2016年6月英语四级听力真题原文

2016年6月英语四级听力原文

News report 1

The International Labour Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing.

国际劳工组织称失业人数正在增加。

In its latest update on Global Employment Trends,

在最新一期全球就业趋势报告中，

the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people.

该组织预测今年失业人数将在2.1-2.4亿人之间。

The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than 2 dollars per day in the past three years.

该组织的报告警告说，在过去的三年里2亿贫穷工人面临跨入每天靠不足两美元过活行列的风险。

The director general of the International Labour Organization, Juan Somavia,

国际劳工组织主任胡安·索马维亚

notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis.

表示一些国家已经开始采取措施应对全球危机带来的影响了。However, he points out that many countries have not done so. 但同时他还指出有很多国家尚未采取措施。

And based on past experiences, it takes four to five years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to

pre-crisis levels.

根据以往经验，经济复苏之后，失业率需要4-5年时间恢复到危机前水平。

Mr. Somavia says the International Labour Organization is proposing a global jobs' agreement to deal with unemployment.

索马维亚称国际劳工组织正在针对失业问题准备一份国际就业协议。"Its key objective is to place the center of recovery efforts, 协议的核心是制定主要恢复措施，

measures that would generate higher levels of employment and provide basic socialprotection for the most vulnerable."

这些措施将帮助提高就业水平，并对社会底层人群提供保护。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

请根据你刚刚听到的新闻报道回答问题1和问题2。

Question 1.What is the news report mainly about?

问题1：新闻报道的主要内容是什么？

Question 2.What does, Juan Somavia, director general of the International Labour Organization, say?

问题2：国际劳工组织主任胡安·索马维亚说了什么？

News Report 2

Big fast-food chains in New York City have started to obey a first-of-its-kind rule requiring them to post calorie counts right the menu.

纽约市的大型快餐连锁店迎来了一项史无前例的新规定，这一规定要求他们在菜单上附上卡路里含量表。

Cathy Nonas is with the New York City Department of Health.

纽约市健康部的凯西·诺娜说：

"We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchase the food and make a decision, an informeddecision,

“我们希望让消费者能够在知情的情况下做出购物决定。

that if they want to make the healthier choice, if they want to eat fewer calories, they can.

如果他们希望买更健康的食物，想摄入更少的热量，这是可以实现的。And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity.

我们认为这项规定会对肥胖问题带来很大改善。

And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes, and heart disease, and high blood pressure."

当然，如果它能改善肥胖问题，那么它也就会降低糖尿病、心脏病和高血压的患病率。

The new rules were introduced as part of an

anti-obesitycampaign that also includes a recent citywide ban on artificial trans-fats in restaurant food.

这项规定是该城市最近发起的反肥胖症运动的一部分。此次反肥胖症运动还颁布了一条禁止全城餐馆使用人工反式脂肪的禁令。

The menu rule only applies to restaurants that serve standardized portion sizes and have 15 or more locations nationwide.

菜单新规只适用于提供标准化饮食份量、并在全国有15家或以上连锁店的餐馆。

Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties of up to 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus, preferably next to the price.

从上周六开始，符合条件的餐馆需要在其菜单明显位置，最好在价格旁边显示卡路里信息，否则将会面临多达2000美元的罚款。Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

请根据你刚才听到的新闻报道回答问题3和问题4。

3.What are big fast food chains in New York City required to do according to the new rule?

新规定要求纽约市的大型快餐连锁店做什么？

4.What will happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?

如果大型快餐连锁店违反规定将会怎样？

News Report 3

Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today.

如今，几乎所有的公司都知道创新的重要性，

But not many are able to integrateinnovation into their business.

但是真正能够将创新融入到其业务当中的却不多。

A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn't mean piles of documents.

《上海日报》的一篇评论文章指出，发明并不简单的是一摞摞的文件。

It is something more practical.

而是实际的东西。

The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new,but actually it's more than that.

文章中说到，很多人认为发明就是创造出新的东西，但事实上不止如此。It's an attitude of doing things.

它还代表了一种做事的方式。

A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes.

一个公司要寻求的不仅仅是产品创新，还应寻求运营、商业模式和流程方面的创新。

The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble as an example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success.

文章还引用了宝洁公司为例，称真正有创新精神的公司应该发展创新文化，并以其作为成功的主要工具。

Procter & Gamble has a "Corporate Innovation Fund" which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed.

宝洁公司有一个“企业创新基金”，该基金用于奖励获得成功的大胆创意。It also has a special innovation facility for its employees.

该公司还有专门的员工创新基地。

Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks and spend their time interacting in the innovation facility instead.

