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中考英语总复习资料大全【精品推荐】

中考英语总复习资料大全【精品推荐】
中考英语总复习资料大全【精品推荐】

初中专题复习

英语

姓名:_______ ______年___月___日

目录

专题1:宾语从句--讲义 (1)

专题1 宾语从句课后练习 (3)

专题2: 定语从句(上)--讲义 (5)

专题3:定语从句(下)--讲义 (7)

专题3 定语从句 (下) 课后练习 (9)

专题4:动词搭配与辨析--讲义 (11)

专题4 动词搭配与辨析课后练习 (14)

专题5:形容词与副词--讲义 (16)

专题5 形容词与副词课后练习 (19)

专题6:时态和语态(上)--讲义 (20)

专题6 时态和语态 (上) 课后练习 (24)

专题7:时态和语态(下)--讲义 (26)

专题7 时态和语态 (下) 课后练习 (29)

专题8:词汇专项--讲义 (31)

专题8 词汇专项课后练习 (34)

专题9:名冠介数词--讲义 (36)

专题9 名冠介数词课后练习 (38)

专题10:改错专项--讲义 (40)

专题10 改错专项课后练习 (42)

专题11中考英语常考句型总汇--讲义 (44)

专题12:代词--讲义 (47)

专题12 代词课后练习 (51)

专题13:情景交际题型突破--讲义 (52)

专题13 情景交际题型突破课后练习 (58)

专题14:完形填空(上)--讲义 (65)

专题14 完形填空 (上) 课后练习 (69)

专题15:完形填空.(下)--讲义 (71)

专题15 完形填空 (下) 课后练习 (75)

专题16:阅读理解(上)--讲义 (78)

专题16 阅读理解 (上) 课后练习 (81)

专题17:阅读理解..(下)--讲义 (85)

专题17 阅读理解 (下) 课后练习 (92)

专题18:书面表达(上)--讲义 (99)

专题18 书面表达 (上) 课后练习 (102)

专题19:书面表达(下)--讲义 (103)

专题19 书面表达 (下) 课后练习 (105)

课后练习参考答案 (107)

学科:英语

专题1:宾语从句--讲义

宾语从句

中考考点

连接词的选择

宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的时态

宾从的连接词

that 无意义,无成分,可省

if, whether 是否(句尾有or not用whether)

所有的特殊疑问词:what,which,who,whom,

when,where,how,why 等。

I don‘t know if he will come on time.

I‘m happy (that) I have passed the exam.

宾语从句的语序

宾语从句必须是陈述语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。

解题技巧:

淘汰疑问语序:be/ 助/ 情+主语

He asked me what I did yesterday afternoon.

Can you tell me how old you are.

宾语从句的语序

注意:有些问句,疑问词就是句子的主语,所以问句本身就是陈述语序,在变成宾从时语序无需发生变化。

What is happening over there?

→Do you know what is happening over there?

What‘s wrong with you?

→I wonder what‘s wrong with you.

What is the matter?

宾语从句的时态

当主句中谓语是现在时,从句中谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响,可按需要使用任何时态。

I hear he‘ll be back in a few days.

I hear he came back a few days ago.

--Can you guess if they will come to play basketball with us?

--I think they‘ll come if they are free.

宾语从句的时态

当主句谓语是过去时态时,从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时,过去完成时),以便保持与主旬谓语动词时态的一致。

She said she was reading a story book at seven yesterday .

She said they had seen this film several times.

She said she would come to see me, if she had time tomorrow.

注意:

当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从旬的时态用一般现在时。They said that the earth is round.

The teacher told me that the moon moves around the earth.

无敌小口诀

主现从随便;

主过从必过;(一过,过进,过将,过完)

真理永不变。

题一:【湖北宜昌】

Jim wants to know ______.

A. where will the 2008 Olympics be held

B. who did kick the first goal in the World Cup

C. when was the APEC meeting held

D. when China joined the WTO

题二:【黔西南】

Do you know _________ Zunyi or not tomorrow?

A. whether are they leaving for

B. whether they are leaving for

C. if they are leaving for

D. if are they leaving for

【贵州安顺】

The policewoman asked the little boy ______.

A. where did he live

B. where he lived

C. where he lives

D. where does he lives

题三:【北京】

—Can you tell me ____ the prize, Tom?

—Last year.

A. when you got

B. when did you get

C. when will you get

D. when you will get

【甘肃鸡西市】

The math problem is so hard. I really don‘t know_____

A. how to do it

B. how to do

C. what to do it

题四:【广东】

— Could you tell me ?

