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水密度和温度关系

水密度和温度关系
水密度和温度关系

热水的温度与比重

0℃…………0.9998(specific gravity or relative density) 5℃………….0.9999

10℃…………0.9994

15℃…………0.9988

20℃…………0.9980

25℃…………0.9968

30℃…………0.9955

35℃…………0.9939

40℃…………0.9922

45℃…………0.9902

50℃…………0.9880

55℃…………0.9857

60℃…………0.9833

65℃…………0.9806

70℃…………0.9779

75℃…………0.9749

80℃…………0.9719

85℃…………0.9687

90℃…………0.9654

95℃…………0.9620

100℃………..0.9584

105℃………..0.9548

110℃………. 0.9510

115℃………..0.9471

120℃………..0.9431

125℃………..0.9390

130℃……….0.9348

4 量筒、量杯的容积校正

4.1 将洁净的量筒或量杯注入已知温度的纯化水,并使水弯月面恰好在刻线处。

4.2 将水倒置已恒重并称重的具塞锥形瓶中,密塞,称重,可得水的质量。

4.3 根据水温查附表B水的密度,可计算出该量筒或量杯的体积。

4.4 根据附表B规定的标准容量允差,判断被校正量筒或量杯是否合格,并将校正结果记录在附录A表中。t(℃) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

0 999.840 999.846 999.853 999.859 999.865 999.871 999.877 999.883 999.888 999.893

1 999.898 999.904 999.908 999.913 999.917 999.921 999.925 999.929 999.933 999.937

2 999.940 999.94

3 999.946 999.949 999.952 999.95

4 999.956 999.959 999.961 999.962

3 999.96

4 999.966 999.967 999.968 999.969 999.970 999.971 999.971 999.972 999.972

4 999.972 999.972 999.972 999.971 999.971 999.970 999.969 999.968 999.967 999.965

5 999.964 999.962 999.960 999.958 999.95

6 999.954 999.951 999.949 999.946 999.943

6 999.940 999.93

7 999.934 999.930 999.926 999.923 999.919 999.915 999.910 999.906

7 999.901 999.897 999.892 999.887 999.882 999.877 999.871 999.866 999.880 999.854

8 999.848 999.842 999.836 999.829 999.823 999.816 999.809 999.802 999.795 999.788

9 999.781 999.773 999.765 999.758 999.750 999.742 999.734 999.725 999.717 999.708

10 999.699 999.691 999.682 999.672 999.663 999.654 999.644 999.634 999.625 999.615

11 999.605 999.595 999.584 999.574 999.563 999.553 999.542 999.531 999.520 999.508

12 999.497 999.486 999.474 999.462 999.450 999.439 999.426 999.414 999.402 999.389

13 999.377 999.384 999.351 999.338 999.325 999.312 999.299 999.285 999.271 999.258

14 999.244 999.230 999.216 999.202 999.187 999.173 999.158 999.144 999.129 999.114

15 999.099 999.084 999.069 999.053 999.038 999.022 999.006 998.991 998.975 998.959

16 998.943 998.926 998.910 998.893 998.876 998.860 998.843 998.826 998.809 998.792

17 998.774 998.757 998.739 998.722 998.704 998.686 998.668 998.650 998.632 998.613

18 998.595 998.576 998.557 998.539 998.520 998.501 998.482 998.463 998.443 998.424

19 998.404 998.385 998.365 998.345 998.325 998.305 998.285 998.265 998.244 998.224

20 998.203 998.182 998.162 998.141 998.120 998.099 998.077 998.056 998.035 998.013

21 997.991 997.970 997.948 997.926 997.904 997.882 997.859 997.837 997.815 997.792

22 997.769 997.747 997.724 997.701 997.678 997.655 997.631 997.608 997.584 997.561

23 997.537 997.513 997.490 997.466 997.442 997.417 997.393 997.396 997.344 997.320

24 997.295 997.270 997.246 997.221 997.195 997.170 997.145 997.120 997.094 997.069

25 997.043 997.018 996.992 996.966 996.940 996.914 996.888 996.861 996.835 996.809

