2013年江苏高考英语阅读理解真题翻译和结构分析

2013年江苏高考英语阅读理解真题

翻译和结构分析

A

注：Canada's Wonderland是多伦多最大的游乐场，也是个过山车乐园。

56. The leaflet is to inform visitors of the Park’s _____.

这个宣传页是用来告知游客这个公园的：

A. advanced management 先进的管理

B. thrill performances令人感到惊悚的表演

C. entertainment facilities游乐设施

D. thoughtful services贴心的服务

分析：advanced（形容词：先进的，高级的，晚期的，年老的）,thrill（动词：使…激动，使…紧张，使…感到兴奋或激动，颤抖，感到兴奋，感到紧张；名词：激动，颤振，紧

张）,entertainment（名词：娱乐，消遣，款待），thoughtful（形容词：深思的，体贴的，关切的）都是重要短语，请牢记。和advanced有关的词有：advance（名词：发展，前进，增长；动词：提出，预付，使…前进，将…提前，前进，进展，上涨）,advancement（名词：前进，进步，提升）,和thrill有关的词有thriller（名词：惊险小说，使人毛骨悚然的东西，使人毛骨悚然的小说）,thrilling（形容词：毛骨悚然的，令人兴奋的，颤动的）,thrilled（形容词：非常高兴的，极为激动的）等，和entertainment有关的词有entertain （动词：娱乐，招待，怀抱，容纳，款待）等。

57. A visitor to the Park can _____.

到公园参观的游客可以：

A. rent a stroller outside Front Gate在前门出租赁婴儿车

B. ask for first aid by Thunder Run在Thunder Run旁边寻求紧急救助

C. smoke in the Water Park在水上乐园吸烟

D. leave his pet at KidZville把宠物寄养在KidZville

分析：A选项应该把outside改成inside,C选项Water Park是不允许吸烟的，D选项只能把宠物寄养在南门。B选项这个地点是可以的，因为紧急救助在任何场合都可进行。

B

We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).

翻译：我们认为付费插队有几种方法：雇人专门排队，从黄牛手里买票，或者直接从航空公司或者游乐园购买插队特权。这些交易用为得到快速服务而付费的市场道德代替了遵章守纪的排队原则。

结构分析：本段由两句组成，它们都是简单句。第一句中的cut in line意思是：插队，加塞。line standers是指那些专门为有需求的人排队并获取报酬的人。Stander是在动词stand 的后面加er构成的。Scalpers指的是那些哄抬票价并高价售出获利的人，此词的最初含义是“雕刻刀，剥头皮的人”，现在专指那些黄牛党。至于剥头皮和黄牛党有何关联，有这样的说法：剥头皮是一种外汇交易手法。剥头皮是指：利用网络延迟，如果交易平台的价格变化滞后于通过其它途径看到的行情，那么相当于拥有了“预知未来”的能力。通过这种网络数据

的延迟赚取“不法”利润的方法叫拨头皮。黄牛党肯定都是些信息灵通的人，他们惯会使用这种手法获取高额利润。Say这个词在本句不是“说”，而是一个副词，意思是“例如”，所以请大家注意这个比较不常见的用法。Replace sth1.with sth2.这个短语很重要，是用后面的sth2代替前面的sth1. Moral“名词：道德，寓意”，是个抽象的名词，但它有其复数形式，因为道德涉及的范围很广，不同类型的道德的总称可以有复数形式。

Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served,” have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.

翻译：市场和排队—付费和等待—是两种不同分配方式，每种方式对不同的活动都是合理的。排队道德原则追求的是“先到先得”这种平均主义诉求，它让我们忽略特权，权力和财富。