— Certainly. In half an hour.

A. when will the high speed train arrive

B. when the high speed train will arrive

C. when would the high speed train arrive

D. when the high speed train would arrive

题五:【广西玉林】

—Excuse me, could you tell me ______ to get the post office?

—Certainly. The No. 15 bus.

A. which bus I should take

B. I should take which bus

C. should I take which bus

D. which bus should I take

宾语从句:讲义参考答案题一:D 题二:BB 题三:AA 题四:B 题五:A

专题1 宾语从句课后练习

题一:

I don‘t understand _________ that everything‘s fine when it‘s not.

A. how can he say

B. can he say how

C. he can say how

D. how he can say

题二:

---Did the radio say ________?

---Yes, from Hunan.

A. how the bad rice came

B. where the bad rice came from

C. how did the bad rice come

D. where did the bad rice come from

题三:

1.I don‘t know the girl in red. Could you tell me ________?

A. what is her name

B. how old is she

C. who is she

D. where she comes from

2.If you can‘t find the place, I will show you _______.

A.what it is

B.what it was

C.where it is

D.where it was

题四:

I don‘t know ______.

A.what is the matter with him

B.what the matter is with him

C.what with him the matter is

D.what the matter with him is

2.---Could you tell me _________? ---You can take No. 16 bus.

A. how can we get to the Olympic Park

B. how we can get to the Olympic Park

C. how did we get to the Olympic Park

D. how we got to the Olympic Park

题五:

1.Have you forgotten_______when he died?

A.how old he was

B.how old was he

C.what did he say

D.what he says

2.---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? ---Sorry. I don‘t know ________.

A. when did he go abroad

B. why he is going abroad

C. how soon will he be back

D. how long he will stay abroad.

题六:

1.---We don‘t know ________. ---It is said that he was born in Canada.

A. what he is

B. where he was born

C. where he comes from

D. if he lives here

2.Tom asked ______ to school late.

A.who will often come

B.who is often coming

C.who often comes

D.who often came

题七:

I want to know ________.

A.when we should arrive at the airport

B.when should we arrive at the airport

C.when the airport we should arrive at

D.when the airport should we arrive at

题八:

I wanted to know ________, but no one would like to tell me.

A. what did the old man say

B. what the old man need

C. what did the old man want

D. what the old man meant

题九:

---Do you know ________ for Shanghai last night? ---At 9:00

A. what time he leaves

B. what time does he leave

C. what time he left

D. what time did he leave

题十:

Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?

A. how does he mend

B. how he mends

C. how he mended

D. how did he mend

学科:英语

专题2: 定语从句(上)--讲义

定语从句(上)

定义:在复合句中,修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子(从句)叫定语从句。

A doctor is a person who looks after the sick people‘s health.

先行词关系代词谓语宾语

(定语从句修饰先行词)

其中,who是关系代词,在定语从句中做主语。

先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。

关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。

含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句

This is the school where my mother works.

先行词=关系词

如:That is the bike which my father bought for me. which= bike

考点:引导词的选择

定语从句的引导词:

关系代词that、which、who、whom(宾格)、whose;

关系副词when、where、why

关系代词

1. Do you know the girl who/that has got an ―A‖ in the exam?

2. She has got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.

3. This is the factory that/which his father visited three years ago.

4.The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.

5. The room whose window is open is mine.

6. I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.

7. This is the factory where I worked three years ago.

8. Could you explain the reason why you were late again?

注意:

一、which与that指物时可互相代替,但也有只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句:口诀:两代限形特疑序

①两:先行词词中同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时,定语从句只能用that引导。

I can remember the persons and the pictures that I saw in the room.

②代:先行词为everything、something、anything、nothing、all、none、much、little、few等不定代词或被这些不定代词修饰时,定语从句只能用that引导。

Here is all the money (that) I have.

③限:先行词同时又被the only、the very或the right修饰时,定语从句只能用that引导。

It is the only word that I know in the passage.

④形:先行词同时又被形容词最高级修饰时,定语从句只能用that引导。

This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.

⑤特疑:当主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,用that引导定语从句。

Who is the girl that won the first place?

⑥序:先行词同时又被序数词修饰时,定语从句只能用that引导。

This is the first composition that he has written in English.

二、不能使用that的定语从句

1、主句与从句用逗号隔开,先行词是物时,只用which,不用that。

She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.

2、关系代词前有介词时。(关系词前有介词时,关系词只能为which或whom)

This is the hotel in which you will stay.

Who is the teacher to whom Lily is talking?

3、先行词是one(s)、anyone、someone、those时,关系词使用who。

Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.