26 996.782 996.755 996.729 996.702 996.675 996.648 996.621 996.594 996.566 996.539

27 996.511 996.484 996.456 996.428 996.401 996.373 996.344 996.316 996.288 996.260

28 996.231 996.203 996.174 996.146 996.117 996.088 996.059 996.030 996.001 996.972

29 995.943 995.913 995.884 995.854 995.825 995.795 995.765 995.753 995.705 995.675

30 995.645 995.615 995.584 995.554 995.523 995.493 995.462 995.431 995.401 995.370

31 995.339 995.307 995.276 995.245 995.214 995.182 995.151 995.119 995.087 995.055

32 995.024 994.992 994.960 994.927 994.895 994.863 994.831 994.798 994.766 994.733

33 994.700 994.667 994.635 994.602 994.569 994.535 994.502 994.469 994.436 994.402

34 994.369 994.335 994.301 994.267 994.234 994.200 994.166 994.132 994.098 994.063

35 994.029 993.994 993.960 993.925 993.891 993.856 993.821 993.786 993.751 993.716

36 993.681 993.646 993.610 993.575 993.540 993.504 993.469 993.433 993.397 993.361

37 993.325 993.280 993.253 993.217 993.181 993.144 993.108 993.072 993.035 992.999

38 992.962 992.925 992.888 992.851 992.814 992.777 992.740 992.703 992.665 992.628

39 992.591 992.553 992.516 992.478 992.440 992.402 992.364 992.326 992.288 992.250

40 992.212

t90(℃) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

40 992.212 991.826 991.432 991.031 990.623 990.208 989.786 987.358 988.922 988.479 50 988.030 987.575 987.113 986.644 986.169 985.688 985.201 984.707 984.208 983.702 60 983.191 982.673 982.150 981.621 981.086 980.546 979.999 979.448 978.890 978.327 70 977.759 977.185 976.606 976.022 975.432 974.837 974.237 973.632 973.021 972.405

80 971.785 971.159 970.528 969.892 969.252 968.606 967.955 967.300 966.639 965.974 90 965.304 964.630 963.950 963.266 962.577 961.883 961.185 960.482 959.774 959.062 100 958.345

