优质课堂阅读理解专题

个性化教学辅导教案

教师姓名学生姓名初一优质课堂上课时间2015．3．28 学科语文年级七年级教材版本人教版

课称名称五年级阅读理解专题

教学目标阅读理解专题测试

教学重点阅读理解

教学难点解题方法运用

课堂教学过程语文阅读理解解题方法

一、表达方式：记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论

二、表现手法：象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托（正衬、反衬）

三、修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语

四、记叙文六要素：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果

五、记叙顺序：顺叙、倒叙、插叙

六、描写角度：正面描写、侧面描写

七、描写人物的方法：语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌

八、描写景物的角度：视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉

九、描写景物的方法：动静结合（以动写静）、概括与具体相结合、由远到近（或由近到远）

十、描写（或抒情）方式：正面（又叫直接）、反面（又叫间接）

十一、叙述方式：概括叙述、细节描写

十二、说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

十三、说明方法：举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用十四、小说情节四部分：开端、发展、高潮、结局

十五、小说三要素：人物形象、故事情节、具体环境

十六、环境描写分为：自然环境、社会环境

（一）

某句话在文中的作用：

1、文首：开篇点题；渲染气氛（记叙文、小说），埋下伏笔（记叙文、小说），设置悬念（小说），为下文作辅垫；总领下文；

2、文中：承上启下；总领下文；总结上文；

3、文末：点明中心（记叙文、小说）；深化主题（记叙文、小说）；照应开头（议论文、记叙文、小说）

（二）

修辞手法的作用：（1）它本身的作用；（2）结合句子语境。

1、比喻、拟人：生动形象；

答题格式：生动形象地写出了＋对象＋特性。

2、排比：有气势、加强语气、一气呵成等；

答题格式：强调了＋对象＋特性

3、设问：引起读者注意和思考；

答题格式：引起读者对＋对象＋特性的注意和思考

反问：强调，加强语气等；

4、对比：强调了……突出了……

5、反复：强调了……加强语气

（三）

句子含义的解答：

这样的题目，句子中往往有一个词语或短语用了比喻、对比、借代、象征等表现方法。答题时，把它

们所指的对象揭示出来，再疏通句子，就可以了。

（四）

某句话中某个词换成另一个行吗？为什么？

动词：不行。因为该词准确生动具体地写出了……

形容词：不行。因为该词生动形象地描写了……

副词（如都，大都，非常，只有等）：不行。因为该词准确地说明了……的情况（表程度，表限制，表时间，表范围等），换了后就变成……，与事实不符。

（五）

一句话中某两三个词的顺序能否调换？为什么？

不能。因为（1）与人们认识事物的（由浅入深、由表入里、由现象到本质）规律不一致（2）该词与上文是一一对应的关系（3）这些词是递进关系，环环相扣，不能互换。

（六）给文章分段（归并法）

1、按时间顺序分段。

2、按地点变换分段。

3、按事情发展顺序分段

4、按事物的内容性质分段。

（七）概括段落大意

1、学会摘句法：A、总分结构的段落，概括段意抓住总写句。

B、承上启下的过渡句，其中“承上”部分往往是上一段的段意，“启下”部分往往是下一段的段意。

C、要摘录几句才能概括段意时，要对句子作适当压缩。

2、采用层意归并法。（层与层之间是并列关系）

3、选取主要意思。在一段中写到几个内容，其中有主要内容，也有次要内容，在概括这类段落的段意时，就要对这些内容进行“筛选”，选取主要内容作为段意，删去次要内容。

段意的归纳的表达方法：

1．记叙文：回答清楚（什么时间、什么地点）什么人做什么事

格式：（时间＋地点）＋人＋事。

2．说明文：回答清楚说明对象是什么，它的特点是什么，

格式：说明（介绍）＋说明对象＋说明内容（特点）

（八）、概括文章主要内容

1、用课题发展法概括文章主要内容。

2、抓重点段概括文章主要内容。

3、用段意归并法概括文章主要内容。

（九）、概括文章中心思想

1、概括文章的中心思想要包括“文章主要内容”和“思想感情”两部分。

2、概括文章中心思想的常用方法：

1）用分析题目的方法概括思想。如：《董存瑞舍身炸暗堡》的“舍身”二字包含有董存瑞为了革命事业英勇献身的英雄气概和大无畏精神。

2）用分析中心句的方法概括思想。如：《鸟的天堂》一课的中心句是：那“鸟的天堂”的确是鸟的天堂啊！从这句可知作者对鸟的天堂、对大自然的热爱之情。

3）用分析主要情节的方法概括思想。如《麻雀》一课，母雀为了护子，挺身而出准备与猎狗搏斗。这体现了老麻雀的爱子精神。

4）用分析主要人物的方法来概括思想。如《珍贵的教科书》一课的中心，要从指导员的身上去分析，从中体会他关心下一代及不怕牺牲的革命精神。

3、概括中心思想的基本形式：（部分列举）

1）课文写了（

）表达了（

）。 2）、课文写了（）赞美了（）。

3）课文写了（）说明了（）。 4）、课文写了（）告诉了（）。

5）课文写了（）表达了（）赞美了（）。

（十）给文章加上标题

一般来讲，给文章加标题可以从“内容”和“中心”两个方面去考虑。给文章加题目的基本步骤是：一读二想三加

答题注意事项：

一.通读全文，把握文章内容，理清脉络。答题时切忌文章都没完整的阅读就匆匆忙忙地写答案。最好先把文章从头到尾通读一遍，对文章有一个整体的认识和理解。

二.弄清题意，确定解决问题的阅读空间。在通读全文的基础上再去浏览所设试题，经过初步的思考，确定解决问题的阅读空间。

三.从文章中直接提取信息。有些试题可以用文中的原话来作答，这时就可以“从文章中直接提取信息”，回答问题。

四.挖掘句子的隐含信息和深层含义。有些试题则需要结合全文内容，挖掘句子的隐含信息，经过缜密的思考，寻求完美的答案。

五.组织语言规范答题，认真书写。答案基本考虑成熟之后，还需要注意一下表述的语言。语言简洁明了，能达到事半功倍的效果；重复口罗嗦，不得要领，往往会出力不讨好

课堂练习课后作业

课后评价本节课教学计划完成情况：照常完成□提前完成□延后完成□ _____________________________ 学生的接受程度：完全能接受□部分能接受□不能接受□ ________________________________ 学生的课堂表现：很积极□比较积极□一般□不积极□ ________________________________ 学生上次作业完成情况：数量____% 完成质量____分存在问题 ______________________________

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学管审批审批

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