新概念英语第三册的课文 (8)

Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times. They will hardly know which facts to

select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. What is more, they will not have to rely solely on the written word. Films, videos, CDs and CD-ROMS are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have. They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available. Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.

Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.

Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusks of mammoths. The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon. It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar. It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing. It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them. It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

calendar

n. 历法，日历

historian

n. 历史学家

unique

adj. 无与伦比的

steadily

adv. 不断地

solely

adv. 唯一地

video

n. 录像

CD-ROOM

n. （只读）光盘驱动器

bewilder

v. 令人眼花缭乱

deduce

v. 推断，推理

scanty

adj. 不足的，贫乏的

clue

n. 线索

insignificant adj. 不重要的

shed

v. 使流出，泻

advent

n. 出现，到来，来临

agriculture

n. 农业

assumption

n. 假定，设想

dot

n. 小圆点

symbol

n. 符号

engrave

v. 雕刻

ivory

n. 象牙制品

mammoth

n. （古）长毛象

tusk

n. 獠牙，长牙，象牙

nomad

n. 游牧民

correlate

v. 使相互联系

phase

n. 月相，天相

primitive

adj. 原始的

depict

v. 描画，描绘

参考译文

未来的历史学家在写我们这一段历史的时候会别具一格。对于逐渐积累起来的庞大材料，他们几乎不知道选取哪些好，而且，也不必完全依赖文字材料。电影、录像、光盘和光盘驱动器只是能为他们提供令人眼花缭乱的大量信息的几种手段。他们能够身临其境般地观看我们做事，倾听我们讲话。但是，历史学家企图重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务，他们必须根据现有的不充分的线索进行推理。即使看起来微不足道的遗物，也可能揭示人类早期历史的一些有趣的内容。

历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的，因为当时人们面临着了解四季的实际需要，但近期科学研究发现，好像这种假设是不正确的。

长期以来，历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。这些痕迹是游牧人留下的，他们生活在从公元前约35，000年到公元前10，000年的冰川期的末期，以狩猎、捕鱼为生。历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究，终于弄懂了这种费解的代码。他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮圆缺有关，事实上是一种最原始的日历。大家早就知道，画在墙上的狩猎图景并不是单纯的艺术表现形式，它们有着一定的含义，因为它们已接近古代人的文字形式。有时，这种图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存，它们之间可能有一定的联系。看来人类早就致力于探索四季变迁了，比人们想像的要早20,000年。

New words and expression 生词和短语

calendar n.历法，日历

Calender n.轮压机

historian n.历史学家

historic adj.有历史意义的

-- This is a historic speech.

historical adj.与历史研究有关系的

-- Historical research 历史研究

unique adj.无与伦比的，独一无二,

=uneauqaled speech is a unique human ability

-- 本身具有比较意义，不能接受比较级，可以接受

quite,nearly,surely,really ，不能接受rather,very等词的修饰

special adj. 注重性质特殊

especial adj.强调超过其它全部

-- This is a matter of especial importance.

-- This is a especially important matter.

particular adj.特定的

--Pineapples have particular flavour.

exceptional adj.

extraordinary adj.

-- The warm weather is exceptional for January.

steadily adv.不断地

solely adv.唯一地

video n.录像

CD-ROM n.光盘驱动器

bewilder v.令人眼花缭乱

= confuse,especially by lots of different things at the same time

-- She was bewildered by so many beautiful dresses.

puzzle 某问题因复杂、微妙而令人费解，既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态。-- I am puzzled by the problem.

perplex 难以理解（包含焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意思）,多用于被动语态。-- He is perplexed for the answer.

bewilderment n.

in bewilderment 茫然不知所措

deduce v 推断，推理（有充分的证据和准则而得出结论）

= determine or decied sth by given fact

-- I deduce the conclusion from the given facts. (deduce……from 从……推断)

infer v.推断（不表示过程, 也不表示结论是否有充足的理由）

-- What can you infer from the text?