有时候员工几个星期不去公司上班，而是在创新基地一起互动交流。

In conclusion, the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success.

归结起来，这篇文章表达的意思是创新的想法未必意味着成功。

It's pointless unless there is repeatable process in place to turn inspiration into financial performance.

如果不能将灵感通过某个过程转化为财务收益，所有的想法都是徒劳。Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

请根据你刚刚听到的新闻报道回答第5-7题。

5. What is the problem with many companies according to the news report?

新闻报道中指出很多公司的问题是什么？

6. What do many people tend to think of innovation?

多数人对创新的理解是什么？

7. What does the company Procter & Gamble owe its success to?

宝洁公司的成功归功于什么？

Conversation One

M: So, Lyndsay, do you like to text message on your cell phone?

男士：林赛，你喜欢用手机发短信吗？

W: Yeah, I text message a lot.

女士：喜欢啊，我经常发。

M: I don't do it so much. I prefer to make a call if I'm in a hurry.

男士：我不是很喜欢。如果有急事我更喜欢打电话。

W: Yeah, I go both ways. Sometimes I don't really want to talk to the person. I just want to ask them one question, so it's much easier for me just to text message. If I call them, I'll have to have a long conversation.

女士：嗯，我两个都用。有时候我真的很不想和人说话。如果我只是想问一个问题，那发短信就简单多了。但是如果打电话，就得进行一次很长的对话。

M: Yeah, I can see what you mean. But I get off the phone pretty quickly when I call. I'm not a big talker.

男士：是的，我明白你的意思。但是我和别人打电话用的时间很短。我不是爱聊天的人。

W: Yeah, that's true. You don't talk a lot.

女士：你的确不太爱说话。

M: So are you fast at writing the messages with your thumb? 男士：那你发短信时打字快吗？

W: Well, when I first got a cell phone, I was so slow. I thought

I would never text message. But then people kept text messaging me, so I felt obliged to learn how to text message.

So now I'm pretty fast. What about you?

女士：啊，我刚用手机时，打字很慢。我想我永远都不会发短信。但是人们不断地给我发短信，弄得我不得不学。因此现在我打字很快了。你呢？

M: Actually I have the opposite problem. When I first got my

cell phone, I thought it was so cool to text message all my friends who have one, and I was pretty fast with my thumb then. But it seems like now I don't use it so much, I've got slower actually.

男士：其实我刚好和你相反。我刚买手机的时候，给所有有手机的朋友都发短信，当时觉得那是一件很酷的事，所以那时候我的手很麻利。但是现在我不太发短信了，所以似乎也生疏了许多。

W: Yeah, I think text messaging actually sort of has to do with your age. For example, people in high school, they text message a lot. But I ask my father if he text messages, and guess what he said?

女士：是的，我觉得是否喜欢发短信和年龄也有一定的关系。比如，高中生很爱发短信。但是我问我的父亲他是否发短信，你猜他怎么说？M: What?

男士：怎么说？

W: He said he never text messaged. He thinks it's very childish and unprofessional to text message.

女士：他说他从来没有发过。他说发短信很幼稚，而且很不专业。M: Yeah, I can see what he means. It's considered pretty informal to text message someone.

男士：嗯，我能理解他。给别人发短信的确感觉很不正式。

8.What does the man say about himself?

关于自己男士说了什么？

9. What does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone?

女士打电话时通常会怎样？

10. Why did the man text message all his friends when he first got his cell phone?

男士刚买手机时为什么给他所有的朋友发短信？

11.What does the Woman's father think of text messaging?

女士的父亲对发短信有什么看法？

Conversation Two

W: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. How can I help you?

女士：约翰逊先生早上好。有什么需要我帮您的吗？

M: Well, I'd like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager.

男士：嗯，我想就我们的部门经理蒂姆·邦德跟你谈一下。

W: What seems to be the problem?

女士：是什么事？

M:Well, ever since Sandra left the department, I feel like I’ve been targeted to do all her work as well as mine. I'm expected to attend too many meetings and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paperwork.

男士：啊，自从桑德拉离开我们部门之后，我感觉我就承包了她的工作，一直干两个人的活儿。我需要参加很多会议，而且浪费很多时间在做一些不重要的文书工作上。

W: I'm sorry to hear that.

女士：听你这么说我很遗憾。

M: And, on top of that, I'd specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday as I'd done a lot of overtime during the week. But that afternoon, even though I'd finished my assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work, too.

男士：而且还有，上周五我明确提出希望早点下班，因为那一周我已经加班很多了。但是我下午完成分配给我的任务之后，他又让我帮助其他同事。

W: But surely that's a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.

女士：但是这明显表明邦德先生很信任你啊。

M: Yes, but other colleagues get to leave early, and they don't

have such a lot of work to do.

