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人教版新目标英语八年级下册知识点全归纳 2

人教版新目标英语八年级下册知识点全归纳 2
人教版新目标英语八年级下册知识点全归纳 2

八年级(下)英语知识讲解(人教)每单元均有重要的字、词的辨析及重要语句的分析与用法指导;有课文中的难重点分析与讲解;有针对性的训练及同步检测题,并且附有详细的解答。

目录

1 Unit 1 Will people have robots?

2 Unit 2 What should I do?

3 Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

4 Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.

5 Unit 5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!

6 Review of units 1-3

7 Review of units 4-5

8 八年级下学期期中复习(一)

9 改错小练

10 八年级下学期期中复习(二)

11 八年级期中考试模拟题

12 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?

13 Unit 7Would you mind turning down the music?

14 Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?

15 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?

16 Unit 10 It’s a nice day, isn’t it?

17 介词复习

18 Review of units 6-8

19 Review of units 9-10

20 八年级第二学期期末复习题

21 八年级第二学期期末模拟试题

22 How do you study for a test

23 Unit2 I used to be afraid of the dark

Unit 1

Will people have robots?

II. Grammar:

·一般将来时

·there will be ·few,a few,little,a little,much,many

语法小结:

一、一般将来时

1.用be doing表示将来:主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,常用于位置转移的动词。

如:go,come,leave,arrive等,也可用于其他动作动词。

We are having fish for dinner.

We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.

这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语,如果不带时间状语,则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。

A: Where are you going? B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?

A: Yes,I am just coming. Wait for me.

2.用be going to do表示将来:主要意义,一是表示―意图‖,即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。

Are you going to post that letter?

How long is he going to stay here?

I am going to book a ticket.

另一意义是表示―预见‖,即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。

It’s going to rain.

George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.

3. 用will/ shall do表示将来:

主要意义,一是表示预见。

You will feel better after taking this medicine.

Do you think it will rain?

二是表示意图.

I will not lend the book to you.

Take it easy,I will not do it any longer.

基本结构:

She will come to have class tomorrow.

Will she come to have class tomorrow?

She won’t come to have class tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow?

二、There be结构

1. there be结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。

There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。

There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。

There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。

There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。

2. 动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来

变换be的单复数形式。

如There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。

How many people are there in the city?这个城市里有多少人口?

There is a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。

There are two books and a pen on the desk.课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。

There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有一些学生和一位老师。

There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老师和一些学生。

3. 在there be引起的句子结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。

There is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。

There is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。

There is nothing to do. (=to be done)无事可做。

4、There is no doing.

(口语)不可能…….

There is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。

There is no knowing what he is doing.无法知道他在做什么。

三、课文难句解析

1. Will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗?

1) money 金钱;货币

eg.What's the money? 价钱是多少?

paper money 纸币;钞票

2) in 100 years 在100年之后

―in+一段时间‖常用在将来时态中

eg.I'll come in an hour. 我一小时后来。

I'll see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。

2. There will be less leisure time.空闲时间会更少。

1) less形容词:较少的(是little的比较级),修饰不可数名词,其最高级是least;反义词是more。

eg.Jane's less beautiful than Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。

Five is less than six.5比6少。

2) leisure time 空闲时间

eg.What do you do in your leisure time? 你空闲时间做些什么?

3. I think there will be more pollution.我认为将会有更多的污染产生。

1) think后跟的是宾语从句,且宾语从句是there be句型的一般将来时,结构为―there will be+物+其他成分‖。

eg.I think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天会下雨。

I think there will be fewer trees. 我认为将来树木会更少。

2) pollution表示―污染‖,用作不可数名词。

例如:They did a lot to stop water pollution.他们采取大量措施制止水污染。

4. I don't agree.我不同意。

agree在本句中作动词,I don't agree.是一句交际用语,表示―不赞成某人或某人的观点‖,如果表赞成,则为I agree。

1) 表示―同意某人意见‖时用agree with sb,该短语不能用于被动语态。

eg.Did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗?