反义词：

-- induce v.归纳

scanty a.不足的，贫乏的

= too few,not enough

-- scanty knowledge一知半解

-- a scanty crop歉收

-- be scanty of sth奇缺 / be short of 短缺

-- The village school is scanty of text books.这乡村学校奇缺教材。

be want of 需要

in need of 需要

clue n.线索

insignificant adj.不重要的

shed v.使流出，泻

= pour out

-- shed tears泪流满面

-- shed light发光

-- shed light on sb启发，启迪

-- shed one’s blood for country为祖国而流血

-- shed one’s clothes脱去衣服

advent :出现，到来，来临,经常与the 搭配，只要指节气，重要发展的到来，来临。

= coming or arrival

-- at the advent of winter在冬天到来的时候

-- since the advent of 自从……的到来

agriculture n.农业 assumption n.假定，设想

dot n.小圆点 symbol n.符号

engrave v.雕刻 ivory n.象牙制品

mammoth n.长毛象 tusk n.獠牙，长牙

nomad n.游牧民 correlate v.使相互联系

phase n.月相，天相 primitive adj.原始的

depict v.描绘，描画

Text 课文

They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.

Select…from从中进行选择

Choose 挑选（凭个人意愿），它不仅强调做这个决定的行动，而且强调最后的决定。

有三种情况二者不能互换：

1> 当在两者中选一个时只能用choose, 即choose between

-- We have to choose between leaving early and paying for taxi.

2> choose 可带wh从句

-- I`ll let you choose where we should go to eat.

3> choose to do 只能用choose

其二 select比choose更正式

What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word.

what is more 更有甚者，起到承接上下文的作用,是furthermore,moreover的意思

what is worse 更糟糕的是

rely on = count on = depend on 依靠、指望

-- you can`t rely on others.

-- He can`t be relied on / depended on / counted on.

solely adv.唯一地

=only , just , nearly

They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.

in action 行动中的，活动中的

as it were 可以说，似乎，好象，是一个插入语，在语法上是一个独立成分，可以用于任何时态语句中。

-- He is as it were a walking dictionary. 他可以说是一本活字典。

-- Computers can never as it were lead independent lives. 电脑不能过独立的生活。

As it is = in fact = in reality = actually = as a matter of fact 事实上

-- I thought things would get better,but as it is ,they are getting worse.

-- In many ways children live as it were in a different world from the adults.

在许多方面，孩子可以说过着一种与大人完全不同的生活。

But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.

be faced with 面临

= be in the position in which one must deal with a problem or unpleasant situation

-- Automobile industry is faced with a bad future now.

-- A great many people are faced with losing their jobs.

-- In my opinion,you are faced with a problem as it were how to get enough time to study English.

文中attempting to reconstruct the distant past现在分词修饰the historian，所以句子可转换为：

But the historian who is attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.

-- The student attempting to learn Eghlish well in a year is faced with a difficult task.

He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.

available adj.可利用的

-- I have a dictionary available for you .

-- is there a place available for us to have a chat?

-- I know you are in need of a help,but excuse me,I don`t have any students available for you.

Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.

remains = ruins 遗迹，遗物

insignificant = unimportant 不重要的

shed light on = throw light on = cast light on解释，说明，揭示

= make a matter clear or understood

-- This information shed light on the problem.

-- Can you shed light on the case of the fire? 你能够解释这次火灾吗？

-- She will shed light on the case of stolen jewels.

Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons.

up to now = so far 到目前为止

come into being = come into existence 产生，出现

come into 的用法：

-- come into power 上台

-- come into use 开始使用

be faced with a real need to do sth. 面临着做某事的真正需要

-- We are faced with a real need to learn English well.

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

Comprehension

1… 正确答案：B 根据课文内容选择

2… 正确答案：D 同上

3… 正确答案：A 同上

Structure

4… 正确答案：D

用将来时态才与原文相符合

5… 正确答案：C

原句中缺少主语，由what 引导一个简单句做主语从句

6… 正确答案：B

code 指 the markings ；现在分词做状语

7… 正确答案：C

强调二者之间有联系，故排除A，而C选项表示有可能联系，语气不肯定，符合题目要求。

Vocabulary

8… 正确答案：B

puzzle out:to find answer by thinking hard

9… 正确答案：A

同义词

10… 正确答案：A

令人费解的：puzzling ;符号signs 代替了code,而不是singal,singal 表示信号。

11… 正确答案：C

A选项，come to 必须接动词原形，如come to record / come to exist

C 选项，come into existence(existence n.)

