2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解C篇(带答案精准校对提高版)

Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.

(C)

The California Public Employees' Retireme nt System (CalPERS) has positi oned itself as the premier champion of investor rights, regularly singling out bad managers at some of the nation's largest companies in its annual corporate-governance focus lists. And with $153 billion under management. Wall Street tends to listen when CalPERS speaks out. But the country's largest pension fund has never taken on as big a fish as it did Dec. 16, when it filed a class action against the New York Stock Excha nge and seve n of its member firms. CalPERS' suit charges the NYSE and specialist firms with fraud, alleging that the exchange skirted its regulatory duties and allowed its members to trade stocks at the expe nse of in vestors.

The move is a major slap in the face for the NYSE's recen tly appo in ted in terim Chairma n John Reed. The former Citibank chairman and CEO came on board in September after the excha nge's Ion gtime head, Richard Grasso, resig ned un der pressure over public outrage about his excessive compe nsati on.

Reed has been widely criticized by CalPERS and other institutional investors for not in cludi ng represe ntatives of in vestors on the excha nge's n ewly con stituted board and not clearly separating the exchange's regulatory function from its day-to-day operations. The CalPERS lawsuit is evide nee that the in vestme nt com mun ities' dissatisfacti on has n't ebbed. "Our hopes were dashed whe n Mr. Reed did n't perform," says Harriga n.

The suit alleges that seven specialist firms profited by abusing and overusing a series of tradi ng tactics. The tactics, which are n ot curre ntly illegal, i nclude "pe nny jump in g," where a firm positions itself between two orders to capture a piece of the price differential, "front running," which in volves trad ing in adva nee of customers based on con fide ntial in formati on obta ined by their orders, and "freezing" the firm's order book so that the firm can make trades on its own acco unt first.

Many of the suit's allegations are based on a previously disclosed investigation of the excha nge con ducted by the Securities & Excha nge Commissi on. Accord ing to the suit, the October SEC report found "serious deficiencies

in the NYSE's surveillanee and investigative procedures, including a habit of ignoring repeat violations by

specialist firms."

The suit highlights the growing frustration that institutional investors have expressed with what they perceive as a system that needs to be revamped -- if not eliminated. According to California State Comptroller Steve Westley, a CalPERS board member who participated in the Dec. 16 press conference, he has repeatedly called on the NYSE to end

its use of specialist firms to facilitate trades and move to a system of ope nly match ing of buyers and sellers. BLIND EYE? "There's no reas on not to move to a fully automated excha nge," Westley says. "Every excha nge in the world is using such a system. The time is now for the NYSE to move into the 21st century and remove the cloud that there's self-deali ng worki ng aga in st in vestors."

62.What does the word a fish'” (Para. 1) probably refer to ?

A.CalPERS.

B.pe nsion fun d.

C. Wall Street.

D. NYS

E.

63.The CalPERS lawsuit in dicates that ______________ .

A.the NYSE did ignore its regulatory duties

B.Joh n Reed should resig n like his predecessor

C.the in vestors were dissatisfied with the NYSE

D.the excha nge should have its board reelected

64.Which of the followi ng stateme nts is Not true ?

A.lnvestors were not sufficiently represented on NYSE ' s board.

B.The seve n specialist firms made profits by illegal procedures.

C.CalPERS ' suit against the NYSE resulted largely from a SEC ' s report.

D. NYSE had ignored the firms 'improper operati ons for a long time

65.Accordi ng to Westley, NYSE 's problem results from .

A.its reliance on specialist firms

B. its system of match ing traders

C. its automated excha nge

D. its violation of investors 'in terest

66.The best title for the text may be ________________

A . Champion of investor rights

B . Seven specialist firms

C. CalPERS speaks out to Wall Street

D . Lawsuits against NYSE

Keys 62-66 CBAA

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfini shed stateme

nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the

information given in the passage you have read.

(C)

Some of the world ' s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food

riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decli ne in

the growth in yields of some of the world study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal

s major crop looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.