I don't agree with what she said.我不同意她所说的。

2) 表示―同意(某计划、办法、建议、条件)‖时,用agree to(to在此用作介词,其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分),该短语可以用于被动语态。

eg.I agree to your idea.我同意你的想法。

My plan was agreed to by all of them.他们所有的人都同意我的计划。

3) 表示―就……取得一致意见‖用agree on(或upon),指―两者或两者以上的商定,达成协议‖。

eg.They both agreed on the date for the meeting.他们双方都同意开会的日期。

4) agree后还可以接不定式,不接动名词,表示―同意做某事‖。

eg.They agreed to leave tomorrow afternoon.他们同意明天下午动身。

5. What do you think Sally will be in five years? 你认为萨莉5年之后将会是什么样子?

此句中的do you think是插入语,其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。

eg.Which book do you think she will like? 你认为她会喜欢哪本书?

Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事?

6. I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海,并且喜欢上了这座城市。

1) go表示―去‖,过去式是went,―go to+地名‖表示―到某地去‖。

eg.When will you go to school? 你什么时候去上学?

He will go to the factory tomorrow.他明天要去那所工厂。

如果go后面接副词,不用to。

eg.He went home at before six yesterday evening.他昨天晚上6点前回家的。

2) last year意为―去年‖,用于一般过去时态中。

eg.He went to London last year.去年他去了伦敦。

3) love爱,热爱,其反义词是hate;fall in love with是―喜爱;爱上;与……相恋‖的意思。

eg.He went to Harbin last year and fell in love with it.去年他去了哈尔滨,并且喜欢上了那里。

7. I can't have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能养宠物,因为我妈不喜欢他们

1) because在这句中用作连词,引导原因状语从句,表示―因为‖。注意在英语中because 不能和so同时使用。

eg.John didn't go to school because he was ill. 约翰没有上学,因为他病了。

2) hate表示―不喜欢,憎恨‖,后可跟名词或代词作宾语,也可用词组hate doing sth.,表示―讨厌做某事‖。

eg.He hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。

I hate swimming in the lake. 我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。

8. I'll probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。

1)go doing sth. 结构,表示―去做……

go skating去滑冰go swimming去游泳go shopping去买东西

go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船

eg.My father goes fishing every week.我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。

I like going skating.我喜欢去滑冰。

2) every day与everyday区别:every day表示―每天‖,通常与一般现在时连用;而everyday 表示―日常的,每天发生的,每日所用的‖,是形容词。例如:

eg.I get up at six every day. 我每天6点起床。

He wears everyday clothes today.今天他穿一身便服。

9. During the week I’ll look smart,and probably will wear a suit.

在工作日里,我会看上去很精神,也许会穿一身套装。

1) during表示―在……期间‖,during the week是介词短语,意为―在工作日里‖。

eg.The sun gives us light during the day. 太阳在白天给我们阳光。

He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。

2) look表示―看上去‖,用作连系动词,其后接形容词作表语。

eg.That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。

You look very beautiful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。

3) wear表示―穿‖,表示状态,用一般现在时表示经常状态,用现在进行时表示暂时状态。

eg.We wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我们在下雨天穿雨鞋。

She is wearing a new coat.她穿着一件新衣服。

Does he wear glasses? 她戴眼镜吗?

put on是―穿上‖,―戴上‖的意思,强调动作。

eg.She put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上红色大衣出去了。

注意:put on是一时的动作,不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。

他整天戴着草帽。误:He puts on a hat all day. 正:He wears a hat all day.

10. I'll go to Hong Kong on vacation.我会去香港度假。

on vacation意为―在度假‖,on表示―处于……状态中‖。

eg.He will go to Hangzhou on vacation.他要到杭州度假。

My father will be away on business tomorrow.我爸爸明天要出差。

11. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样?

1) What's the weather like? 是询问天气怎么样,相当于How is the weather?What be … like?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见,意思是―……怎么样?‖ 类似的说法还有What do yo u think of…? How do you like…?等句型。

eg.What is the book like? =What do you think of the book?

=How do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样?

What's the weather like today?=How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?

2) What is/are…1ik e? 可用来提问天气情况,也可用来对人(或物)的外观、外貌提问,还可以用来对其特性提问。

eg.What's the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?

What's the young girl like? 那个年轻女孩长什么样?

What was the book like? 那本书怎么样?