12… 正确答案：A

nomands:move from place to place

新概念英语第三册课堂笔记：第39课

新概念英语第三册课堂笔记：第39课Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心 【New words and expressions】生词和短语 ●rough adj. 崎岖不平的 ●boulder n. 大石块 ●pit v. 使得坑坑洼洼 ●perturb v. 使不安 ●underestimate v. 低估 ●swerve v. 争转变 ●scoop v. 挖出 ●hammer v. （用锤）击打，锤打 ●ominously adv. 有预兆的，不祥的 ●rip v. 划破，撕，扯 ●petrol n. 汽油 ●stretch n. 一大片（平地或水） ●obstacle n. 障碍 ●clump n. 丛，簇 ●fissure n. （石、地的）深缝 ●renew v. 重复 ●pleading n. 恳求

●gear n. （汽车）排档 ●astride prep. 骑，跨 ●crack n. 缝隙 ●zigzag n. “之”字形 ●shallo w adj. 浅的 ●grind (ground, ground ) v. 磨擦 ●halt n. 停 ●dashboard n. （汽车上的）仪表盘 ■rough adj. 崎岖不平的 Eg：We’d better not take the rough road. be rough on sb. 对某人苛刻，无礼 Don’t be rough on your friends. cut up rough 发脾气 L38-05_39-01 end 9’11” L39-02 begin 9’23” ■boulder n. 大石块 ■pit v. 使得坑坑洼洼 ■perturb v. 使不安 verp upset be perturbed about sth 为…而心神不安 His threats didn’t perturb her in the least

新版新概念英语第一册课文PDF

Lesson 1 Excuse me! 对不起! Listen to the tape then answer this question. Whose handbag is it? 听录音,然后回答问题,这是谁的手袋? Excuse me! Yes? Is this your handbag? Pardon? Is this your handbag? Yes, it is. Thank you very much. New Word and expressions 生词和短语 excuse v. 原谅 me pron. 我(宾格) yes

adv. 是的 is v. be 动词现在时第三人称单数 this pron.这 your possessive adjective 你的,你们的handbag n. (女用)手提包 pardon int. 原谅,请再说一遍 it pron.它 thank you 感谢你(们) very much 非常地

参考译文 对不起 什么事? 这是您的手提包吗? 对不起,请再说一遍。 这是您的手提包吗? 是的,是我的。非常 感谢! Lesson 3 Sorry, sir. 对不起,先生。 Listen to the tape then answer this question. 听录音,然后回答问题。这位男士有没有要回他的雨伞? My coat and my umbrella please. Here is my ticket. Thank you, sir. Number five. Here's your umbrella and your coat.

裕兴新概念英语第三册笔记第三课课文讲解

裕兴新概念英语第三册笔记第三课课文讲解 老猴子咬菜根学习交流 Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神 Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets. The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century . until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century . It's missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century . This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity. 1. Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. 不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。 make a discovery 做出发现 make a name for oneself 出名 make history 创造历史 make a noise 名噪一时 eg. Ben Laden really made a noise by . 本·拉登通过事件名噪一时。make a dent: to make a first step towards success in something 取得初步的、有效的进展；奏效 eg. Chinese open-up policy has made a dent. 中国的改革开放政策已经初见成效。 Aegean [i:'d?i:?n] n.爱琴海（地中海的一部分,在希腊同土耳其之间）The Aegean sea lies between Greece and Turkey, part of Mediterranean Sea.主题句：为典型的记叙文开头句 记叙文的文体特点：时间、地点、人物、事件。并按事件发生的时间、空间顺序描写，把握住其特征，就能轻松应对文章的理解。 Time: some time ago