结构分析：市场实际上讲究的就是效率，而排队实际上说得就是牺牲效率，这是矛盾的两个方面。其实这两者并不存在着谁比谁更好的问题，因为市场如果过度追求效率必然牺牲了公平，而计划（也就是文中的排队）如果过度最求公平也必然会牺牲效率。Allocating是allocate的现在分词，allocate“动词：分配，指定”，allocation“名词：分配，配置，安置”。Appropriate“形容词：适当的，恰当的，合适的；动词：占用，拨出”。注意：这个词在做形容词的时候，其强调的是“适当的，恰当的”，而不是“正确的，对的”。也就是说合理的不一定是对的，而对的不一定是合理的。Be appropriate to适当，合适，适合于，对…很合适。另外appropriate还有“占用，挪用”的意思，此时是动词。First come, first served先到先得，先来先招待，捷足先登。这是俗语，请记住。Egalitarian“名词：平等主义，平等主义者；形容词：平等主义的”。Egalitarianism“名词：平等主义，平均主义”。Egality “名词：均等，平等”。Appeal“名词：呼吁，请求，吸引力，感染力，上诉；动词：将…上诉，对…上诉，上诉，恳求，上诉，诉诸，求助”。在本句中是名词。Appealing“形容词：吸引人的，动人的，引起兴趣的，恳求似的”。deep pockets是美国俚语，意思是：有雄厚财力的公司或个人。在阅读到这个俚语时，很可能并不能深刻地理解其意思，不过根据其字面意思一般能够猜到可能是指比较富有的人或组织。所以在阅读的过程中培养猜测的能力是非常重要的。

The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that

comes along, simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.

翻译：这个原则当运用在操场和公交站台上似乎是正确的。但是排队的道德原则不是在所有场合都成立。如果我要卖房子，我当然没有义务一定要卖给最先来的买家，而仅仅因为它是第一个来的。卖房子和等公交车是不同的活动，适合不同的标准。

结构分析：govern“动词：管理，支配统治，控制”。Government是派生词。在学习英语的过程中，我们都是先接触到government，其次才是govern，由于不懂构词法，所以government这个单词还属高难词汇，而现在我们知道它是从govern派生来的，government 也变得好记了。that comes along是定语从句，先行词是offer，that是关系代词，在定语从句中做主语，而且不能省略。Selling my house and waiting for a bus是并列的动名词短语做主语。properly governed by different standards是过去分词短语做原因状语。

Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.

翻译：有时标准变了，适用哪个原则也变得不明了。设想一下你打电话给银行的情形：你一边拿着电话等待，一边听电话那头一遍又一遍播放着录音提示“您的电话将按次序接听”。按照列队秩序而言这是必要的。银行似乎在以公正的名义安抚大家焦躁的内心。

结构分析：it is unclear which principle should apply这句里的it是形式主语，真正的主语是which principle should apply。apply“动词:申请，应用，适用，涂抹，敷”，可做及物或不及物动词，在本句做不及物动词。此词的常见派生词是application. you hear是定语从句，先行词是message，关系代词that在定语从句中做宾语，所以被省略了。played over and over 是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰message。on hold是介宾短语“等候接听，把持住的”。when calling your bank是省略句，省略了“you are”。Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.这句里的in which it was received是定语从句，先行词是order，关系代词是which,which在定语从句中做介词in的宾语。the morals of the queue“依次排队的道德准则”。As if引导名词性从句，在本段里引导the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness 构成表语从句。关于as if的用法，请有兴趣的同学参考相关资料。这里只强调一点：as if

后引导的从句可用虚拟语气。比如：It seems as if it is raining.确实下雨了。It seems as if it were raining.没有下雨，只是看起来像下雨。请大家仔细体会。

But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.

翻译：可是你不必把这些录音提示当真。目前，有些人打电话进来被接听的速度比其他人要快。呼叫中心技术使得公司可以对打进来的电话区别轻重缓急并且给那些来自富裕地区的电话予以优先服务。你可以把这种情形成为电话插队。

结构分析：answer calls“接电话”。Score这个词意思是“划线，刻画，把…记下，计分”，在这个句子里的意思就是“根据打进来的电话的重要程度予以安排优先服务的顺序”，实际上这个技术在人们不知情的情况下违背了公平的原则。that come from rich places是定语从句，先行词是those，关系代词是that，that在定语从句中主语。telephonic queue jumping 按字面意思就是“电话排序跳跃”。这里的jumping是名词，也是理解这个名词词组的关键。Jump这个词在不同的行业里的意思是不同的，尤其在电力电子领域应用比较多。它的意思是“跳线”，跳线的作用就是屏蔽或恢复某种功能。对于电话排队，那么就是通过某种技术，使得后来者能够超越先到者从而得到优先服务，这里面实际上存在某种算法，至于算法是什么，不同的公司会根据不同的服务原则进行设置。Telephonic是从telephonic派生来的。Jumping是动名词。

Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered — at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks —are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.