12. There were many famous predictions that never came true.(过去)有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测

1) 本句中that never came true是个定语从句,用于修饰先行词predictions,that为引导词,作定语从句的主语,不可省略。

2) come true指―理想,梦想等实现‖。come是连系动词;true是形容词,做连系动词come 的表语。

eg.My dream will come true someday. 有一天我的梦想会实现。

Her dream to go to university has come true.她上大学的愿望实现了。

Unit 2What should I do?

【单元目标】

2.目标句型:

1. What should I do?

2. Why don’t you…?

3. You could …

4. You should…

5. You shouldn’t…

3.语法

情态动词的用法Ⅰ

【重难点分析】

情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅰ

* 情态动词也可称为―情态助动词(Modal Auxiliaries)‖,因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。

* 情态动词和其他动词连用,可表示说话人的语气。

* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。

* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。

* 常用的情态动词有:can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词;其他的还有ought to, need, dare 等。

一、九大情态动词的时态关系:

1. 现在式can -- 过去式could

2. 现在式may -- 过去式might

3. 现在式shall -- 过去式should

4. 现在式will -- 过去式would

5. 现在式must -- 过去式must (常用had to来代替)

二、情态动词表示“可能”或“预测”

(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to)

(1)can 和could 用于表示“可能”或“预测”:

1. He can't be at home. (否定句)

他不可能在家。

2. Can the news be true? (将情态动词can 置于主语the news 前就成疑问句)

这消息可能是真的吗?

3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。

(2)may 和might 用于表示“事实上的可能性”或“预测”:

1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。

2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测) 今天下午可能会下雪。

3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是对的。

(3)will 和would 用于表示“预测”或“习惯性”:

1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会)我想他现在一定好了。

2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母亲。

3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的)

他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。

(4)shall 和should 用于表示“必定”:

1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一天我会发达的。

2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是Sam 和他的母亲。

(5)must 用于表示“必定”,“必会”:

1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 这肯定对你是有益的。

2. All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。

3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗?

三、情态动词表示“许可”、“请求”

(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)

(1)can 和could 用于表示“许可”、“请求”:

1. Can I go with you? (请求) 我能跟你一起走吗?

2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。

3. Could I ask you something ? (请求,用could 比can 更婉转) 我可以问你一件事吗?(2)will 和would 用于表示“请求”

1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?(表示客气请求)

请问到邮局怎么走?

2. Would you give me your address? (用would 比will 表示更客气)

请你告诉我你的地址,好吗?

(3)shall 和should 用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见

1. Shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗?

2. What should we do next? (用should 比shall 表示更客气) 下一步我们该怎么做?

3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你?

(4)may 和might 用于表示“许可”(口语中多用can )

1. You may take a walk. (表示给予许可) 你可以散散步。

2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转) 是否请给我读一读这故事。

3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗?

4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗?

5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)

学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。

6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句,表示请求)

你是不对的,如果我可以这么说的话。

(5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不准”:

1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可) 此地不准停车。

2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比may not 更强)

你们不准在池里钓鱼。

四、重要短语和表达法(Key Words)

1.argue v.争论;争吵 argue with sb.与某人吵架

I argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。

Don’t argue with him. 别和他争吵了。

2.① either adv.(用于否定句)也

He doesn’t have any money, and I don’t, either.他没有钱,我也没有。

I can’t play chess. She can’t, either.我不会下国际象棋,她也不会。

② too 也(用于肯定或疑问句)

I’m a teacher.He is a teacher, too.我是老师,他也是老师。

We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,too?我们要去徒步旅行,他们也要去吗? 3.ask (sb.)for sth.向某人寻求某物;要……

Don't ask for food every day.Go and find some work.别天天要饭,找点儿工作做。

I don’t think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困难,可以向警察求助。

He didn't want to ask his teacher for his book back.他不想向老师要回他的书了。4.the same as... 与……相同

The clothes are the same as my friends'.这些衣服与我朋友的一样。

Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is as old as Anna.汤姆和安娜一样大。

Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包与我的一样。

5.except 除……以外;(不包括……在内)

My class has been invited except me.= Only I haven't been invited.

除我以外,我的同学都被邀请了。

All the students went to the park except him.= Only he didn't get to the park.They all toured America except her.

除了他以外,所有的学生都去美国旅行过。

besides 除……以外(包括在内)

We all went there besides him.= He went there.We went there, too.除他去以外,我们也都去了。

There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5倍访客

6.wrong adj.错误的;有毛病的;不合适的

Is there anything wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服?

