《新航标职业英语 综合英语(修订版)教师用书 2 》unit1 电子教案
Unit
1
Automobiles Background
1. World Famous Car Manufacturers:
The first car manufacturers in the world were the German Mercedes-Benz (1881), and the French Peugeot (1891) and Panhard & Levassor (1889) . Now there are many manufacturers worldwide, and among them, some of the greatest and most successful are:
(1) Audi (奥迪): Audi is a German car manufacturer that has been in the market since 1899 and is
headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany.
(2) BMW (宝马): BMW (Bavarian Motor W orks) is a German automobile manufacturing company that has
been in the market since 1916.
(3) Buick (别克): David Dunbar Buick founded the Buick automobile company in 1903. It is situated in
Detroit, Michigan, USA and has markets in the United States, Canada, China, Qatar, Kuwait, Israel, and other countries and regions.
(4) Cadillac (凯迪拉克): Cadillac was founded by Henry M. Leland in 1902 in Detroit, Michigan, USA.
General Motors (GM) is the parent company and owner of Cadillac.
(5) Ferrari (法拉利): In 1947, Enzo Ferrari founded his auto company which has been manufacturing sports
cars. Its biggest success story has been Formula One (一级方程式赛车).
(6) Ford Motor Company (福特汽车公司): Ford Motor Company was founded by Henry Ford on June 16,
1903. It produces mainstream/performance vehicles and automotive parts. It is situated in Dearborn, Michigan, USA.
(7) General Motors Corp. (通用汽车公司): General Motors Corp. was founded by William C. Durant in
1908. It is the world’s second largest automaker. It is situated in Detroit, Michigan, USA. GM is serving worldwide.
(8) Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (本田汽车公司): Honda Motor Co., Ltd. was founded by Soichiro Honda (本
田宗一郎) on September 24, 1948 and it is situated in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It produces cars, trucks, motorcycles, scooters, A TVs, electrical generators, robots, marine equipment, jets and jet engines, and lawn and garden equipment. Honda and Accura are its car brands.
(9) Mercedes-Benz (梅赛德斯—奔驰): Mercedes-Benz was founded by Karl Benz in 1881. It is situated in
Stuttgart, Germany. It produces cars, trucks, buses and engines.
(10) Toyota (丰田): Toyota was founded by Kiichiro Toyota (丰田喜一郎) in 1937. It is situated in Aichi,
Nagoya, Tokyo, Japan, and Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. It also manufactures robots.
2. Non-renewable fuels (非可再生燃料):
There are four fundamental non-renewable fuels. They are: oil and petroleum products [known more simply as gasoline (汽油), propane (丙烷), and diesel fuel (柴油燃料)], natural gas, uranium (nuclear energy, 铀) and coal.
The only liquid non-renewable commercial fuel is petroleum (also called crude oil, 原油). Natural gas and propane gas are in gaseous forms and the only solid non-renewable fuel is coal. All fossil fuels are known to be non-renewable, but not all non-renewable fuels are fossil fuels. Non-renewable fuel is something not only uncommon, but also scarce, which makes it valuable. Natural gas is perhaps the most precious—it can be burnt—and the end result would be what we all long for-clean air.
Suggested Teaching Plan
Getting Ready
Have the students think about the question—what kinds of vehicles do you most often see on the road? Give some hints if necessary. (1 min.)
A (3 min.)
a. Focus the students’ at tention on the pictures and have them get familiar with the names of the vehicles.
b. Have the students work in pairs and match the names of the vehicles with the pictures.
c. Give the students the names of the Chinese equivalents of these vehicles.
B (6 min.)
a. Have the students work in pairs and discuss the questions. Then have them share their ideas with another pair.
b. Have some of the students answer these questions. Encourage them to share their ideas with the whole
Text A
1. Have the students listen to the recording and practice reading the new words and expressions. (10
min.)
2. Have the students listen to the recording with their textbooks closed, and have them focus on
improving their listening skills. (5 min.)