The authors take a vast nu mber of data points for the four most importa nt crops: rice, wheat, corn and soya

beans. They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improveme nt in yields that took place

before the 1980s slowed dow n in the 1990s and 2000s.

There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world ' s

most populo人口多的)countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of

relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for

granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.

Second, yield growth has bee n lower in wheat and rice tha n in corn and soybea ns. This is problematic because

wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soya beans

are more important as feed grains. The authors note that

“ we have prefere ntially focused our crop improveme nt efforts on feedi ng ani mals and cars rather than on

crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.

The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of ano ther new paper which suggests that the world will not

have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture

Organization has argued.

Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to

revert（回返）to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.

63．What does the author try to draw attention to?

A.Food riots and hunger in the world.

B.News headlines in the leading media.

C.The decline of the grain yield growth.

D.The food supply in populous countries.

64．Why does the author mention India and China in particular?

A.Their self -sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.

B.Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.

C.Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.

D.Their food self -sufficiency has been taken for granted.

65．What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?

A.They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.

B.They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.

C.They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.

D.They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.

66．What does the Food and Agriculture Organization say about world food production in the coming decades?

A.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.

B.The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.

C.The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.

D.The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.

67．How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organization?

A.It is built on the findings of a new study.

B.It is based on a doubtful assumption.

C.It is backed by strong evidence.

D.It is open to further discussion.

Keys: 63-67 CADDB

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.

(C)

Yang Yuanqing, Lenovo ' s boss, hardly spoke a word of English until he was about 40. But when Lenovo bought IBM ' s

persooalputer division in 2005 he decided to immerse himself in En glish: he moved his family to North Caroli na, hired a Ian guage tutor and spe nt hours watchi ng cable-TV n ews. He con ducted all his bus in ess in En glish except for briefi ng for the Chin ese press.

Lenovo is one of a grow ing nu mber of mult in ati on als from the non -An gloph one world that have made En glish their official la nguage. The fashi on bega n in places with small populati ons but global ambitions such as Singapore, which kept English as its lingua franca ( 通用语)when it left the British empire n 1963, and Switzerland. Goran Lindahl, a former boss of ABB, a Swiss-Swedish engineering giant, once described its official Ianguage as “ poorEnglish ” its official language as “ poor English. The practice spread to the big European countries: numerous

Germa n and French mult in ati on als now use En glish in board meeti ngs and official docume nts. Audi may use a Germa n phrase —

Vorspr ung durch Tech nik, or progress through engin eeri ng

—in its advertisements, but it is impossible to progress through its management ranks without good English. When Christoph Franz

became boss of Lufthansa in 2011 he made English its official Ianguage even though all but a handful of the airline 50 smost senior managers were

Germa n.

There are some obvious reas ons why mult in ati onal compa nies want a lin gua fran ca. Adopt ing En glish makes it easier to recruit global stars (in clud ing board members), reach global markets, assemble global production teams and integrate foreign acquisitions. Such steps are especially important to companies in Japan, where the population is shrinking.

There are less obvious reasons too. Rakuten ' boss, Hiroshi Mikitani, argues that English promotes free thi nki ng because it is free from the status disti nctions which characterise Japa nese and other Asia n Ian guages. Anton ella Mei-Pochtler of the Bost on Con sult ing Group no tes that Germa n firms get through their bus in ess much faster in En glish tha n in laborious Germa n. En glish can provide a neutral Ianguage in a merger(合并而成的公司):when Germany' Hoechst and

France ' FSi?ne-Poulenc combined in 1999 to create Aventis, they decided it would be run in

En glish, in part to avoid choos ing betwee n their respective Ian guages.

Tsedal Neeley of Harvard Busin ess School says that “ En glish ni sati on ”，a word she borrows

from Mr Mikitani, can stir up a hornet 'nest （马蜂窝）of emotions. Slow learners lose their self-c on fide nee, worry about their job security. Cliques（小团体）of the flue nt and the non -flue nt can develop. So can lawsuits: in 2004 workers at a French subsidiary of GE took it to court for requiring them to read internal documents in English; the firm received a hefty fine. In all, a policy desig ned to bring employees together can all too easily have the opposite effect.