─ What's wrong wi th you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)

─ I've got a headache.我头痛。

What’s wrong with your watch? It doesn't work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。adv.错误地;不正确地;不对地

He answered wrong.他答错了。

They knew they did wrong. 他们知道他们做错了。

7.get on well with sb.与某人相处融洽

The students will get on well with the teacher.学生会和老师相处得非常好。

We get on well with each other.我们彼此相处融洽。

Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?

她能与她班里所有的同学相处得好吗?

8.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.与某人打架

I don‘t want to have a fight with my cousin.我不想和我的堂兄打架。

They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.

他们从不打架,他们的确是好朋友。

五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)

What should I do? You could write him a letter.

What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him

What should they do? They shouldn't argue.

六、词语辨析

1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物

lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人

borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物

例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典. lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.

是指该句的主语把某物(往外)借给别人用

例如:Could you lend me your car? 请你借给我你的车用一下好吗?

2. ①get sb. to do…使……做(以人为对象时,有“说服……使做……”的含义)

He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。

You’ll never get her to agree.你决不可能使她同意。

②ask sb. to do…邀请(人)做……

We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会

③ tell sb. to do…让某人做某事例如:

The teacher told him to finish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。

3、be in style 时髦的,流行的

be out of style 过时的,不时髦的

例: Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。

Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。

七、课文解释

1、I don’t want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。

此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊

eg. My friend always surprises me.

2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流

eg. Call Jim on the phone. 找吉姆听电话。

Lily, you are wanted on the phone. 莉莉,你的电话

3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话

He called me (up) from New York. 他从纽约给我打来电话

=He gave me a call from New York.

4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信

5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券

eg. They got two tickets to tonight’s show.他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。

6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。

eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。

7、find out (研究、努力的结果)发现,查出,找出

You should find out (the answer) for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。

8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.

除了我以外,我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请(信)

此句中else一词不能单独使用它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面,或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”

eg. What else do you know about it? 关于此事你还知道什么别的方面

9、I can’t think wh at I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。

此句中 what I did wrong是宾语从句,作think的宾语应用陈述语序。

10、I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.我很沮丧,不知该干什么。

此句中 what to do是不定式作know的宾语,可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I don’t know what I should do.”

11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。

此句中 you could do是定语从句,修饰前面的名词“things”

12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。

Leave sth. +介词短语,是“把……忘在,落在(某处)的意思。

eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。

13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。

Try to do…努力做,试着做,尽量做

而try not to do 是尽量不做……

eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。

14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。

enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够……的”

eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。

15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下

16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事

see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事

eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球

17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做……(事)很难

He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

【单元目标】

2.目标句型:

1. What were you doing when...?

2. I was doing sth. when...

3. How about... / What about...?

4. What happened next?

5. While sth./sb. was doing sth., I did...

3.语法

1. 过去进行时

2. 情态动词的用法Ⅱ

【重难点分析】

一. 过去进行时

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作,常和表过去的时间状语连用,如:

I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。

They were waiting for you yesterday.他们昨天一直在等你。

过去进行时的构成:

肯定形式:主语+was/were+V-ing

否定形式:主语+was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)+V-ing

疑问形式:Was/Were+主语+V-ing。

基本用法:

1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有,at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…),when sb. did sth等时间状语从句,如:

What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么?

I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到玛丽是在三年前,当时她在一家无线电商店工作。

I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。

2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词,while后通常用表示持续性动词,因此它所引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用进行时态,如:

When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded.

3.when用作并列连词时,主句常用进行时态,从句则用一般过去时,表示主句动作发生的过程中,另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如:

I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。

4. when作并列连词,表示―(这时)突然‖之意时,第一个并列分句用过去进行时,when 引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如:

I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步,突然遇见了他。

We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩,这时下起雨来了。

二. 情态动词(Modal Verbs )Ⅱ

4、情态动词表示“应该”、“必须”(shall, should, may, might, must, ought to)

(1)shall 和should 用于表示“必须”:

①. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定) 每一个会员必须配带名卡。

②. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该) 我应该尽快给他回信。

③. You shouldn't judge a man al ways by the clothes. (shouldn't ―不应该‖含有劝告的意思)

你不应该总是以貌取人。

④. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于规章等,表示义务和规定)

新规则于一月一日起生效。

(2)may 和might 用于表示“应该"(多用于法律等条文,一般上多用shall):

①. Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定) 应以支票付款。

②. You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示应该)

你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。

(3)must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”:

①. You must keep the place clean. (务必) 你务必保持地方干净。

②. We must obey orders. (表示有义务) 我们必须服从命令。

③. Must I pay now? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时,需用needn't 或don't have to)

我现在就得付款吗?