3. Have the students listen to the recording again, skim the text and elicit the main ideas, especially
from the subtitles, that the text tells us of the effects the automobile has on the world. (5 min.)
4. Have the students read the text carefully and search for specific information. (20 min.)
a. Have the students answer the questions in Exercise A.
b. Upon finishing reading the entire passage, have the students complete the statements about the main
ideas in Exercise B.
5. Help the students have a deep understanding of the text by explaining the language points. If time
permits, have the students practice using them by composing new sentences. (25 min.)
6. After an in-depth reading, have the students list some other effects aside from the effects already
mentioned in Text A that the automobile has on the world by answering the question in Exercise C.
(5 min.)
7. The students should have a basic knowledge of the effects the automobile has on the world. Write a
summary of the text and have the students memorize the two paragraphs in Exercise D. (10 min.)
Language Points
Paragraph 1
1. The development of the automobile introduced sweeping changes in employment patterns, social
interaction, infrastructure and goods distribution.
(1) sweeping a. wide in range or effect 影响大的；彻底的；广泛的
sweeping changes that mean job cuts in every department
意味着每个部门都要裁员的全面变更
sweeping proposals
内容广泛的建议
(2) interaction n. reciprocal action or influence 交流，交往；互动
the degree of interaction between teacher and student
师生之间交流的程度
superficial interactions with other people
和其他人泛泛的交往
(3) infrastructure n. the basic systems and structures that a country or organization needs in order to
work properly, for example, transport, communications and banking systems 基础设施（如运输、通信和银行体系等）；基础结构
the country’s econom ic infrastructure
国家的经济基础设施
improvements in the country’s infrastructure
国家基础设施的改善
Paragraph 2
2. However, the effects of the automobile on everyday life have become a subject of controversy.
(1) effect on…对……的影响
Inflation is having a disastrous effect on the economy.
通货膨胀正给经济带来灾难性的影响。
Seeing my father in such pain really had an effect on my mom.
看到父亲如此痛苦，母亲的确受到了影响。
(2) controversy n. a serious argument or disagreement, especially about something such as a
plan or decision, that continues for a long time争论；辩论；争议
Dahl’s letter to The Times provoked controversy.
达尔写给《泰晤士报》的信引起了争议。
He resigned Tuesday after months of controversy.
他在经历了数月的争论之后于星期二辞职了。
3. The introduction of the mass-produced automobile certainly began a revolution in mobility and
convenience, but the large number of cars in use is contributing to the depletion of non-renewable fuels, thousands of road accident deaths and injuries, social isolation, a rise in obesity, and increased air and noise pollution.
(1) contribute to…to help cause something 对……起促进作用
V arious factors contributed to his failure.
各种因素导致了他的失败。
Y ellow fever contributed to his early death at the age of 19.
黄热病导致他19岁便早早去世。
(2) non-renewable a. of types of energy such as coal or gas that cannot be replaced once they have
been used （能源）不可再生的
the diminishing non-renewable resource of coal
不断减少、不可再生的煤资源
The fibers are made from oil—a non-renewable resource.
这几种纤维是用石油这种不可再生的资源制造的。
Paragraph 3
4. Worldwide, the automobile has allowed us easier access to far places.
access (to…) n. success in entering a place or in seeing someone or something 到达（某地）；见到（某人或某物）
The police managed to gain access through an upstairs window.
警察设法通过楼上的一扇窗户进入了屋子。
He was not allowed access to a lawyer.
他未被允许接触律师。
5. However, the average journey time has increased in large cities as a result of widespread automobile use. as a result of... because of something that has happened作为……的结果，由于……
As a result of the pilots’ strike, all the flights have had to be cancelled.
由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。
Elizabeth is suffering memory loss as a result of an unknown disease.
伊丽莎白由于患上了一种不知名的疾病而丧失了记忆。
6. This is due to traffic jams and the increased distances between home and work brought about by urban expansion. due to…because of, caused by 因为……，由于……
The company’s problems are due to a mixture of bad luck and poor management.