63.Why does the author mention Yang Y uanqing in the first para?

A.To argue aga inst a viewpoi nt

B. To in troduce the topic

C. To illustrate a received opinion

D. To raise a questi on

64.Which of the following is TRUE about Audi according to the passage ？

A.Germa n is seldom used in its advertiseme nts.

B.Most of its senior man agers are based on Germa ny.

C.Employees who can ' t speak English are less likely to be promoted.

D.I t is an auto maker most famous for the tech no logy that it has developed.

65.Why do mult in ati onal compa nies adopt En glish?

A. E nglish makes it easier for them to go global.

B.En glish is most widely used in adva need coun tries.

C.En glish bridges the gap betwee n man agers from differe nt coun tries.

D.En glish helps them to dist in guish betwee n junior and senior employees.

66.Tsedal Neeley is most likely to argue that ____________ .

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be9507517.html,ing English as a company ' s official language may not achieve its intended purpose

B.emotio nal an xiety is very com mon in a compa ny before En glish is officially used

C.slow learners shouldn ' t be punished in an-speashng company

D.it is better for internal documents to be written in English

Keys: 63-66 BCAA

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.

（C）

Polls can provide important guidance for politicians, but there are times when it is foolish and dangerous to rely on a temporarily misinformed public for a political compass. The current debate over Social Security provides one of the most compelling examples in modern history of the pitfalls of poll -driven political strategy.

Yesterday two leading Democratic strategists publicly took their party to task for their"just say no" approach to the new President's program. "To say there is no problem simply puts Democrats out of the conversation for the great majority of the country that want political leaders to secure this very important retirement program," they warned, "V oters are looking for reform, change, and new ideas, but Democrats seem stuck in concrete."

Stuck, indeed. To be more exact, they are holding their ground and refusing to surrender to a president who is once again manufacturing a "crisis" for a political purpose. And why should they do otherwise, when this strategy is clearly working?

Let's start with the facts. According to the new President, Social Security can pay all promised benefits for the next 37 years without any changes at all. Even if nothing were done by 2043, the program would still pay a higher real benefit than what people receive today.

And even looking into the future of the 75-year planning period, the shortfall is less than what we fixed in the '50s, '60s, and '80s. In other words, Social Security is financially stronger today than it has been throughout most of its history.

So this attack on Social Security has nothing to do with the solvency （偿付能力） of the program. Nonetheless last week, a Quinnipiac University poll found that respondents, by a 49 to 42 percent margin, believed that Social Security would not be able to pay them a benefit when they retire. But this is a ridiculous idea, based completely on misinformation. It is even more far fetched （牵强的）than the notion, which also commanded a majority before the invasion of Iraq,

that Saddam Hussein was responsible for the massacre of 9/11.

In the case of Social Security, there is no dispute about the facts. There are just a few cheap verbal and accounting tricks that have been used to convince the public that Social Security faces serious problems. These are easily refuted.

The same Qui nn ipiac poll showed that 59 perce nt of America ns disapprove of the way the preside nt is han dli ng Social Security, with only 28 perce nt approvi ng. It makes no political sense to pretend that this attack on our nation's most successful and popular government program is actually an attempt to in sure its solve ncy. Eve n in politics, there are times whe n hon esty is the best policy.

63.What can we know about the Democrats, accord ing to the author?

A.they want to help secure the retireme nt program.

B.they refuse to admit that the Social Security program has bee n successful.

C.they are making efforts to solve the crisis of the Social Security program.

2021中考英语超全试题分类汇编(含解析)

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One【2018届上海市西南位育高三英语上学期10月试题】 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the ___41___one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not __42____to do the work, that most people do not listen well. Listening well also requires total ____43____upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or ___44___your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. ____45____, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary ____46____ of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to____47____up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be _____48____ only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth. Most of the time we____49____ this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening _____50____. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain_____51_____ results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in to hear. listening, or we simply____52____ to listen to what we don’t want It wasn’t until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic. In about a quarter of the patients I saw, ____53_____ improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy, before any of the____54_____of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for __55____ that he or she this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient’s __

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