5、情态动词表示“意图”、“打算”

(will, would, shall, should)

(1)will 和would 用于表示某种意图:

①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人称) 我会尽快打电话给你。

②. Will you accept this invitation? (用would 则表示更客气) 你愿意接受这邀请吗?

③. Who will do the job? (用于条件句,可用于各种人称) 谁愿意做这事?

④. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿) 我们不愿呆在这里太久。(2)shall 和should 用于表示说话人的意图:

①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用will not)

如果下雨,我们就不打算走了。

②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称) 我不打算和你一同走。

6、情态动词表示“意愿”

(will, would, shall, should)

(1)will 和would :

①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿) 如果你问她,她会做的。

②. Would you have another cup of tea? (用would 比will 客气) 你想再来一杯茶吗?

③. Will you have some cookies? (will用于疑问句,表示问人是否愿意)你想吃些烤饼吗?

④. If he will, he can do it. (will 用于条件句,用于第二、三人称) 如果他愿意,他会做的。

⑤. Would you excuse me? (would 表示婉转语气) 你能原谅我吗?

(2)shall 和should :

①. He shall get his allowance. (注意是he shall, 表示说话人的意愿)他会拿到他的津贴的。

②. You should sit here as long as you like. 只要你乐意,坐多久能行。

③. Shall you go to school with me? (疑问句中,表示问对方的意愿)

你愿意和我一起到学校去吗?

三. 重点词汇

1.cut v.切;剪;割

cut (one’s)hair理发

Be careful.Don't cut yourself.小心,别切到自己。

2.alien n.外星人

Nobody knows whether there are aliens or not.没人知道到底有没有外星人。

An alien got out of the UFO. 一个外星人从不明飞行物里出来。

3.land v.登岸;登陆;降落

The plane will land in ten minutes.飞机将在十分钟后降落。

A UFO landed in the middle of the field.. 一个不明飞行物降落在田野中间。

4.while conj.当……的时候;在……之时

While I danced, she sang.我跳舞,她唱歌。

While he was singing, I was playing baseball. 他当时在唱歌,而我在打棒球。

5.right adv.正好;恰好

The accident happened right over there.事故正好发生在那里。

He lives right in the center of the city. 他恰好住在市中心。

6.surprised adj.惊奇的;吃惊的

I was surprised that he was late for the party.我很惊讶他聚会居然迟到了。

Sh e was surprised that I didn’t know about that.她很吃惊我竟不知那件事。

7.kid v.欺骗;哄骗

I'm not kidding you.我没有骗你。

You’re kidding = No kidding.别开玩笑了。

8.anywhere adv.到处;无论哪里(用于否定句和一般疑问句中)

Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方?

They didn’t go anywhere the day before yesterday. 他们前日天哪里也没去

9.happen v.发生

A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday.昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。

What happened to him on that day? 那天他怎么了?(发生了什么事?)

sth. happen to +名词发生于……身上

She hoped nothing bad would happen to him.她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。

10.get out of 从……出去

She tried to get out of helping her mother.她尽量逃避帮助她的妈妈。

Tom got out of the lift and walked to the station. 汤姆走出电梯然后往车站走去。

11.run away 跑开;迅速离开;逃走

The thief ran away when someone noticed him.当有人注意到他的时候,那个贼立刻逃走了。

12.at the doctor's 在诊所;在医院

I'm thinking of going to the tailor's.在表示诊所、店铺或某人的家时,经常用名词所有格的形式。

Mr. Cool’s = Mr. Cool’s clothes store at Jason’s = at Jason’s store

She is staying at Mary's.她住在玛莉家。

I want to go to the tailor’s.我想到裁缝店去一趟。

13. see sb. Do sth. 看见某人做(过)某事

she saw the alien get out. 她看见外星人出来.