该公司的问题综合起来出在运气不佳以及管理不善。
The 15:30 train to Sheffield has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.
由于一些我们不能控制的情况，15点30分开往谢菲尔德的火车已经被取消。
Paragraph 4
7. the development of the automobile has contributed to changes in employment, goods distribution, shopping patterns, social interactions, manufacturing priorities and city planning.
priority n. the thing that you think is most important and that needs attention before anything else 优先考虑的事
First let’s de cide what our priorities are.
首先让我们决定要优先考虑的事项。
The priority is protecting the public from their attacks.
第一要务是保护民众免受其伤害。
Paragraph 5
8. Aside from industries, one of the most visible effects the automobile has had on the world is the huge increase in the number of roads.
aside from…
(1) in addition to…除……以外还……
Aside from physical problems, these patients also show a lot of hostility.
这些病人除了身体方面的问题外，还表现出很多的敌意。
Aside from helpful tips, the book also contains a guide to the city’s restaurants.
除了提供一些有用的建议外，这本书中还包括该市的餐厅指南。
(2) except for………除外（表示例外）
Aside from that one little problem, the day was perfect.
除了那个小问题外，那天过得好极了。
Aside from her last novel, the rest of her works are all famous.
除了最后一部小说，她的其他作品都很有名。
9. For example, between 1921 and 1941, the United States spent US$40 billion on roads, increasing the length of roads from 387,000 miles (619,000 kilometers) to over 1,000,000 miles (1.6 million kilometers) and that doesn’t even take road widening into account.
take account of sth. / take sth. into account to consider or include particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment about something 把某事考虑在内
These figures do not take account of changes in the rate of inflation.
这些数字没有考虑到通货膨胀率的变化。
The manager asked for 21 marketing cases to be taken into account.
经理要求将21个市场营销的案例考虑在内。
Paragraph 6
10. The use of automobiles makes up20 to 25 percent of the carbon dioxide emissions that are believed to
be causing global climate change.
(1)make up sth. to combine together to form a particular system, group, result, etc.; to constitute形
成，组成，构成
Women make up only 30% of the workforce.
妇女仅占劳动力的30%。
Women officers make up 13 percent of the police force.
女警官构成了警力的13%。
be made up of…由……组成
The committee is made up of representatives from every state.
该委员会由来自每个州的代表组成。
Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller components called quarks.
质子和中子由叫做夸克的更小的粒子构成。
(2)beli eve…to be… 认为……是……
They believed Prof. Brown to bet he most popular teacher in the university.
他们认为布朗教授是这所大学里最受欢迎的老师。
At 115, Mrs. Jackson is believed to be one of the oldest people in the world.
115岁高龄的杰克逊夫人被认为是世界上最年长的人之一。
Paragraph 7
11. With increased road-building came bad effects on wildlife habitats.
habitat n. the natural home of a plant or animal（植物的）生长地，产地；（动物的）栖息地The polar bear’s habitat is the icy waters of the Arctic.
北极熊的栖息地是冰冷的北极水域。
Mountain areas are the natural habit at of the golden eagle.
山区是金雕的自然栖息地。
12. Road construction through sensitive habitat areas can damage ecosystems and increase the risk of flooding.
sensitive a. easily hurt, upset or damaged by slight changes 易受伤害的；敏感的
Don’t be so sensitive—I wasn’t criticizing you!
别那么敏感——我不是在批评你！
Joel is such a sensitive boy.
乔尔这个男孩儿真够敏感的。
Paragraph 8
13. Automobiles were incorporated into all parts of life from music to books to movies.
incorporate v.to include something as part of a group, system, plan, etc.把（某物）并入，包含；吸收We’ve incorporated many environmentally-friendly features into the design of the building.
我们在这座建筑的设计中加进了许多环境友好型的特点。
Our original proposals were not incorporated in the new legislation.
新立法没有包括我们当初的提议。
14. Having a car has become associated with independence, freedom, and increased social status.
associated with…connected with a particular subject, activity, group, etc.（与……）有关；（与……）有瓜葛
I wouldn’t want to be associated with McKey’s project.