三、关系词的省略

关系词在从句中作宾语可省略;但关系代词which, whom在从句中做介词的宾语且介词位于关系代词前时,不可

以省略;that、which、who在从句中做主语时,不能省略。

1、The boy (who/ that) I like isn‘t here now.(作宾语,可省略)

2、I‘ll never forget the day on which I joined the army.

3、Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?

注:判断关系词的成分可以通过还原法,即把先行词带入从句中,先行词的成分就是关系词的成分。

四、whose 指人,也可指物,表示某人的或某物的,在从句中作定语,不可省略。Please show me the book whose cover is red.

学科:英语

专题3:定语从句(下)--讲义

定语从句(下)

关系副词

关系副词用来引导定语从句时,在句中作状语。

Where—修饰地点词,在从句中做地点状语。

When—修饰时间词,在从句中做时间状语。

Why—修饰reason,在从句中做原因状语。

拓展:关系副词和关系代词的比较

1. I know a place where we can have a picnic.

I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.

2. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.

I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.

3. This is the reason why he was dismissed.

This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.

结论:先行词做状语用where/when/why,做主语,宾语时用关系代词that、which。

为什么第一句用where引导,而第二句却用which?

1. This is the place where the accident took place last night.

2. This was the place which I visited last year.

题一:如何保证正确地选择关系词?

1. This is the factory _____ his father worked three years ago.

2. This is the factory ______ his father visited three years ago.

定语从句经典考题

题二:We were talking about the piano and the pianist ____were in the concert we attended last night.

A. which

B. whom

C. who

D. that

题三:I like to live in a house _____is big and bright.

A. that

B. who

C. how

D. why

题四:She lives in a house ____windows face south.

A. that

B. who

C. which

D. whose

题五:I hate people ______ talk much but do little.

A. whose

B. whom

C. which

D. who

题六:I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the country with my grandma.

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. what

题七:He still remembers the days _____ he spent with your family.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. on which

题八:This is the reason ______ he is leaving now.

A. as

B. which

C. why

D. what

定语从句(下): 讲义参考答案

题一:1. where 2. that/which/可省略

定语从句经典考题

题二:D 题三:A 题四:D 题五:D 题六:B 题七:C 题八:C

专题3 定语从句 (下) 课后练习

题一:

1. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_________ his family lived ten years ago.

2. I love the school_________I have studied in for three years

题二:

1. The house________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.

2.—Where did you go last week?

—I went to ZhangAiping‘s hometown and visited the house________he was born in.

题三:

The scientist and his achievements ____you told me about are admired by us all.

A. which

B. whom

C. who

D. that

题四:

We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals ____you are talking about.

A. which

B. whom

C. who

D. that

题五:

People from different places come to visit Zhaoqing ______ is famous for its beautiful mountains and lakes.

A.what

B. which

C. who

D. whom

题六:

— What kind of movies do you like?

— I like the movies ____ are about Chinese history.

A. who

B. whom

C. whose

D. that

题七:

She is the girl invention got the first prize in the school competition .

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whose

题八:Do you know the girlmother is an English teacher?

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whose

题九:

I‘m going to start a club to help students _____ are not interested in schoolwork.

A. whose

B. who

C. whom

D. which

题十:

Is that the man_______ helped us a lot after the earthquake?

A. which

B. who

C. whom

D. whose

中考英语:常见最难翻译的简短英文句子

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把煤运到Newcastle去了。 原意:Jessica多此一举。 因为Newcastle是英国的产煤中心和输出港口,因此把煤运去Newcastle便是徒劳无功的意思,翻译是要和文化紧密结合的! 6。 Catch me doing it! 误译:抓住我做那件事! 原意:我决不干那样的事! 和I‘ll never do it again是同一个意思。 7。 I think $5000 is chicken feed to her。误译:我想给她5000美元用来买鸡饲料。 原意:我觉得5000美元对她来说是小钱儿。 chicken feed是不屑一提的钱的意思。 is the cock of the walk。 误译:Tom像一只正在走路的公鸡。 原意:他经常称王称霸。 cock of the walk意为自命不凡的老大。 9。 When going near the cliff, he had cold feet。误译:当走近悬崖的时候,他双脚变冷了。原意:当走近悬崖的时候,他害怕了。 cold feet意为害怕,胆怯。 10。 I heard she is a woman capable of anything。误译:

(完整word版)初中英语总复习材料(仁爱版).doc

初中英语总复习材料(仁爱版) 七年级(上) Unit 1复习要点 短语和句子1、Good morning/ Good afternoon / evening .早上 /下午 /晚上好2、(It’ s) Nice to meet/see you. = (It’ s)Good to meet/see you. = (I’ m) Glad to meet/see you = (I’ m) Pleased to meet/see you= (I’ m) Happy to meet/see you. 很高兴见到你 3、Welcome to China欢迎到中国来. 4、Thanks /Thank you . 谢谢 5、You’ re welcome ./ That’ s all right不(OK)用谢,. 6、Stand up . 起立 Sit down . 坐下 7、This is介..绍第三者的用语,复数用These are 8、How do you do ?您好9、 How are you? 您好吗? How is she\he? 她他好吗? 10、 I ’ m fine 我.很好。 11、What’ s your/his /her name ?= May I know/have your/his /her name? Could you please tell me your/his /her name?你 /他 /她叫什么名字? 12、 My name is Jane . 我名叫简 13、 Where are you from ? = Where do you come from? Where is he/she from? = Where does he/she come from?你 /他/她/他们来自哪里? 14、 I am / He (She) is /They are from Canada/ Japan/the U.S.A/England/Cuba/China. 我 /他/她/他们来自加拿大 /日本 /美国 /英国 /古巴 /中国。 15、 Cheers .干杯16、 How old are you ?你几岁了?

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1. 你不应该感到沮丧You shouldn’t _____________. 2. 你得定期复习你的功课You ______________________. 3. 你应该使用彩色的笔加亮重要的部分 You should ___________________highlight the important parts . 4. 这将在两个方面帮助你This will help you _____________________. 5. 它将帮助你把注意力集中在最重要的部分 It will ______you ________________ the most important parts. 6. 这将使复习更容易This will ______ reviewing ________. 7. 你不必复习所有的材料 You __________________ all the material. 8. 如果你在睡觉之前考虑这些信息,你也许能够记得更好 If you __________the information before you _____________, you might ____________remember it better. 9. 另外一个记忆信息的好时间是在早晨 __________________information is in the morning. 10. __________people go traveling on holidays. 许多人假日外出旅游 11. _______ tell your father the thing. 记得告诉你爸爸这件事 12. You ________________ in the morning. 早上你得早起134. They 13. ____________________ their lessons before the exam. 考试前他们必须要复习功课 14. You _________________ you can remember the words easily. 你会发现你能够很容易的记住单词 15._______________________ the key points. 记住关键点是很容易的 16.You _______________ remember the words better. 你将能够更好的记住单词 17.You should __________________ in the morning. 你应该尽量在早晨读英语 18.I always ___________________________ new words. 我总是记单词有困难。 19.说实话,这没有一个正确的答案___________, ____________one correct answer. 20.他们将学得更好,如果他们有机会使用他们的手 They will learn better, if they ____________________their hands. 21.图片或者照片能够帮助他们记住新单词 22.Pictures or __________________________new words. 23.对于他们来说记住知识很难,除非他们听到有人谈论这个知识 24.______________________memorize the knowledge________ they ___________someone _____________ it. 25.她更喜欢单独学习She ________________________. 26.他们将会觉得不舒服,除非他们在一个安静的房间里学习 27.They _________________unless they study __________. 28.我喜欢和他人交流I like to _____________. 29.一旦他们有机会和别人讨论这个内容,他们会理解得更好 30._____they have a chance to _______the subject ______other people, they __________. 31.他们使用不同的方式学习They _______________. 32.我每天早晨练习说英语I _____________every morning. 33.老师告诉我们上学不要迟到The teacher ________________school. 34.不要担心犯错误Don’t ________________. 35.请把这个故事翻译成英文Please _______the story ______ English. 36.我们太累了,让我们停下来休息吧We are so tired, ________________. 37.老师来了,不要说话了The teacher is coming, _________. 38.我的爸爸妈妈都是医生______________________doctors. 39.这本书使人们感觉更好The book can ______people __________. 40.如果你努力学习,就能通过考试_______________if you study hard. 41.你对自己有信心吗?Do you ____________________.