男士：是的，但是其他同事都可以早点下班，他们也没有很多工作要做。W: So you feel he's been making unrealistic demands on

you?

女士：那么你是觉得他对你的要求过于高了对吗？

M: Yes, absolutely.

男士：对，是的。

W: Have you approached Mr. Bond about this particular

problem?

女士：你就这个问题找过邦德先生吗？

M: I've tried, but it seems like he just has no time for me.

男士：我试过，但是他似乎没有时间理我。

W: Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached

him directly. If nothing else showing that you've tried to solve the problem yourself, before you take it farther, makes it clear

that you're not just a complainer. Why don't you send an email

requesting a meeting with him in private?

女士：那么，现阶段，还是你直接找他比较好。在采取进一步措施之前，最起码你表现出愿意自己解决问题，这能证明你不是一个只会抱怨的人。你何不给他发一封邮件要求和他私下谈一谈呢？

M:Hmm, I’ve been a bit worried about his reaction. But anyway I'll send him an email to request a meeting, and I'll see what happens from there. Thanks for your advice.

男士：嗯，我一直担心他会是什么反应。无论如何，我会给他发邮件，然后看事态会如何发展。谢谢你的建议。

W: Good luck and let us know the outcome.

女士：祝你好运。有了结果之后请告知我们。

12 What do we learn about the man from the conversation? 根据对话我们对男士有哪些了解？

13 What is the man's chief complaint?

男士抱怨的主要问题是什么？

14 How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was

asked to help his colleagues with their work?

女士是如何解读该男士被要求帮助同事完成工作这件事的？

15 What did the woman advise the man to do?

女士建议男士怎么做？

Passage One

The massivedecline in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the trend.

人们的睡眠时间在逐渐减少，然而这一发展趋势是如此缓慢、悄然，以至于很少有人察觉。

Was it because of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and endless TV channels? Never disconnecting from work?

是因为网络、视频游戏和无间断播放的电视节目吸引力太大了吗？还是因为处于工作需要要时刻保持联络方式畅通？

No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger. 无论是什么原因，美国人都已经让自己的健康、生活品质甚至寿命面临风险。

New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority.

有新证据证明了充足睡眠的头等重要地位。

Some 40 percent of Americans get less than seven hours of shut-eye on weeknights.

40%的美国人在工作日每天睡眠时间少于7个小时。

"The link between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease, is becoming clearer and clearer," says Lawrence Epstein, a sleep expert at Harvard University.

哈佛大学睡眠研究专家，劳伦斯·艾普斯坦说，“睡眠与健康之间，以及缺乏睡眠与疾病之间的联系已经日益明显”。

For example, sleep duration has declined from some eight hours in the 1950s to seven in recent years.

比如：近年来人们的睡眠时长已经从20世纪50年代的八小时缩短到七小时。

At the same time, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem.

同时，高血压的发病率在不断升高。

Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowest levels during sleep;

通常，人睡着时血压和心率处于最低水平。

people who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain and other problems.

睡眠少的人可能患上高血压、心脏病、糖尿病；或者出现肥胖等其他问题。

Sleeping better may help fight off illness.

好的睡眠能够抵御疾病。

"When people are sleep-deprived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies, which can decrease immunefunction,"

“人们缺乏睡眠时，体内的压力荷尔蒙水平较高，导致免疫功能降低，”says Dr. Phyllis Zee of Northwestern University in Chicago. 芝加哥西北大学菲利斯·徐说道。

A University of Chicago study shows people who sleep well live longer.

芝加哥大学一项研究表明睡眠质量好的人寿命更长。

So say good night sooner, and it may help you stay active and vital to a ripe old age.

所以，早点睡觉，这样你才能有一个充满活力的晚年。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

请根据你听到的内容回答16-18题。

Question 16. What is the speaker mainly talking about?

问题16：说话者主要讨论了什么问题？

Question 17. What do we learn from the talk about today's Americans?

问题17：根据以上内容我们对如今的美国人有什么了解？

Question 18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep?

问题18：说话者认为缺乏睡眠的人会怎样？

Passage two

Parents and teachers will tell you not to worry when applying a place at university.

家长和老师可能会安慰你不用担心大学申请的事情。

But in the same breath will remind you that it is the most important decision of your life.

但是，话音未落他们就会提醒你这是你一生中最重要的一次决定。

The first decision is your choice of course.

你要做的第一个决定当然就是选择。

It will depend on what you want to get out of university, what you are good at and what you enjoy.

这要根据你想从大学学到什么、你擅长什么、喜欢什么而定。

The next decision is where to apply.