水的密度和黏度虽温度变化

水密度随温度变化表 t(℃) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0 999.840 999.846 999.853 999.859 999.865 999.871 999.877 999.883 999.888 999.893 1 999.898 999.904 999.908 999.913 999.917 999.921 999.925 999.929 999.933 999.937 2 999.940 999.94 3 999.946 999.949 999.952 999.95 4 999.956 999.959 999.961 999.962 3 999.96 4 999.966 999.967 999.968 999.969 999.970 999.971 999.971 999.972 999.972 4 999.972 999.972 999.972 999.971 999.971 999.970 999.969 999.968 999.967 999.965 5 999.964 999.962 999.960 999.958 999.95 6 999.954 999.951 999.949 999.946 999.943 6 999.940 999.93 7 999.934 999.930 999.926 999.923 999.919 999.915 999.910 999.906 7 999.901 999.897 999.892 999.887 999.882 999.877 999.871 999.866 999.880 999.854 8 999.848 999.842 999.836 999.829 999.823 999.816 999.809 999.802 999.795 999.788 9 999.781 999.773 999.765 999.758 999.750 999.742 999.734 999.725 999.717 999.708 10 999.699 999.691 999.682 999.672 999.663 999.654 999.644 999.634 999.625 999.615 11 999.605 999.595 999.584 999.574 999.563 999.553 999.542 999.531 999.520 999.508 12 999.497 999.486 999.474 999.462 999.450 999.439 999.426 999.414 999.402 999.389 13 999.377 999.384 999.351 999.338 999.325 999.312 999.299 999.285 999.271 999.258 14 999.244 999.230 999.216 999.202 999.187 999.173 999.158 999.144 999.129 999.114 15 999.099 999.084 999.069 999.053 999.038 999.022 999.006 998.991 998.975 998.959 16 998.943 998.926 998.910 998.893 998.876 998.860 998.843 998.826 998.809 998.792 17 998.774 998.757 998.739 998.722 998.704 998.686 998.668 998.650 998.632 998.613 18 998.595 998.576 998.557 998.539 998.520 998.501 998.482 998.463 998.443 998.424 19 998.404 998.385 998.365 998.345 998.325 998.305 998.285 998.265 998.244 998.224 20 998.203 998.182 998.162 998.141 998.120 998.099 998.077 998.056 998.035 998.013 21 997.991 997.970 997.948 997.926 997.904 997.882 997.859 997.837 997.815 997.792 22 997.769 997.747 997.724 997.701 997.678 997.655 997.631 997.608 997.584 997.561 23 997.537 997.513 997.490 997.466 997.442 997.417 997.393 997.396 997.344 997.320 24 997.295 997.270 997.246 997.221 997.195 997.170 997.145 997.120 997.094 997.069 t(℃) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 25 997.043 997.018 996.992 996.966 996.940 996.914 996.888 996.861 996.835 996.809 26 996.782 996.755 996.729 996.702 996.675 996.648 996.621 996.594 996.566 996.539 27 996.511 996.484 996.456 996.428 996.401 996.373 996.344 996.316 996.288 996.260 28 996.231 996.203 996.174 996.146 996.117 996.088 996.059 996.030 996.001 996.972 29 995.943 995.913 995.884 995.854 995.825 995.795 995.765 995.753 995.705 995.675 30 995.645 995.615 995.584 995.554 995.523 995.493 995.462 995.431 995.401 995.370 31 995.339 995.307 995.276 995.245 995.214 995.182 995.151 995.119 995.087 995.055 32 995.024 994.992 994.960 994.927 994.895 994.863 994.831 994.798 994.766 994.733 33 994.700 994.667 994.635 994.602 994.569 994.535 994.502 994.469 994.436 994.402 34 994.369 994.335 994.301 994.267 994.234 994.200 994.166 994.132 994.098 994.063 35 994.029 993.994 993.960 993.925 993.891 993.856 993.821 993.786 993.751 993.716 36 993.681 993.646 993.610 993.575 993.540 993.504 993.469 993.433 993.397 993.361 37 993.325 993.280 993.253 993.217 993.181 993.144 993.108 993.072 993.035 992.999 38 992.962 992.925 992.888 992.851 992.814 992.777 992.740 992.703 992.665 992.628 39 992.591 992.553 992.516 992.478 992.440 992.402 992.364 992.326 992.288 992.250

