating! I'll put it into my diary. Kate: Is that what you're writing I know you've been keeping a diary all the year. Janet: It's been a great year. I've had such a good time — so lucky to have Mark and Kate as friends. Feel I've been doing well with work. Much happier about asking questions in tutorials. Janet: My screen's gone dark. Mark: You're using the battery, remember. It's run out, obviously. Janet: It can't be the battery. It's still charged. Oh no it's still black. Oh dear, I hope it's nothing serious. I haven't backed anything up recently. Kate: That's not like you, Janet. Janet:I know, but I lost my memory stick. I really should have backed things up. How stupid of me not to do that! Supposing I've lost everything! Mark: Let me take a look. The power is still on. And also the operating system still seems to be working ... I think it has to be the graphics card ... But maybe that's not the problem ... Janet: If only I'd backed things up! Kate: Relax, Janet! We'll take it to the computer shop this afternoon. I'm sure it'll be OK. Janet: I hope so. Unit 6-Conversation 2 Janet: Tell me about Alice in Wonderland. Kate: I tell you what, I'll read it to you. Kate: Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank and having nothing to do: Once or twice, she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, "and what is the use of a book," thought Alice, "without pictures or conversation" So she was considering in her own mind (as well as she could, for the hot day made her feel very sleepy and stupid) ... Janet: Kate, Mark, where are you going You've got my laptop! Kate: It's all right, Janet, we're taking it to the computer shop. We'll be back soon. Mark: It's not like Janet to forget to back up her work. Kate: She should have been more careful. Janet: It was stupid of me, I know! Stupid, stupid! Janet: Oh! It was a dream! What a relief! Kate: You were talking in your sleep. Janet: What was I saying Kate: "Stupid, stupid." M ark: I've sorted out your computer. Janet: Have you Oh, thank goodness! What was the problem Mark:It was the graphics card, as I predicted ... Janet: Is that what it was! I'm so relieved! Thanks, Mark. Kate: He's great, isn't he Janet: Yes. So are you, Kate. Kate: You're such a good friend. Unit 6-Outside view Computers are a very important part of our lives. They tell us about delays to transport. They drive trains, analyze evidence and control buildings. Did you know that 60 per cent of homes in Britain have got a PC (a personal computer) For many young people, playing computer games is their favorite way of spending spare time. Computers are a very important part of most areas of life in Britain-libraries, the police and in school. But they are becoming more important in our homes as well. They’ll even control the way we live-in “smart homes” or computer-controlled houses. The smart home is now a real possibility. It will become very common. A central computer will adjust the temperature, act as a burglar alarm and switch on lights, ready for you to come back home. And of course you will be able to give new instructions to the computer from your mobile phone. So if your plans change, your home will react to match. Many homes have got lots of televisions and several computers. The smart home will provide TV and Internet sockets in every room, so you’ll be able to do what you want whenever you want. If the temperature outside changes, the smart home will adjust the temperature levels inside. The computer will also close the blinds when it gets dark or to stop so much sun from entering a room. And if you want to eat when you get home, the computer will turn the oven on for you! Are computers taking over our lives In a survey, 44 per cent of young people between 11 and 16 said their PC was a trusted friend. Twenty per cent said they were happier at their computer than spending time with family or friends. Another survey found that people in Britain spend so much time on the phone, texting and reading emails that they no longer have time for conversation. What do you think about that Unit 6-Listening in

新标准大学英语视听说答案

New Standard English Book 4 Unit 1 Inside view Conversation 1 2. Janet : go back to China,do my master’s (which means going back to university),live in London,become a teacher,work in publishing,apply for a job at London Time Off,update my CV and look for jobs together. Andy: leave London,go to China,look for jobs together. 3. the true statements are 2 and 8. Conversation 2 5. 1.Joe was a gofer before he became a researcher for Lift Off UK. 2.Andy wants Joe’s job as a producer. 6. 1(d) 2(d) 3(a) 4(c) 7. 1 It’s not always very easy working with 2.How did he end up in London 3.the least experienced person 4.He’s good at his job 5.He’s confident and very competent 6.I get on with him quite well Everyday English 8. 1(b) 2(b) 3(a) 4(a) 5(b) Outside view 2. the true statements Samantha agrees with are:1,2,3 and 4. 4. 1.She needs to improve her interview techniques to help her to get a job 2.She doesn’t know how to answer the questions and give answers that might lead her failure in a job interview. 3.She doesn’t understand what the interviewer is actually looking for. 4.That you need to be well prepared for an interview. It boils down to preparation,presentation and understanding what the interviewer is looking for. 5. 1.professional job coach 2.research on the position and the company 3.having not practised with some of the questions 4.how you present yourself 5.what the interviewer is actually looking for 6.preparation,presentation and understanding 7.in relationship to the job 8.some examples in your life 9.dealing with problems 7. the pieces of advice the speakers give are:1,3,5,7,8,9,10 and 11. Listening in Passage 1

