人教高中英语 必修五 Unit1Great scientists 重点词汇讲解

必修五Unit 1重点词汇讲解

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温馨提示：参看单词表对应短语、单句背诵

一、词形、短语拓展：

1. characteristic n.特征；特性adj.有特点/特征的character n.人物，性格；字体

2. painter n.画家；油漆匠paint v.画画painting n.画

3. put forward 提出come up with 提出come up 被提出

拓展：put up with 忍受catch up with 追赶上keep up with 和…保持一致

4. scientific adj.科学的science n.科学scientist n.科学家

5. conclude v.结束;推断出conclusion n.结论;结束conclusive adj.结论性的,不容置疑的

短语：in conclusion 总之,最后come to/arrive at/ reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论bring sth. to a conclusion 得出结论conclude ... from... 从...得出推断

6. analyse/ze vt.分析analysis /?'n?l?sis/ n.分析analyses n. (复数) analytical /?n?'litikl/ adj.分析的

短语：carry out / do an analysis of 对...作分析

7. infect vt.传染;感染infectious adj.传染的infection /in'fek?n/ n.传染；传染病；感染

8. expert adj.熟练的;有经验的n.专家expertise /eksp?:'ti:z/n.专家意见;专门知识

9. attend vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加

短语：attend school /attend a meeting/a ceremony/a celebration/a wedding/a funeral/a lecture 上学/ 参加会议/ 参加仪式/参加庆典/ 参加婚礼/ 参加葬礼/参加演讲

10. physician n.医生;内科医师surgeon n.外科医生

拓展：physics n.物理physical adj. 物理的；身体的mental adj. 精神的

11. expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光exposed adj. adj. 无遮蔽的;不当风雨的exposure n.暴露；揭发短语：expose sb./sth. to…= be exposed to…使…暴露于,暴露给….；揭露，揭发

12. cure n.治愈;痊愈vt.治愈;治疗

短语：cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人... a cure for …治…的疗法/良药treat sb. for sth. 治疗某人...

13. outbreak n.爆发;发作break out vi.爆发

14.challenge n.挑战vt.向…挑战

短语：challenge sb. to do sth. 挑战某人做…

15. absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心

拓展：absorption n.专注；吸收absorbing adj.吸引人的absorbed adj.全神贯注的

短语：absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力sb. be absorbed in doing sth. 全神贯注于...

16. suspect vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者;嫌疑犯suspicion n. 怀疑--suspicious adj. 怀疑的

短语: suspect sb.of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人做某事sb. be suspected of doing sth. 某人被怀疑做某事

question a suspect 审问嫌疑人

17. enquiry n.询问--- enquire v.询问

18. severe adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的severely adv.严重地；剧烈地

19. foresee (foresaw --- foreseen ) vt.预见;预知

20. investigate v.调查---investigation n.调查

21. blame vt.责备;谴责n. 过失;责备

短语：blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而责备某人

put the blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎到某人身上

Sb. be to blame for (doing) sth. 某人因为（做）某事应受责备

拓展：punish / scold sb. for sth. 因…而惩罚/责骂某人

remind/ rob/ warn / inform sb. of sth. 提醒/抢劫/警告/通知某人某事

22. pollute vt.污染;弄脏pollution n.污染

23. handle n.柄;把手vt.处理;操纵=deal with = solve= settle

24. link vt. & n. 连接;联系

短语：link …with/to…将...与连接或联系起来be linked with 与有关联; 与...连接link up(with)(与...)连接；联合

25. announce vt.宣布;通知announcer n. 宣布者announcement n. 宣布；通知

短语：announce to sb. sth. = announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事make an announcement 发表声明

26. certainty n.确信;确实certain adj.确定的uncertain adj. 不确定的certainly adv.确定地

27. instruct vt.命令;指示;教导instructor n.指导者,教练instructive adj.具有指导性的

instruction n. (常用复数）指导；命令；用法说明；操作指南= directions

短语：instruct sb. to do sth.= instruct sb. in (doing) sth. 指导某人做…

follow one’s instructions// directions 听从指导give sb. instructions to do sth. 命令某人

做某事

28. responsible adj.有责任的responsibility /risp?ns?'bil?ti/ n.责任；职责

短语：be responsible to sb. for sth. 因…对某人负责

It’s one’s responsibility (duty) to do sth. 做…是某人的职责

accept/ take/ bear/ shoulder (a/the) responsibility (for sth.) 承担/担起...责任

29.construct vt.建设；修建construction n.建设;建筑物

短语：be under construction 在建设中be constructed of/out of/from 由...建成

30.contribute vt. & vi.捐献;贡献；投稿给（报社、杂志）对...贡献；vi.有助于

contribution n.贡献contributor n.捐款人；撰稿人

短语：contribute sth. to …向...捐献,捐赠;给...提供（忠告、建议）；投稿

contribute to 有助于；促使；导致

make contributions to / make a contribution to为…做贡献

31. apart from…除……之外；此外=in addition to除……之外

32. creative adj.有创造力的create vt.创造creation n.创造creativity n.创造力creature/'kri:t??/ n.