水的温度与密度关系表

水的温度与密度关系表 t(℃) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0 999.840 999.846 999.853 999.859 999.865 999.871 999.877 999.883 999.888 999.893 1 999.898 999.904 999.908 999.913 999.917 999.921 999.925 999.929 999.933 999.937 2 999.940 999.94 3 999.946 999.949 999.952 999.95 4 999.956 999.959 999.961 999.962 3 999.96 4 999.966 999.967 999.968 999.969 999.970 999.971 999.971 999.972 999.972 4 999.972 999.972 999.972 999.971 999.971 999.970 999.969 999.968 999.967 999.965 5 999.964 999.962 999.960 999.958 999.95 6 999.954 999.951 999.949 999.946 999.943 6 999.940 999.93 7 999.934 999.930 999.926 999.923 999.919 999.915 999.910 999.906 7 999.901 999.897 999.892 999.887 999.882 999.877 999.871 999.866 999.880 999.854 8 999.848 999.842 999.836 999.829 999.823 999.816 999.809 999.802 999.795 999.788 9 999.781 999.773 999.765 999.758 999.750 999.742 999.734 999.725 999.717 999.708 10 999.699 999.691 999.682 999.672 999.663 999.654 999.644 999.634 999.625 999.615 11 999.605 999.595 999.584 999.574 999.563 999.553 999.542 999.531 999.520 999.508 12 999.497 999.486 999.474 999.462 999.450 999.439 999.426 999.414 999.402 999.389 13 999.377 999.384 999.351 999.338 999.325 999.312 999.299 999.285 999.271 999.258 14 999.244 999.230 999.216 999.202 999.187 999.173 999.158 999.144 999.129 999.114 15 999.099 999.084 999.069 999.053 999.038 999.022 999.006 998.991 998.975 998.959 16 998.943 998.926 998.910 998.893 998.876 998.860 998.843 998.826 998.809 998.792 17 998.774 998.757 998.739 998.722 998.704 998.686 998.668 998.650 998.632 998.613 18 998.595 998.576 998.557 998.539 998.520 998.501 998.482 998.463 998.443 998.424 19 998.404 998.385 998.365 998.345 998.325 998.305 998.285 998.265 998.244 998.224 20 998.203 998.182 998.162 998.141 998.120 998.099 998.077 998.056 998.035 998.013 21 997.991 997.970 997.948 997.926 997.904 997.882 997.859 997.837 997.815 997.792 22 997.769 997.747 997.724 997.701 997.678 997.655 997.631 997.608 997.584 997.561 23 997.537 997.513 997.490 997.466 997.442 997.417 997.393 997.396 997.344 997.320 24 997.295 997.270 997.246 997.221 997.195 997.170 997.145 997.120 997.094 997.069 t(℃) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 25 997.043 997.018 996.992 996.966 996.940 996.914 996.888 996.861 996.835 996.809 26 996.782 996.755 996.729 996.702 996.675 996.648 996.621 996.594 996.566 996.539 27 996.511 996.484 996.456 996.428 996.401 996.373 996.344 996.316 996.288 996.260 28 996.231 996.203 996.174 996.146 996.117 996.088 996.059 996.030 996.001 996.972 29 995.943 995.913 995.884 995.854 995.825 995.795 995.765 995.753 995.705 995.675 30 995.645 995.615 995.584 995.554 995.523 995.493 995.462 995.431 995.401 995.370 31 995.339 995.307 995.276 995.245 995.214 995.182 995.151 995.119 995.087 995.055 32 995.024 994.992 994.960 994.927 994.895 994.863 994.831 994.798 994.766 994.733 33 994.700 994.667 994.635 994.602 994.569 994.535 994.502 994.469 994.436 994.402 34 994.369 994.335 994.301 994.267 994.234 994.200 994.166 994.132 994.098 994.063 35 994.029 993.994 993.960 993.925 993.891 993.856 993.821 993.786 993.751 993.716 36 993.681 993.646 993.610 993.575 993.540 993.504 993.469 993.433 993.397 993.361 37 993.325 993.280 993.253 993.217 993.181 993.144 993.108 993.072 993.035 992.999 38 992.962 992.925 992.888 992.851 992.814 992.777 992.740 992.703 992.665 992.628 39 992.591 992.553 992.516 992.478 992.440 992.402 992.364 992.326 992.288 992.250

焓值密度与温度对应表

附录A (标准的附录)水的密度和焓值表A1 当工作压力≤时,水的密度和焓值应采用表A1。表A1 P=,温度为1 ℃—150 ℃时水的密度和焓值表 温度(℃)密度(kg/ m 3 ) 焓 (kJ/kg) 温度 (℃) 密度(kg/ m 3 ) 焓 (kJ/kg) 温度 (℃) 密度(kg/ m 3 ) 焓 (kJ/kg) 1 51 101 2 52 102 3 53 103 4 54 104 5 55 105 6 56 106 7 57 107 8 58 108 9 59 109 10 60 110 11 61 111 12 62 112 13 63 113 14 64 114 15 65 115 16 66 116 17 67 117 18 68 118 19 69 119 20 70 120 21 71 121 22 72 122 23 73 123 24 74 124 25 75 125 26 76 126 27 77 127 28 78 128 29 79 129 30 80 130 31 81 131 32 82 132 33 83 133 34 84 134 35 85 135 续表A1 36 86 136 37 87 137 38 88 138 39 89 139