我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。
How did the colors red and green become associated with Christmas?
红色与绿色是怎样与圣诞节联系在一起的？
Paragraph 9
15. Because of the automobile, cities grew faster, and suburbs in automobile—intensive cultures
developed more quickly.
intensive a. involving a lot of activity, effort or careful attention in a short period of time 加强的；集中的
a ten-week intensive course in English
为期十周的英语强化课程
a period of intensive fighting
战斗激烈的一段时期
intensify v. to increase in degree or strength 加强，增强
Police have now intensified the search for the lost child.
警方已加紧寻找那个失踪的孩子。
Winds intensified during the afternoon.
下午风力加强了。
Language Focus
Vocabulary (7 min.)
A Focus the students’ attention on the five groups of words by discussing the differences among the three words in each group. Have the students read each group of sentences aloud and make sure they understand the meaning.
B Have the students finish Exercise B in pairs. One student reads aloud the words in Column A, while the other chooses the proper phrase that agrees with it from Column B.
C Have the students look through the given vocabulary, and have them complete the sentences individually and check their answers in pairs. Then have some of the students read the sentences aloud one by one.
Structure(6 min.)
A Have the students study the example sentence. Have the m think and figure out that “due to…” means “caused by...” or “because of…”. Then have the students rearrange the words and phrases into correct sentences using “due to...”. Have the students read the sentences one by one.
B Have the students study the exam ple sentences. Have them look back at the structures “aside from…” and “as a result of…” in Text A. Have them compose sentences using the words and phrases in parentheses. Finally, have the students take turns to read the sentences, making corrections if necessary.
Translation(10 min.)
A Have the students work individually or in pairs. Check their E-C translation orally.
B Have five students write their C-E translation on the board and make corrections if necessary. Highlight
Grammar
English Basic Sentence Patterns
1. Explain the five English basic sentence patterns to the students. The following is for your reference. (3 min.)
2. Choose some sentences in Text A and try to identify their sentence patterns. (3 min.)
a. Explain the following sentences in Text A and point out their sentence patterns.
b. Have the students find more examples in Text A
Exercises
A (6 min.)
a. Have the students do the exercises and have them check their answers in pairs.
b. Check the answers with the class and make explanations if necessary.
B (8 min.)
a. Have some students translate the sentences into English using the given patterns.
b. Have the students summarize the structures of the five sentence patterns again.
Text B
1. Have the students open their books and go through all the words and expressions following Text B.
Then have them listen to the recording. (10 min.)
2. Have the students listen to the recording of Text B, and then have them read the text quickly and try
to grasp its main idea. (5 min.)
3. Have the students read the text again and get to know something about the process of assembling a
car. Help them understand how an assembly plant works.(25 min.)
4. Have the students collect and learn the names of different parts of a car used in the text. Then have
them list more. (5 min.)
Vocational Focus
Purchasing a Car
Have the students find out the assembly process of a car and help them get some information as if they are going to buy a car, and have them discuss the important factors they should consider before purchase. (90 min.)
Step 1 Have the students read Text B in detail and try to make clear the assembly process in car manufacturing. And then, have them fill out the form.
Step 2 Have the students search in the library to get some basic knowledge of car models.
Besides, have the students explore the Internet to know something about some car models as well as some suggestions and recommendations, etc. The following are some useful websites:
1. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be3492847.html,/
2. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be3492847.html,/
3. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be3492847.html,/
4. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be3492847.html,/
5. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be3492847.html,/
a. Have the students work in pairs to describe what they find about the different car models, and what are
their advantages and disadvantages.
b. Have the students look at the pictures of different car models and match each picture with its name by
filling in the table with the correct numbers of the pictures.
c. Have the students choose their models.
d. Have several pairs tell why they choose the models, and what they know about a car model if they,
their families or friends have the same model of car.
Step 3 Have the students search in the library to get some basic knowledge of car brands.