四.词语辨析

1、in front of 与in(at) the front of

in the front of 在……的前面(表示―有距离的前面‖,在一个参照物的前面)

e.g.: There is a car in front of the house. 房子前日面有一辆车

in(at) the front of 在……的前头,前排(列)(在一个范围内的前面部位)

eg. She sat in the front of the bus. 她坐在公交车的前排

2、get out of 与get into 是反义词

get into走进,进入

eg. He get out of the car and get into the building.

3、be amazing与be amazed

be amazing 令人惊奇的(修饰事物的,指某事令人惊奇,比surprising更具意外性

e.g.:She has an amazing talent for music.她在音乐方面有惊人的才华。

Isn’t that amazing .那不很令人意外吗?

be amazed (at sth./to do …/that 从句)(某人)对…(因…而)大感惊讶(指人作主语)

eg. We were amazed at the news.=We were amazed to hear the news.

我们对这个消息感到非常惊讶.

4、be surprising与 be surprised

be surprising令人惊奇的(用法与be amazing一样,也是修饰事物的)

e.g.:a surprising ending 一个令人惊奇的结局

be surprised (at sth./to do…/that从句) (某人)对…(因…而)感到惊奇,用法与be surprised 一样,也是人作主语。

eg. They were surprising that he was badly hurt in the audient. 他们很吃惊他在那次事故中伤得很重。

5、in a tree与 on a tree

eg. Are there any birds in the tree? 树上有些鸟吗?

on a tree 在树上(指长在树上的东西)

Look! There are many apples on the tree.

6、my flight to New York 与 fly to New York

前者是一个名词短语,后者是一个动词短语。

eg. Her flight to Paris is taking off at 2 p.m.

She is flying to Paris at 2 p.m.

五.课文解释:

1. You can imagine how strange it was!你可以想象这事有多惊奇!

eg. You can imagine how fast he runs!

2. I followed it to see where it was going

follow sb. to do sth. 跟随…去做…

eg. Mr White followed his wife to see what was happening there.

3. She didn’t think about looking outside the station.

Think about (doing) sth. 她未想到去车站外看看.

4. say to sb. 对某人say to oneself 自言自语

e.g.: He said to himself, ―Don’t be afraid.‖ 他自言自语,―不要害怕‖

5. look for 寻找(强调找的“过程”)find 找到(强调找的―结果‖)

eg. He looked for his lost key everywhere but couldn’t find it.

6. It was difficult to get out of bed. 从床爬起来很难。

It is difficult/hard to do sth. 做某事很难。

He found that it was difficult to learn physics well.

7. be killed 被杀害be destroyed by…被……摧毁……

8. walk home together in silence 沉默着一起走回家

in silence 状语(状态)

9. Not all events in history are as terrible as this.

并不是所有的历史上的大事件都像此事这样可怕。

Not all 并不是所有的(部分否定)

As…as…与……一样(as与as之间用形容词、副词的原级)

10. become the first Chinese astronaut in space. 成为中国首位进入太空的宇航员

11. His flight around the Earth Lasted about 22 hours. 他的环绕地球的飞行持续了22个小时。

12. Do you think sth. good can come out of sth. terrible? 你认为坏事能变为好事吗?

Unit 4He said I was hard-working

【单元目标】

2.目标句型:

转述他人话语

What did sb. say?

He said I …

She said she…

They said…

3.语法

直接引语和间接引语

【词汇学习】

1.mad adj.极为愤怒的;十分恼火的

She was mad with me for losing my keys.她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。

2.anymore adv.再;还(用于否定句)

He doesn't come here anymore.他再也不到这儿来了。

3.however adv.无论如何

He can answer the question however hard it is.不管问题有多难他都能回答。

4.suppose v.假定;认为;料想;期望

What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放学后想干什么?

5.nervous adj.紧张的;神经质的

I felt very nervous when I went into his office.

当我走进他的办公室时,我感到很紧张。

6.semester n.一学期;半年

We will have ten subjects in this semester.这个学期我们将学十门功课。7.disappointing adj.令人失望的

Maybe this news is disappointing .也许这是一个令人失望的消息。

8.be supposed to 认为必须;认为应该

You are supposed to be successful.你应该成功。

9.get mad 变疯;变得着迷

She gets mad about going to dance.她对跳舞着了迷。

10.get over 恢复,克服困难

Can we get over this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗?