41 91 141 42 92 142 43 93 143 44 94 144 45 95 145 46 96 146 47 97 147 48 98 148 49 99 149 50 100 150 A2 当工作压力>,且≤时,水的密度和焓值应采用表A2。表A2 当P=时,温度为1 ℃—150 ℃水的密度和焓值表 温度(℃)密度 (kg/ m 3 ) 焓(kJ/kg) 温度 (℃) 密度 (kg/ m 3 ) 焓 (kJ/kg) 温度 (℃) 密度 (kg/ m 3 ) 焓(kJ/kg) 1 51 101 2 52 102 3 53 103 4 54 104 5 55 105 6 56 106 7 57 107 8 58 108 9 59 109 10 60 110 11 61 111 12 62 112 13 63 113 14 64 114 15 65 115 16 66 116 17 67 117 18 68 118 19 69 119 20 70 120 续表A2 21 71 121 22 72 122 23 73 123 24 74 124 25 75 125 26 76 126 27 77 127

饱和水蒸汽压力与温度密度蒸汽焓汽化热的关系对照表

饱和水蒸汽压力与温度、密度、蒸汽焓、气化热的关系对照表 一.什么是水和水蒸气的焓? 水或水蒸气的焓h,是指在某一压力和温度下的1千克水或1千克水蒸气内部所含有的能量,即水或水蒸气的内能u与压力势能pv之和(h=u+pv)。水或水蒸气的焓,可以认为等于把1千克绝对压力为兆帕温度为0℃的水,加热到该水或水蒸气的压力和温度下所吸收的热量。焓的单位为“焦/千克”。 (1)非饱和水焓:将1千克绝对压力为兆帕温度为0℃的水,加热到该非饱和水的压力和温度下所吸收的热量。 (2)饱和水焓:将1千克绝对压力为兆帕温度为0℃的水,加热到该饱和水的压力对应的饱和温度时所吸收的热量。饱和温度随压力增大而升高,因此饱和水焓也随压力增大而增大。例如:绝对压力为兆帕时,饱和水焓为 x 103焦/千克;在绝对压力为兆帕时,饱和水焓则为 x 103焦/千克。 (3)饱和水蒸气焓:分为干饱和水蒸气焓和湿饱和水蒸气焓两种。干饱和水蒸气焓等于饱和水焓加水的汽化潜热;湿饱和水蒸气焓等于1千克湿饱和蒸汽中,饱和水的比例乘饱和水焓加干饱和汽的比例乘干饱和汽焓之和。例如:绝对压力为兆帕时,饱和水焓为 x103焦/公斤;汽化潜热为1328 x103焦/公斤。因此,干饱和水蒸气的焓等于: x103+1328x103= x 103焦/千克。又例如:绝对压力为兆帕的湿饱和水蒸气中,饱和水的比例为,(即湿度为20%)干饱和水蒸气比例为(即干度为80%),则此湿饱和水蒸气的焓为 x103 x 十 = x 103焦/千克。 (4)过热水蒸气焓:等于该压力下干饱和水蒸气的焓与过热热之和。例如:绝对压力为兆帕,温度为540℃的过热水蒸气的干饱和水蒸气的焓为 x 103焦/千克,过热热为 x 103焦/千克。则该过热水蒸气的焓为: x 103+ x 103= x 103焦/千克。

不同压力、温度条件下水的密度

水的密度 表2.4.1? 水的密度3) 压力温度℃ 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.001 999.800 --------- 0.005 999.800 0 999.7000 998.3 028 ------- 0.01 999.800 0 999.8000 998.3 029 995. 7184 992. 2604 ----- 0.05 999.800 0 999.8000 998.3 029 995. 7184 962. 2604 988 .04 47 983.18 75 977.70 83 971.62 84 - 0.1 999.800 0 999.8000 998.3 029 995. 7184 992. 2604 988 .04 47 983.18 75 977.70 83 971.62 84 965.15 78 0.15 999.900 0 999.8000 998.3 029 995. 8176 992. 3588 988 .04 47 983.18 75 977.70 83 971.72 29 965.15 78 0.20 999.900 0 999.8000 998.4 026 995. 8176 992. 3588 988 .14 23 983.18 75 977.70 83 971.72 29 965.15 78 0.25 999.900 0 999.9000 998.4 026 995. 8176 992. 3588 988 .14 23 983.28 42 977.80 39 971.72 29 965.15 78 0.3 999.900 0 999.9000 998.4 026 995. 8176 992. 3588 988 .14 983.28 42 977.80 39 971.72 29 965.25 10