翻译:当然，市场和列队排序并不是唯一的分配资源的方法。有些物品我们按质分配，有些按需分配，还有些是按偶发因素分配。然而，按市场运行规律分配代替按次序分配和其他非市场方式分配物品的趋势在现代生活中是如此普遍，以至于我们几乎都没有注意到。我们曾经注意到的在机场、游乐园、呼叫中心、医生办公室和国家公园发生的大部分有偿插队现象最近又有了新的发展，这个现象令人震惊，可是在30年前这根本是不可想象的。在这些地方排队现象的消失应该得到格外关注，然而这些并不是唯一有市场渗入的地方。

结构分析：allocating是动名词，原形是allocate，派生词还有allocation等。Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance.这个句子是倒装句和省略句的集合。原句应该是：Some goods we distribute by merit,others we distribute by need,still others we distribute by chance. Some goods we distribute by merit是倒装句，把宾语提前。others by need, still others by chance是倒装后的省略句。请大家注意区分清楚。of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods这个结构很长，是造成句子读不懂的原因。这个介宾结构实际上做tendency的后置定语。so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore中的so…that...要注意,意思是“如此...，以至于…”。Scarcely“副词：几乎不，简直不，简直没有”，是表示否定意义的词，它所在的句子是否定句。It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered —at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks — are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.这个句子很长，不过it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。the paid queue-jumping schemes这个结构很多同学不能理解。按字面看就是“收费的插队计划（方案或阴谋）”，我们应该理解成通过收取费用达到插队的事先设计好的方案。we’ve considered 是定语从句，先行词是schemes，关系代词是that，在定语从句中做宾语，所以被省略。主语从句中schemes是主语are recent developments, scarcely imaginable是系表结构。有两个单词需要关注：striking“形容词：显著的，突出的，惊人的，打击的，罢工的”和imaginable “形容词：可能的，可想象的”。（必须联系作者weixin:daomingsi2016,才能得到C篇和D 篇的结构分析）The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.这是个并列句。Disappearance是disappear的派生词，disappear又是appear的派生词。unusual concern“不同寻常的令人关系和忧虑的事”。这个unusual需要格外关注，它是形容词，意思是“不寻常的，与众不同的，不平常的”。Concern这个词也很重要，意思是“名词：关系，关心；关心的事情，忧虑；动词：涉及，关系到；使担心”，在这里做名词。that markets have entered这个是定语从句，先行词是places，关系代词是that，它在定语从句中宾语。由于先行词前有the only 修饰，关系代词只能用that，不能用which，这是规定。Seem“动词：看起来好像，看起来似乎是”。seem an unusual concern这个系表结构大家好好体会理解。

58. According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First

come,first served”?

根据作者的观点，下面哪个选项符合“先到先得”的原则？

A. Taking buses. 乘公共汽车

分析：The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.这句说明乘公共汽车是符合“先到先得”原则的。

B. Buying houses.买房

买房肯定不符合，If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it’s the first.这句中可看出作者的观点。

C. Flying with an airline.坐飞机

D. Visiting amusement parks.参观游乐园

We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park.从这句可看出坐飞机和参观游乐园都是可以插队的。

59. The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _____.

第四和第五段所举的录音提示的例子说明：

A.the necessity of patience in queuing 耐心排队的必要性

作者并不是强调这点。

B.the advantage of modern technology现代科技的优点

作者并不是强调这点。

C.the uncertainty of allocation principle分配原则的不确定性

这是作者的结论。作者并没有表明自己的倾向，只是陈述了现象。

D.the fairness of telephonic services电话服务的公平性

事实上并不公平，然而人们并没有觉察到。

60. The passage is meant to _____.

这篇文章想要说明：

A.justify paying for faster services为得到快速服务而付费是正当的

作者没有表明立场。

B.discuss the morals of allocating things讨论了分配物品的道德原则

不论是排队还是付费插队都是现象，而作者需要讨论的是隐藏在现象后面的道德规范。

C.analyze the reason for standing in line 分析了按序排队的原因

文章里没有出现分析按序排队的句子。

D. criticize the behavior of queue jumping 谴责了插队的行为

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2016年高考英语真题阅读理解译文(江苏卷)