Moreover, have them explore the Internet to know something about car brands as well as some customers’ comments, etc. Have them consult the websites listed above.
a. Have the students work in pairs to describe what they find about the different car brands and their
popularity in China.
b. Have the students look at and learn the logos of different car brands.
c. Have the students work in pairs and tell each other which country each brand of car is made in. Then
have them compare their answers with other pairs.
d. Have the students choose their favorite car brand and have several pairs talk about why they chose
that brand, and what they know about that car, especially if they, their families or friends own the same brand of car.
e. Have the students make a choice of their favorite car. If it is one that’s not listed in the table, ask them
in which country that car is made.
Step 4 Once you decide to purchase a new car, you may consider many factors, such as cost, color, brand, safety, size, fuel consumption, etc.
a. Have the students discuss the following question: If you were buying a car, what would be the most
important factors you would consider?
b. Have the students work in pairs. Have them tick (√) their choice(s). They can add their own
concerns to the table.
Step 5 Have the students add their own suggestions to the table if they want to buy a second-hand car. They can consult the Internet for help.
Step 6 Nowadays, there are a lot of automobile brands and models to choose from.
Therefore it is difficult to make a choice. Some people are considering buying a second-hand car instead of a new one because of the lower price. Based on the discussion of every pair, have one student from each pair report their decision to the whole class.
Skill Focus
Listening
Product Introduction and Company Profile
Have the students quickly go through the useful words and expressions before doing the exercises. (2 min.)
A (6 min.)
a. Play the recording once. Have the students write down the sentence numbers in the correct boxes while
listening to the recording. Then check their answers.
b. Play the recording again and have the students listen to the sentences without referring to their books.
B (7 min.)
a. Encourage the students to read through the incomplete passage to get the gist of it.
b. Play the recording through once and encourage the students to get as much information as they can the
first time. Then play the recording again, and pause if necessary for the students to check or change their answers.
c. Elicit useful language from the passage to assist the students in understanding the expressions used in a
company profile.
d. Have a student read the passag
e.
Speaking
Have the students go through the useful words and expressions before doing the exercises to ensure they can understand and read the expressions correctly. (3 min.)
A (7 min.)
a. Play the recording once and have the students read along with it.
b. Give a brief explanation of the passage to make sure the students understand it.
c. Have the students imitate the recording by reading the paragraphs alou
d.
d. Have some students read the paragraphs aloud; give comments if necessary.
B (9 min.)
a. Have the students get familiar with the names of the car brands shown in the chart.
b. Have the students work in pairs and use the information shown by the chart to prepare their
questions and answers.
C (11 min.)
a. Clarify some data in the chart and have the students go through the expressions for reference.
b. In explaining the bar chart, guide the students by asking questions such as:
What can you see in the sales trend of Hangzhou’s auto market?
Did the auto sales increase or decrease in general in Hangzhou?
What is the trend of the auto sales in Zhejiang Province in the last season shown in this chart? What about that of the whole country?
c. Have the students prepare their presentations in groups.
d. Have some groups give their presentations in front of the class. Offer affirmative comments and
constructive criticism where necessary.
Simulated Writing
Writing a Letter of Apology
1. Before the students open their books, make sure they have a good understanding of a letter of apology
and its format. (5 min.)
a. Point out that a letter of apology is necessary when one wants to express regrets for having made a
mistake, having done something wrong, or having caused some damage, trouble or inconvenience, or having broken a promise, missing an appointment, failing to reply to a letter, or having found oneself unable to satisfy the needs of others, etc.
b. Review the format of a letter, including how to write the date, the salutation, the body, the signature,
etc.
2. Have the students open their books and tell them the parts that a letter of apology may include.(10 min.)
a. Refer the students to the samples in the Student Book and give some explanations.
b. Have the students read the two samples and compare the two letters. Focus their attention on the
differences in the use of language between a personal letter of apology and a more formal business letter of apology.
c. Elicit the useful expressions in writing a letter of apology in different ways.
d. The following Chinese version of the two samples is for your referenc
e.