水的温度与密度关系表

t(℃) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0 999.840 999.846 999.853 999.859 999.865 999.871 999.877 999.883 999.888 999.893 1 999.898 999.904 999.908 999.913 999.917 999.921 999.925 999.929 999.933 999.937 2 999.940 999.94 3 999.946 999.949 999.952 999.95 4 999.956 999.959 999.961 999.962 3 999.96 4 999.966 999.967 999.968 999.969 999.970 999.971 999.971 999.972 999.972 4 999.972 999.972 999.972 999.971 999.971 999.970 999.969 999.968 999.967 999.965 5 999.964 999.962 999.960 999.958 999.95 6 999.954 999.951 999.949 999.946 999.943 6 999.940 999.93 7 999.934 999.930 999.926 999.923 999.919 999.915 999.910 999.906 7 999.901 999.897 999.892 999.887 999.882 999.877 999.871 999.866 999.880 999.854 8 999.848 999.842 999.836 999.829 999.823 999.816 999.809 999.802 999.795 999.788 9 999.781 999.773 999.765 999.758 999.750 999.742 999.734 999.725 999.717 999.708 10 999.699 999.691 999.682 999.672 999.663 999.654 999.644 999.634 999.625 999.615 11 999.605 999.595 999.584 999.574 999.563 999.553 999.542 999.531 999.520 999.508 12 999.497 999.486 999.474 999.462 999.450 999.439 999.426 999.414 999.402 999.389 13 999.377 999.384 999.351 999.338 999.325 999.312 999.299 999.285 999.271 999.258 14 999.244 999.230 999.216 999.202 999.187 999.173 999.158 999.144 999.129 999.114 15 999.099 999.084 999.069 999.053 999.038 999.022 999.006 998.991 998.975 998.959

海洋温度,盐度和密度的分布与变化

3.4.1海洋温度、盐度和密度的分布与变化 世界大洋的温度、盐度和密度的时空分布和变化,是海洋学研究最基本的内容之一。它几乎与海洋中所有现象都有密切的联系。 从宏观上看,世界大洋中温、盐、密度场的基本特征是,在表层大致沿纬向呈带状分布,即东—西方向上量值的差异相对很小;而在经向,即南—北方向上的变化却十分显著。在铅直方向上,基本呈层化状态,且随深度的增加其水平差异逐渐缩小,至深层其温、盐、密的分布均匀。它们在铅直方向上的变化相对水平方向上要大得多,因为大洋的水平尺度比其深度要大几百倍至几千倍。图3—10为大洋表面温、盐、密度平均值随纬度的变化。 一、海洋温度的分布与变化 对整个世界大洋而言,约75%的水体温度在0~6℃之间,50%的水体温度在1.3~3.8℃之间,整体水温平均为3.8℃。其中,太平洋平均为3.7℃,大西洋4.0℃,印度洋为3.8℃。 当然,世界大洋中的水温,因时因地而异,比上述平均状况要复杂得多,且一般难以用解析表达式给出。因此,通常多借助于平面图、剖面图,用绘制等值线的方法,以及绘制铅直分布曲线,时间变化曲线等,将其三维时空结构分解成二维或者一维的结构,通过分析加以综合,从而形成对整个温度场的认识。这种研究方法同样适应于对盐度、密度场和其它现象的研究。