下一个决定就是申请哪所学校。

Aim high but within reason.

要有雄心但也要理性。

Do you have the right combination of subjects and are your expected grades likely to meet entry requirements?

你现在所学的科目以及学业成绩与目标学校的要求是否匹配呢？

The deadline is January 15th.

报名截止日期是1月15日。

But it is best to submit your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.

但是你提交申请越早越好，因为一旦有学生提交申请，学校就会开始审核工作。

The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement.

申请过程中最重要的一项，也是学生们最畏惧的一项就是个人陈述。This is your chance to conveyboundlessenthusiasm for the subject.

个人陈述给你提供了一个表达你对所选学科无限热情的机会。

So economy of expression is foremost.

因此，言词精简是重点。

Omit dull and ineffective generalities and make sure you give concrete examples.

避免概括性的无用之词，给出具体的实例。

Admissions officers read every personal statement that arrives.

招生人员会读每一封收到的个人陈述。

It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it.

如果你说你选该学科是出于喜欢，这将很不具说服力。

You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you.

你需要让读者领会到它到底哪方面激发了你的兴趣。

They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject.

他们会在其中寻找证据证明你对所选的科目有过深度的思考。Applicants should be honest.

申请人需要诚实。

There is no point saying you run marathons, if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor. 如果你连爬两层楼来面试都累得气喘吁吁，那么你说你常跑马拉松就毫无意义了。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

请根据刚刚听到的内容回答19-21题。

Question 19. What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at university?

问题19：申请大学时你需要做的第一个决定是什么？

Question 20. What is the most important part of the application?

问题20：申请流程中最重要的一部分是什么？

Question 21. What must applicants do in their personal statements?

问题21：学生们写个人陈述时必须怎样？

Passage Three

It is usually agreed that a German, Carl Benz, built the first motor car 1885.

人们普遍认为第一辆汽车是由卡尔·奔驰在1885年设计建造的。

It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor at the rear.

它其实是一辆后面载着汽油发动机的三轮车。

Soon, members of the Royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport.

很快，开这种汽车成为了皇室成员以及其他一些富人的体育运动。Many of the early cars had 2 seats.

早期的汽车只有两个座位。

There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns.

当时没有加油泵，汽车修理厂也很少，而汽车故障频发，因此司机只能做自己的修理工了。

By 1905, cars began to look like cars of today, with headlamps, windscreen, rubber tyres and number plates.

到1905年，汽车的外形开始朝今天的汽车外形进化，有了车头灯、挡风镜、橡胶轮胎和车牌号。

Henry Ford's "Model T"，introduced in America in 1909, was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line.

1909年引入美国的福特T型车价格相对较低，因为他的车是在生产线上产出的。

It brought cars closer towards the reach of "ordinary people". 这拉近了普通人与汽车之间的距离。

With the popularity of the car, registration became a must in 1903 with the Motor Car Act.

随着车辆的流行，1903年出台的《汽车管理法令》规定购车必须注册。Competency tests were introduced in 1935.

1935年驾驶能力测试也被引入该法令。

Today, the legal driving age for a car in the UK is seventeen. 英国现在的最低合法驾车年龄是17岁。

You are not allowed to drive a car unsupervised until you have passed a driving test.

在通过驾驶能力测试之前不能开车，除非在有人监督的情况下。

In 1958, Britain celebrated the opening of its first motorway—the Preston bypass.

英国1985年庆祝了其第一条高速公路的开通，也就是如今的普雷斯顿路段。

Until then, no one really understood what a motorway was, not even the labourers who were building it.

当时，没有人知道高速公路是什么，包括建造这段公路的工人们。

The bypass hailed a new era in motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism.

普勒斯顿高速路开启了汽车旅行的新时代，人们对它的开通充满了激动之情和乐观的憧憬。

Service stations came with the motorway and the legend of the transport cafe was born.

服务站随之而来，货运餐馆的传奇就这样诞生了。

Of course, the service station has diversified greatly.

当然，服务站各有不同。

But whether it's an English cooked breakfast or a coffee and sandwich, one thing has remained the same: the prices.

但无论是英式早餐还是咖啡三明治，有一样东西是一样的，那就是价格。Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

请根据刚刚听到的内容回答22-25题。

Question 22. What does the speaker say about the first motor car?

问题22：关于第一辆汽车说话者介绍了什么？

Question 23. What was the problem with the early cars in Britain?

问题23：英国早期的汽车有什么问题？

Question 24. Why did Henry Ford's "Model T" cars cost less? 问题24：福特T型车为什么价格相对较低？

Question 25. What do we learn about the Preston bypass?

问题25：关于普勒斯顿高速路我们知道了什么？