生物;动物

33. co-operative adj.合作的co-operation n.合作

34. positive adj.积极的;肯定的negative adj.消极的

35. (be) strict with sb. in sth. 对某人在某事上是严格的

36. revolutionary adj.革命的;重大变革的revolution n. 革命

37. movement n.移动；运动；动作move v.移动；运动；动作movable adj.可移动的

38. make sense 讲得通；有意义make no sense 没意义

39. privately adv.私下地；秘密地private adj. 私下的privacy n. 隐私

40. brightness n.明亮；亮度；聪颖bright adj.明亮的brighten v.照亮；点亮

41. enthusiastic adj.热情(心)的enthusiasm n.激情

短语：be enthusiastic about …对…有热情的

42. cautious /'k?:??s/ adj.小心的；谨慎的caution /'k?:??n/ n.小心;谨慎;警告;告诫[vt.]警告;劝...小心

cautiously adv. 谨慎地

短语: with caution 小心翼翼地caution sb. to do sth.劝某人做某事be cautious about sth.对...谨

慎

caution sb. against /about doing sth. 警告某人不做... be cautious of doing 对…谨慎的;

唯恐...

43. reject /ri'd?ekt/ vt.拒绝;不接受=refuse = turn down 拒绝；不接受

短语：reject doing sth. 拒绝做…

44. universe n.宇宙;世界universal adj. 宇宙的

二、佳句积累（要求：参照汉语背诵英语）

1. An outstanding painter has painted a number of paintings.

一位杰出的画家画了很多幅画。

2. China has put forward a series of important suggestions since last year.

自从去年中国已经提出了一系列重要的建议。

3. With the development of science and technology, we have achieved great achievements/ made

great

breakthroughs in scientific exploration.

随着科学与技术的发展,我们在科学方面的探索已经取得了很大的进步。

4. The debate did not arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion until midnight.

这次的辩论直到午夜才得出结论。

5.In conclusion, I’d like to say how much I have enjoyed myself.

总之，我想说我玩得有多么高兴。

6.We are narrowly defeated by 3:2.

我们3比2惜败。

7. He is expert in/at driving cars.

他开车技术娴熟。

8.Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to our skin.(v+ing 短语做主语)

暴露于阳光下太久对我们的皮肤有害。

9.Exposed to such disasters(非谓语), the local people were badly in need of help.

处于这样的灾难下，当地人急需帮助。

10.Don’t expose yourself to the sun for too long, or you will get sunburnt.(祈使句)

别让自己在太阳底下晒太久，否则你会被晒伤的。

11.An effective cure for lung cancer hasn’t been found so far, so it is impossible for the doctor to cure him of his cancer.

至今肺癌的有效疗法还没有被发现，所以医生不可能治愈他的病。

12.Mr.Wang challenged me to play another tennis game.

Mr.王向我挑战再打一场网球赛。

13.Tom lay on the sofa, absorbed in his book(非谓语).

Tom躺在沙发上，全神贯注看着他的书。

14.The suspect (who was )suspected of shooting six children was caught by the police.

被怀疑杀了六个孩子的那个嫌疑犯被警察抓住了。

15.Our teacher will blame him for breaking the classroom windows.

我们的老师将因为打碎了班级玻璃而责备他。

16. Don't always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you are to blame.

不要总是把你自己的过错怪到别人身上。有时你自己应该被责备。17.The river has been polluted by all kinds of industrial waste.

这条河流已经被可种各样的工业废物污染了。

18. I came to realize that I had to handle the thing myself.

我开始意识到我得自己处理事情了。

19.For centuries farmers have linked the behavior of animals to changes in the weather.

几个世纪以来，农民已经把动物的行为与天气的变化联系到一起。20. Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please? I have an important announcement to make.

同学们，请注意啦？我有重要的通知要宣布。

21.The announcer made an announcement that(同位语从句) all the details should be announced through the broadcast.

广播员通知所有的细节会通过广播来播报。

22.Read the instructions on medicine thoroughly.

通读药的说明书。

23.Her father instructed/guided her in flight.

在航行方面他的爸爸指导她。

24.You are supposed to be responsible for (take responsibility for) what you have done.

你应该对你所做的事情负责人。

25.It is our duty /responsibility to protect the environment.

保护环境是我们的职责。

26.Apart from the construction（结构）mentioned above, we have also learned the following phrases.

除了上面提过的结构，我们还学了下面的短语。

27.Fresh air contributes to our health.

新鲜的空气有助于我们的健康。

28.The more we learn, the greater contributions we will make to society.

我们学的越多，我们对社会的贡献将越大。

29.Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school.

A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.

很多人捐钱给那个可怜的男孩，这将帮助他返回学校。一个作家写了一个故事而且向报社投了稿。

30.We should have a positive attitude towards/to our life.

我们应该用积极的态度对待生活。

31.It makes sense to save money while we can.

当我们能攒钱的时候攒点这是有道理的。

32.She cautioned Tom not to drive too fast.=She cautioned Tom against driving too fast.

她警告Tom 开车别太快。

33.Doctors are cautious about the new treatment.

关于新的治疗方法医生很警惕的。

34.To his disappointment, he has been rejected by all the universities I applied to.

令他沮丧的是，他被他申请的所有大学拒之门外。35.Our teachers are strict with us in studying and doing homework.

我们的老师在学习和做作业方面对我们要求是严格的。

人教版高中英语必修五电子课本

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