(一)海洋水温的平面(水平)分布 1.大洋表层的水温分布进入海洋中的太阳辐射能,除很少部分返回大气外,余者全被海水吸收,转化为海水的热能。其中约60%的辐射能被1m厚的表层吸收,因此海洋表层水温较高。 大洋表层水温的分布,主要决定于太阳辐射的分布和大洋环流两个因子。在极地海域结冰与融冰的影响也起重要作用。 大洋表层水温变化于-2~30℃之间,年平均值为17.4℃。太平洋最高,平均为19.1℃;印度洋次之,为1 7.0℃;大西洋为16.9℃。相比各大洋的总平均温度而言,大洋表层是相当温暖的。 各大洋表层水温的差异,是由其所处地理位置、大洋形状以及大洋环流的配置等因素所造成的。太平洋表层水温之所以高,主要因为它的热带和副热带的面积宽广,其表层温度高于25℃的面积约占66%;而大西洋的热带和副热带的面积小,表层水温高于25℃的面积仅占18%。当然,大西洋与北冰洋之间和太平洋与北冰洋之间相比,比较畅通,也是原因之一。 从表3—2可以看出,大洋在南、北两半球的表层水温有明显差异。北半球的年平均水温比南半球相同纬度带内的温度高2℃左右,尤其在大西洋南、北半球50°~70°之间特别明显,相差7℃左右。造成这种差异的原因,一方面由于南赤道流的一部分跨越赤道进入北半球;另一方面是由于北半球的陆地阻碍了北冰洋冷水的流入,而南半球则与南极海域直接联通。 表3-2三大洋每10°纬度带内表面水温的年平均值(℃)(据Defant,1961)

不同压力、温度条件下水的密度 2

水的密度 表2.4.1 水的密度 3) 压力温度℃ 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.001 999.800 --------- 0.005 999.800 0 999.7000 998.3 028 ------- 0.01 999.800 0 999.8000 998.3 029 995. 7184 992. 2604 ----- 0.05 999.800 0 999.8000 998.3 029 995. 7184 962. 2604 988 .04 47 983.18 75 977.70 83 971.62 84 - 0.1 999.800 0 999.8000 998.3 029 995. 7184 992. 2604 988 .04 47 983.18 75 977.70 83 971.62 84 965.15 78 0.15 999.900 0 999.8000 998.3 029 995. 8176 992. 3588 988 .04 47 983.18 75 977.70 83 971.72 29 965.15 78 0.20 999.900 0 999.8000 998.4 026 995. 8176 992. 3588 988 .14 23 983.18 75 977.70 83 971.72 29 965.15 78 0.25 999.900 0 999.9000 998.4 026 995. 8176 992. 3588 988 .14 23 983.28 42 977.80 39 971.72 29 965.15 78 0.3 999.900999.9000 998.4995.992.988983.28977.80971.72965.25

水密度随温度变化表

水密度随温度变化表t(℃) 00.10.20.30.40.50.60.7 0999.84999.846999.853999.859999.865999.871999.877999.883 1999.898999.904999.908999.913999.917999.921999.925999.929 2999.94999.943999.946999.949999.952999.954999.956999.959 3999.964999.966999.967999.968999.969999.97999.971999.971 4999.972999.972999.972999.971999.971999.97999.969999.968 5999.964999.962999.96999.958999.956999.954999.951999.949 6999.94999.937999.934999.93999.926999.923999.919999.915 7999.901999.897999.892999.887999.882999.877999.871999.866 8999.848999.842999.836999.829999.823999.816999.809999.802 9999.781999.773999.765999.758999.75999.742999.734999.725 10999.699999.691999.682999.672999.663999.654999.644999.634 11999.605999.595999.584999.574999.563999.553999.542999.531 12999.497999.486999.474999.462999.45999.439999.426999.414 13999.377999.384999.351999.338999.325999.312999.299999.285 14999.244999.23999.216999.202999.187999.173999.158999.144 15999.099999.084999.069999.053999.038999.022999.006998.991 16998.943998.926998.91998.893998.876998.86998.843998.826 17998.774998.757998.739998.722998.704998.686998.668998.65 18998.595998.576998.557998.539998.52998.501998.482998.463 19998.404998.385998.365998.345998.325998.305998.285998.265 20998.203998.182998.162998.141998.12998.099998.077998.056 21997.991997.97997.948997.926997.904997.882997.859997.837 22997.769997.747997.724997.701997.678997.655997.631997.608 23997.537997.513997.49997.466997.442997.417997.393997.396 24997.295997.27997.246997.221997.195997.17997.145997.12 25997.043997.018996.992996.966996.94996.914996.888996.861 26996.782996.755996.729996.702996.675996.648996.621996.594 27996.511996.484996.456996.428996.401996.373996.344996.316 28996.231996.203996.174996.146996.117996.088996.059996.03 29995.943995.913995.884995.854995.825995.795995.765995.753 30995.645995.615995.584995.554995.523995.493995.462995.431 31995.339995.307995.276995.245995.214995.182995.151995.119 32995.024994.992994.96994.927994.895994.863994.831994.798 33994.7994.667994.635994.602994.569994.535994.502994.469 34994.369994.335994.301994.267994.234994.2994.166994.132 35994.029993.994993.96993.925993.891993.856993.821993.786 36993.681993.646993.61993.575993.54993.504993.469993.433 37993.325993.28993.253993.217993.181993.144993.108993.072 38992.962992.925992.888992.851992.814992.777992.74992.703 39992.591992.553992.516992.478992.44992.402992.364992.326 40992.212 t90(℃)01234567 40992.212991.826991.432991.031990.623990.208989.786987.358 50988.03987.575987.113986.644986.169985.688985.201984.707 60983.191982.673982.15981.621981.086980.546979.999979.448