大学英语视听说教程原文及标准答案

大学英语视听说教程原文及答案

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Uint1 II. Basic Listening Practice 1. Script M: I’m beside myself with joy. I’m so lucky. Guess what? I’ve won a lit o f money in the lottery. W: Yeah? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right? Q: What does the woman mean? 2. Script W: Mary was furious. Her son wrecked up her car. M: He shouldn’t have driven a car without a driver’s license. He‘s stil l taking driving lesson. Q: What do we know about Mary’s son? 3. Script M: Susan, I hear you’re going to marry that guy. Some people think you’ll regret it. W: Is that so? Only time tell. Q: What does the woman imply? 4. Script M: Mary, I just want to say how sorry I was to learn of your mother’s passing. I know how close you two were? W: Thank you. It was so sudden. I’M still in a state of shock I don’t know what to do. Q: Which of following is true? 5. Script W: I get furious at work when my opinions a ren’t considered just because I’m a woman. M: You should air your view more emphatically and demand that your vice be heard. Q: What is the woman complaining about? Keys: 1.C 2.B 3. D 4.A 5.D III. Listening In Task 1: Soft answers turn away wrath. Mary: Da m! You’re spilled red wine on me. My new dress is ruined. John: I’ m terrible sorry! What can I do to help? Here’s some water to wash it off. Mary: Stop splashing water on me! Oh, this is so embarrassing! I’m a mess. John: Well, you do look a little upset. Please don’t blow up. Don’t lose your cool. Mary: Hmm, you’ve got the nerve talking like that! Who shouldn’t fly off the handle? This dress cost a fortune. John: You look really cute when you’re mad. I kid you not. Some people do look attractive when they are in a rage. Mary: This is very expensive dress. I saved for months to buy it, and now it’s ruined. Look at this stain! John: Accidents do happen. Give me your dress, and I’ll take it to the cleaners. Mary: Sure! You want me to take it off right here in public and give it to you? I don’t even know you! John: This might be a really goof time to get acquainted. I’m John Owen. Mary: Mmm, at least you’re polite. I guess I really shouldn’t have flared up. After all, it was an accident. I’m Mary Harvey. John: Come on. I’ll take you home. You can change your clothes, and I’ll get the dress cleaned for you. Mary: Now you’re talking. Thanks. You’re a real gentleman. John: You’d better believe it. I’m glad to see that you’ve cooled down. Feel look a bite to eat aft erward? I’m starving. Mary: Ok. You’re pretty good. I’m not nearly as mad. If you can get this stain out, I’ll be very happy. John: I’ll try my best. But if I can’t get the stain out, please don’t let your happiness turn to wrath. 1. Which of the following would be the best title for the dialog? 2. Why does the woman get angry? 3. What does the man say to please the woman when she looks angry? 4. Why does the woman say the man is a real gentleman? 5. What is the man’s final proposal? Keys: 1D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C Task 2: Big John is coming! Script A bar owner in the Old West has just hired a timid bartender. This (S1) owner of the establishment is giving his new hire some instructions on (S2) running the place. He tells the timid man, “If you ever hear that Big John is coming to town, (S3) drop everything and run for the hills! He’s the biggest, nastiest (S4) outlaw who’s ever lived!” A few weeks pass (S5) uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhand comes running through town (S6) yel ling, “Big John is coming! Run for your (S7) lives!” When the bartender leaves the bar to start running, he is knocked to the ground by several townspeople rushing out of town. (S8) As he’s picking himself up, he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall. H e’s muscular, and is growing as he approaches the bar. He steps up to the door, orders the poor barkeep inside, and demands, “I want a beer NOW!” He strikes his heavy fist on the bar, splitting it in half. (S9) The bartender nervously hands the big man a beer, hands shaking. He takes the beer, bites the top of the bottle off, and downs the beer in one gulp. As the terrified bartender hides behind the bar, the big man gets up to leave, “Do you want another beer?” the bartender asks in a trembling voice.“Dang it, I don’t have time!” the big man yells, (S10) “I got to get out of town! Don’t you hear Big John is coming?” Task3: A View of Happiness Script Dr. Smith has proposed a reasonable, if perhaps somewhat oversimplifies, view of happiness. According to his theory, happiness might be described as a state if balance. And when human or certain animals achieve that balance, they rend to remain in that condition in order to repeat the happy feeling. To illustrate this, we may study two magnets. When their positive and negative poles meet, they are comfortably joined, and they remain there. In other words, they have attained a balance or state of happiness. If on the other hand, one of the poles is reversed, and positive pole is presses against positive pole, there is resistance, instability, imbalance a state of unhappiness. Animals with some degree of intelligence seem to find happiness in reinforcement. Once they have gained one or more of their goals such as food, and water, they learn to repeat the actions that led to satisfaction of those goals. This repetition or reinforcement produces a state of balance or sense of happiness. According to this theory, only animals with a

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