2019医学考博英语作文分析及范文指导(2)

2019医学考博英语作文分析及范文指导（2）

医学考博英语作文内容为要求考生根据一篇800-1000字的汉语医学

科普文章，写出一篇200字的英文摘要，很多考博生感到无从下笔，

###考博频道将带领大家根据模医学考博英语作文拟试题实行分析指导。

Directions：In this part there is an essay inChinese.

Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English onthe ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary

covers all the major points ofthe article.

长期以来，我国传统医德把“救人活命”、“延年益寿”当作医

生职责，认为医学的目的是维持生命，即使最低的生命质量也应不惜

代价去延续它，这种道义主义偏重生命的数量，而不顾及生命的价值

和效果。我们认为，救死扶伤应该是指那些有存活意义的生命，对于

拯救绝症垂死的生命，那仅仅一个善良的愿望，并无任何积极意义。

医务人员不惜一切代价，借助现代医疗设备，维护病人的心跳和呼吸，延长一个无价值的生命，表面上看来实行了人道主义，合乎医学伦理

道德，实际上却是无谓地延长和加重了病人的痛苦。

安乐死作为满足绝症病人“无痛致死”愿望的一种临终处置方法，它不是授人以死，而是授死者以安乐，它不是死亡的直接原因和性质，而是死亡过程中的一种良好状态。安乐死的本质不是决定“生与死”，而是决定垂死病人死亡的过程是“痛苦死”还是“安乐死”，它的目

的在于使必死的病人无痛苦地死去，提升生命末端的质量，体面地、

有尊严走向死亡。所以，安乐死不是非人道的“变相杀人”，它蕴含

着极高的伦理道德意义。首先，实施安乐死符合病人的自身利益。对

于身患绝症，临近死亡、肉体极度痛苦的病人应其本人的恳求予以安

乐死，它并没有改变病人必死的结局，仅仅改变了病人继续忍受和延

长毫无意义的痛苦的命运，是对病人选择死亡的时间和方式、以尽早

摆脱肉体痛苦和精神折磨的权利的：尊重和保障。所以，实施安乐死，是在特定情况下病人的利益的体现，符合医学伦理道德的基本要求。

其次，安乐死反映了人类无痛苦死亡的愿望和对“优死”的企盼，是

人类理性的觉醒。“生”与“死”同时存有，相伴相随，构成人生的

全过程。伴随着社会的发展，科技的进步，人们生活质量的提升，追

求生命的价值，提升生存的质量逐步成为人们新的选择。

人类在提倡“优生、优育、优活”的同时，也倡导“优死”，人

们期望在生命的终期，尽可能减少死亡时的痛苦，提升“死”的质量，让人们能够勇敢地接受死亡，维护人类尊严。所以，安乐死的实施，

提升人的生命终期的质量，改善人类“死”的状况，给病人以尊严的死，无痛苦的死，是完全符合人道主义的。再次，安乐死维护的是一

种利他主义的尊严。安乐死不但能解除病人临终时的极度痛苦，至死

保护人的尊严，而且能够使社会有限的卫生资源得到合理应用，也减

轻了病人亲属的负担。我国是一个发展中国家，医疗卫生资源十分有限，不能满足13亿人口的需要。如果对濒临死亡的绝症病人实行毫无

效果的救治，既违反了病人的意愿，延续病人的痛苦，又浪费了医疗

卫生资源，使社会、尤其是病人的亲属承受巨大的经济负担和精神负担，这本身就不符合医学伦理学的基本要求。所以，安乐死的实施有

助于人们正视死亡，笑迎死亡，完成个人对家庭、对社会乃至人类的

义务，让人生的落幕更尊严、更辉煌、更有价值。

随着现代医学的迅速发展和人们思想观点的日益更新，安乐死已

日趋为人们所理解和接受，成为诸多绝症晚期病人及其亲属的企盼。

实践证明安乐死是可行的，也是道德的。我们期盼加快安乐死在我国

的立法工作，让安乐死合情合理又合法。

【写作分析】

这篇文章从结构上来说不太清晰，所述内容较多且繁杂，想在很

短的篇幅中把问题说得清清楚楚，整理起来有相当的难度。首先要找

出其主旨：捍卫安乐死，为安乐死辩解。安乐死非但不是“变相杀人”，相反，它能够提升生命末端的质量，能够使病人体面地、有尊

严地走向死亡，无痛苦地死去。然后，从结构上把文章分成三个部分：

1. 安乐死这个问题的提出。

2. 安乐死的定义及作者提出的几条理由。

3. 对未来人们对安乐死的态度的推断和展望。

阅读过程中，务必用一支铅笔把你认为关键的句子，短语，尤其

是提纲挈领的句子划下来。这样你就不会陷入作者的“迷魂阵”了。

文章虽然与医学相关，但实际上太专深的医学术语并不是很多。

有几个关键词考生是必须掌握并用在摘要中的。这些词包括：

安乐死 euthanasia

伦理学的 ethical

道德的 moral

合法化 legalize/-ation

患绝症的 terminally ill

垂死的 dying

延长 prolong

质量 quality

送你一句话：“写作时，切忌‘见木不见林’，要体现出层次感，结构要明快，这样能够向阅卷老师表明你的逻辑性很强，抓住了要点”。

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