11. first of all 首先

12. pass on 传递

13. be supposed to 被期望或被要求……

14. do better in 在......方面做得更好

15. be in good health 身体健康

16. report card 成绩单

17. get over克服;恢复;原谅

18. open up 打开;开拓;开发;开放

19. care for照料;照顾

20.have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会

21.be mad at sb 对某人恼火,愤怒

【重点句型分析】

1. What are some soap operas you know? 你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧?

you know是定语从句,修饰前日面的名词soap operas

2. What are some things that happen on soap operas? 肥皂剧里发生了些什么事?That happen on soap operas 是定语从句,修饰前日面的名字something.

3. Lana said she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore.拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了。be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火

be mad at (about) sth. (doing sth.) 对某事恼火

eg. Mother got mad at (with) me for watching TV for hours.

(此处的got mad at = was mad at)

not… anymore不再……

eg. She didn’t cry anymore.她不再哭了。

4. bring some books to her house. 给她带来一些书

bring sth. to 从(远处)带来,拿来(到近处)

而其反义词为:take… to―从(近处)拿(走)到(远处)

eg. Could you bring some water to me?

Please take the chair to Jim’s room.

5.pass this message to sb.将这个消息(信息)传给某人

pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人

eg. She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom.

6.You want to know why C didn’t return it and where it is.你想知道为什么C未将它还回来并想知道它在哪里。

此句中why C didn’t return it and where it is是宾语从句作know的宾语,请注意宾语从句的语序。(陈述语序)

7.You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it.

你应该今早上在车站去见面并把它还给人家。

be supposed to do ……被期望,应该(做……)

eg. He is supposed to be there on time.按理他应该准时到哪里。

【课文解析】

1. In English, I’m better at reading than listening.

在英语方面,我的阅读比听力更好。

be better at doing (than doing)是be good at ……的比较级,意思为―更擅长……‖

eg. Are they better at playing football than basketball?

2. I can do better in math.在数学方面我能做得更好。

better 是well的比较级

do well in 在…方面做得好eg. Does she do well in physics?

3. I finished my end –of –year exams last week. 我上周结束了期末考试。

finish sth. (doing sth.) eg. Did he finish doing his homework before he went to bed?

4. I had a really hard time with science this semester. 这学期我的科学学科学得的确不好。

5. It’s not right to copy other’s homework. 抄袭别人的作业是不对的。

请记住这一句型:It’s right for sb to do …

It’s right for sb to do…

6. I said I didn’t think it was a good ide a for her to copy ma homework.

我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个好办法。

新人教版数学八年级下册知识点归纳

八年级下册知识点归纳 第十六章二次根式 1、二次根式: 形如的式子。①二次根式必须满足:含有二次根号“”;被开方数a必须就是非负数。②非负性 2、最简二次根式:满足:①被开方数不含分母;②被开方数中不含能开得尽方的因数或因式的二次根式。 3、化最简二次根式的方法与步骤: (1)如果被开方数含分母,先利用商的算数平方根的性质把它写成分 式的形式,然后利用分母有理化进行化简。 (2)如果被开方数含能开得尽方的因数或因式,先将她们分解因数或因式,然后把能开得尽方的因数或因式开出来。 3、二次根式有关公式 (1) (2) (3)乘法公式 (4)除法公式 4、二次根式的加减法则:先将二次根式化为最简二次根式,再将被开方数相同的二次根式进行合并。 5、二次根式混合运算顺序:先乘方,再乘除,最后加减,有括号的先算括号里的。 第十七章勾股定理 1、勾股定理:如果直角三角形的两直角边长分别为a,b,斜边长为c,那么a2+b2=c2。 2、勾股定理逆定理:如果三角形三边长a,b,c满足a2+b2=c2。,那么这个三角形就是直角三角形。 3、互逆命题:题设、结论正好相反的两个命题。如果把其中一个叫 做原命题,那么另一个叫做它的逆命题。(例:勾股定理与勾股定理逆定理) 4、直角三角形的性质 (1)直角三角形的两个锐角互余。° (2)在直角三角形中,30的角所对的直角边等于斜边的一半。

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