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷） A 在线教室提供了一个创新的、相关的以及交互式的学习环境。课程和在线教室是由教育部提供的。 这些在线课程： TDSB中学老师任教； TDSB

B 黑猩猩在某些方面是会互相合作的，比如在几方交战中集中在一起来保卫他们的领地。但是，除了满足成为社会生物的最低要求之外，他们在互相帮助方面却没有本能的因素。野生状态下的黑猩猩自己觅食。甚至母黑猩猩通常也不愿意跟他们的孩子分享食物,这些小猩猩从小就会自己觅食。 从本性上说，即便在实验室里，黑猩猩也不会分享食物。如果黑猩猩被放在笼子里，他能把一盘喂给他的食物拽进来吃掉，或者他可以不费吹灰之力就能把喂给隔壁笼子里邻居的一盘子食物拉到自己面前也吃掉的话，他就会很随便地任取一盘---他才不管他的邻居有没有饭吃。黑猩猩真的很自私。 从另一个方面讲，我们人类在孩提时代就特别能相互合作。在年幼时，他们就会互相帮助，分享信息以及共同参与从而实现一个目标。他发现如果18个月大的孩子看见手里满是东西的成年人心惊胆战试图开门时，几乎所有幼儿都会立即试图帮助他。 有理由相信那些去帮助，提醒和分享的欲望并不是别人教的，而是在年幼孩子们身上自然就拥有的。其中一个理由就是在大多数父母开始训练自己孩子行为社会化之前，这些本能在孩子们生长的较早阶段就已经显现出来。另外一个理由就是如果孩子们由于帮助别人被给予奖励，那么这种乐于帮助别人的行为品质就不会再进一步提高。第三个理由是孩子们社交智能的发展是超前于他们基本认知技能的，至少当跟黑猩猩比较时是这样的。托马塞洛做了一些测试，在肢体运动方面，孩子们并不比黑猩猩做得好，可是在社交领域里，他们的理解能力却明显要好得多。 孩子们思维所具备的和黑猩猩的思维所不具备的核心问题就是托马塞洛所谓的共享意向。此能力部分表现为他们可以从别人知道的或正在思考的得到他们想要的。但是，除此之外，甚至年龄更小的孩子也想成为这个共同目标的一部分。他们积极地要成为“我们”的一部分，而“我们”是个有着共同目标的组织。 C 厄尔尼诺，这是个西班牙语词汇，意思是耶稣孩提画像。它是被南美的渔夫命名的，南美渔夫注意到全球气候格局每2年到7年就会变化，而这就会造成在圣诞节期间捕鱼量的减产。厄尔尼诺表现为温暖的海水，每几年就会在西太平洋汇聚，当正常向西吹拂的海风减弱时，就会向东回流，或者从其他路径回流。 很多地方已经感受到气候影响的好坏。总的说来，厄尔尼诺给富裕的国家带来的好处要大于坏处。一项研究发现1997发生的强厄尔尼诺使得美国的经济增长了150亿美元，部分原因是由较好的农业收成带来的，连中西部地区的农田都获得额外的雨水。 但是印度尼西亚的森林由于气候极度干燥还会起火。巴西东南部多年的干旱状况正在恶化。虽然厄尔尼诺带来的大雨可以缓解加利福尼亚的干旱，但也可能会导致洪灾发生和其他的灾难。 发生在1997-1998年期间的强厄尔尼诺已经造成大约21000人死亡，全球损失可达360亿美元。但是几个月之前就警告厄尔尼诺会来，它发生的机理人们已经足够了解以至于政府是能够提前准备的。然而，按照海外发展研究所（ODI）的说法，在过去的20年里只有12%的救灾基金被用在提前降低灾难带来的风险上，而不是用在事后恢复生产和家园重建上。尽管有证据表明在降低风险上每花一美元相当于灾后重建至少拯救两个人。

英语阅读理解带翻译篇

英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?”I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像大多数人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这一重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，可以改善窗口显示一个闪烁附近商店给我，我的步骤，并提出上述建议的仓库保管员。一发现我付出，离开是，它几乎是不可能放弃任何在这个世界上，没有得到回报，尽管返回往往在一个意想不到的形式。一个星期天上午，当地邮局作了重要特别