新概念英语第三册笔记第39课

Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心 New words and expression 生词和短语 Rough a崎岖不平的=no smooth 1)not smooth 粗糙的，崎岖的 rough skin rough road We’d better not take the rough road. 2)not exact 大致的 a rough idea 一个大致的想法 a rough drawing 一个草图at a rough guess 我猜，大概是 eg. At a rough guess, he was about forty-five. ~ 3) not gentle 野蛮，激烈，粗鲁的 a rough game a rough man Be rough on sb对某人苛刻、无礼Don’t be rough on your friends. 4) unfair or unlucky 倒霉的 it's rough on sb boulder ['b??ld?] n.大石块（a large stone or piece of rock）（卵石，大圆石（圆形巨石）；巨砾） pebble ['peb(?)l] n.小卵石，小石子(a small smooth stone found on the beach or on the bottom of river) eg. You are not the only pebble on the beach! [ （used to say that you are not the only person who has to be considered or deserves attention） eg. You are not the only fish in the sea. cobble ['k?b(?)l] n. for paving the road 大石子（大卵石，中砾） rubble ['r?b(?)l] n.碎石，瓦砾（毁坏后的房屋，或者是铺设在地面最下一层的碎石） pit [p?t] n.坑，地上的洞（1、矿井，矿洞2、(挖出沙砾或黏土后留下的) 大坑3、vt使留疤痕4、vi凹陷） eg. A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit 吃一堑，长一智。 in the pit of your stomach/at the pit of your stomach 心窝，胸口 ^ a knot of fear in the pit of my stomach 心里总觉得害怕 be pitted with 坑坑洼洼的布满，挖坑 eg. The road was pitted after the rain. eg. The moon's surface is pitted with many craters. 月球的表面有许多火山形成的坑洞。 eg. Her eyes were pitted with joy. be littered with 杂乱的堆满 eg. The road is littered with stones and pitted with holes. pittance n.微薄的薪俸或津贴 。 eg. The chicken-food she was given for cleaning that home so beautifully was nothing but a pittance. nothing but 只是，上节课讲到的。她给人家清扫房屋挣到的那点钱连塞牙缝的都不够。 crater ['kre?t?] n.（火山的）喷火口；弹坑 scoop [sku:p] n.凹穴，坑（本意1、vt 用勺子舀2、勺形物（特殊的勺子，比如冰淇淋，奶粉，咖啡）3、独家新闻（勺子舀出来的，挖掘出来的）） Perturb [p?'t?:b] v. 使不安=very upset （vt. 扰乱；使…混乱；使…心绪不宁） Be perturbed about sth

新概念英语第3册第19课(汇编)

Lesson 19 A very dear cat 一条贵重的宝贝猫 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. Why was Rastus 'very dear' in more ways than one? Kidnappers are rarely interested in animals, but they recently took considerable interest in Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay's cat. Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay, a very wealthy old lady, has shared a flat with her cat, Rastus, for a great many years. Rastus leads an orderly life. He usually takes a short walk in the evenings and is always home by seven o'clock. One evening, however, he failed to arrive. Mrs. Ramsay got very worried. She looked everywhere for him but could not find him. Three days after Rastus' disappearance, Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter. The writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if Mrs. Ramsay paid a ransom of ￡1,000. Mrs. Ramsay was instructed to place the money in a cardboard box and to leave it outside her door. At first, she decided to go to the police, but fearing that she would never see Rastus again -- the letter had made that quite clear -- she changed her mind. She withdrew ￡1000 from her bank and followed the kidnapper's instructions. The next morning, the box had disappeared but Mrs. Ramsay was sure that the kidnapper would keep his word. Sure enough, Rastus arrived punctually at seven o'clock that evening. He looked very well though he was rather thirsty, for he drank half a bottle of milk. The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done. She explained that Rastus was very dear to her. Considering the amount she paid, he was dear in more ways than one! 1.dear adj. (dearer, dearest) 1. (~to sb.) loved by or important to sb. 亲爱的; 宝贵的；珍视的 e.g.（1）他是我最亲密的朋友之一。 He is one of my dearest friends. (2) 他的女儿是他心爱的宝贝。 His daughter is very dear to her. 2. (Dear) used at the beginning of a letter before the name or title of the person that you are writing to(用于信函抬头的名字或头衔前)亲爱的 3. [not usually before noun] (BrE)expensive; costing a lot of money 昂贵，价格高 e.g.现在什么东西都那么贵。 Everything is so dear now. n. 1. used when speaking to sb. you love (常作称呼所爱的人)亲爱的 e.g. 喝点什么吗，亲爱的？ Would you like a drink, dear? adv. (at a high price)高价地,昂贵地 e.g. (1) 他的错误使他付出很高的代价。 His errors cost him dear. (2) 贱买贵卖

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