[整理]不同条件下饱和水蒸气温度-压力-密度-热力学参数对照表.

当空气中所含水蒸气的量达到最大时就称这种空气为“饱和湿空气”,与饱和湿空气对应的压力称为“饱和水蒸气压力”,用符号Ps表示.水蒸气压力p与饱和水蒸气压力Ps的比值称为相对湿度Rh,与饱和水蒸气压力Ps 对应着的相对湿度为:Rh=100% 。 饱和水蒸气温度-压力-密度-热力学参数对照表 温度t ℃ 绝对压强p kPa 水蒸汽的密度ρ kg·m-3 焓H kJ·kg-1 汽化热r kJ·kg-1 液体水蒸汽 0 0.61 0.00 0.00 2491.10 2491.10 5 0.87 0.01 20.94 2500.80 2479.86 10 1.23 0.01 41.87 2510.40 2468.53 15 1.71 0.01 62.80 2520.50 2457.70 20 2.33 0.02 83.74 2530.10 2446.30 25 3.17 0.02 104.67 2539.70 2435.00 30 4.25 0.03 125.60 2549.30 2423.70 35 5.62 0.04 146.54 2559.00 2412.10 40 7.38 0.05 167.47 2568.60 2401.10 45 9.58 0.07 188.41 2577.80 2389.40 50 12.34 0.08 209.34 2587.40 2378.10

55 15.74 0.10 230.27 2596.70 2366.40 60 19.92 0.13 251.21 2606.30 2355.10 65 25.01 0.16 272.14 2615.50 2343.10 70 31.16 0.20 293.08 2624.30 2331.20 75 38.55 0.24 314.01 2633.50 2319.50 80 47.38 0.29 334.94 2642.30 2307.80 85 57.88 0.35 355.88 2651.10 2295.20 90 70.14 0.42 376.81 2659.90 2283.10 95 84.56 0.50 397.75 2668.70 2270.50 100 101.33 0.60 418.68 2677.00 2258.40 105 120.85 0.70 440.03 2685.00 2245.40 110 143.31 0.83 460.97 2693.40 2232.00 115 169.11 0.96 482.32 2701.30 2219.00 120 198.64 1.12 503.67 2708.90 2205.20 125 232.19 1.30 525.02 2716.40 2191.80 130 270.25 1.49 546.38 2723.90 2177.60 135 313.11 1.72 567.73 2731.00 2163.30 140 361.47 1.96 589.08 2737.70 2148.70 145 415.72 2.24 610.85 2744.40 2134.00 150 476.24 2.54 632.21 2750.70 2118.50 160 618.28 3.25 675.75 2762.90 2037.10 170 792.59 4.11 719.29 2773.30 2054.00

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