中考英语总复习资料

101 enjoy +doing 喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 Some gas is escaping from the pipe 有一些气体从管子里冒出 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么 106 far from 离某地远eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样 108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样?eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名词) 110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing 做了而又忘了eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to…从某某到某某eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…… eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了) Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了) 114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦 119 get sb to do sth 120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼go swimming 游泳 124 go on to do 去做下一件事go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学) 127 good way to 好方法 128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事hate doing 讨厌做过的事 129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈 131 have been doing 现在完成进行时eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …(地方)……去过某过地方have gone to …(地方)去了某地还没回来 133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做 eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做

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2020中考英语精华知识点全汇总! 一.英语语法重点与难点 1、as…as…结构: You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 2、 (1)too…to与so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换:前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较: The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与not enough to句型的转换: He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、形容词原级表示比较级含义:

约翰不象迈克那么笨。 John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、用比较级表示最高级:约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 6、 more and more….表示“越来……越……”: More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language. Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 二.中考考点—词组

初中历史开卷全套资料

一、问答题(古代史) 1.春秋战国时期我国是怎样由奴隶社会过渡到封建社会的? (战国时期各国变法运动的原因和重要意义是什么?) 答案见于中国历史1册第八课(46—47页再加上49页第三段) 2.指出公元3至公元6世纪我国社会发展的主要特征是什么?这一特征在政治、经济和文化上有哪些反应? 答案见于金榜第9页。 3.春秋战国时期为什么会出现百家争鸣的局面? 春秋战国时期,随着生产力的发展,旧的奴隶制瓦解,封建制尚未形成,周王室衰微,旧的礼制规范已经被大破,社会出现动乱局局面,面对这种现象,许多思想家发表各自的主张,形成不同的学派,出现了百家争鸣的局面。 4、西汉在汉武帝,唐朝在唐玄宗时达到全盛时期,试析汉唐盛世出现的原因 1)、两朝统治者都吸取前代速亡的教训,实行轻徭薄赋的的政策。 2)、两朝都经历了几代人的共同努力达到了盛事的景象。 5、汉唐时期为何会取得如此辉煌的科技文化成就? 两朝都实现了国家统一,政治稳定、经济繁荣,这位文化的繁荣昌盛奠定了基础; 实行开明的民族政策和开放的外交政策,各民族之间、中外文化之间交往频繁,各族人民经过共同努力,在继承前代文化和吸收外来文化的基础上,创造了辉煌灿烂的汉唐文化。 6、唐朝和清朝前期在对外贸易方面有什么不同表现?各产生了怎样的影响? 唐朝时期,政府采取开放的外交政策,鼓励各国商人到中国贸易,与中国同上往来的国家发展到70多个。这不仅促进了中国经济文化的繁荣,也促进了中外经济文化的交流,提高了中国在世界上的声誉,各国开始把中国人成为唐人。 清朝前期,采取闭关政策,政府严厉限制对外贸易。是中国失掉了对外贸易的主动权,阻碍了手工业的进步和发展,不能同外国进行科学知识和生产技术的交流,中国在世界上逐渐落伍了,只是中国在近代屡遭外国侵略,中国人也被蔑视为东亚病夫。 7、列举秦朝、汉朝、清朝在加强思想统治方面分别采取了措施,以及分别产生了什么影响? 秦朝焚书坑儒,加强了思想统治,对我国文化造成了莫大的损失。 汉朝:罢黜百家,独尊儒术,实现了思想的大一统,使儒家思想开始成为中国两千多年的正统思想。 清朝:大兴文字狱,造成了社会恐怖,摧残了人才,今古了人们的思想,严重阻碍了中国社会的发展和进步。 8 .江泽民说:…〃〃,历代王朝的覆灭都是同政权腐败分不开的。” 试用唐朝的历史事实说明上述观点的正确性。由此你得出什么启示?(见考试说明5) 中国近现代史 1、19世纪60—70年代,我国的政治、经济领域里发生了哪些重大事件和重大变化?这些事件和变化对后来的 历史发展产生了哪些影响?(16分) 答:政治领域:①总理衙门建立。资本主义国家形势控制清政府,清朝中央机构开始半殖民地化。 ②“辛酉政变”,那拉氏上台。中外反动势力开始勾结。那拉氏所代表的封建反动势力掌握最高统治权,对外卖国 投降,阻碍了中国资产阶级民主革命③.太平天国运动失败。太平天国是一次伟大的反封建反侵略的农民运动。运动的失败证明了农民阶级不能领导中国革命取得胜利。 经济领域:①《天津条约》《北京条约》签订。外国资本主义势力深入中国内地。中国市场被进一步打开。②洋务运动开始。洋务运动引进了西方国家的一些近代科学技术,培养了一批科技人才,在客观上刺激了中国资本主义的发展。③中国民族资本主义产生。随着近代中国资本主义工业的出现和发展,中国民族资产阶级形成并担负民主革命的领导任务。同时无产阶级队伍也逐步壮大。新的经济因素和新的阶级力量,对封建生产关系和政治制度起着越来越大的瓦解作用。 2、19世纪末20世纪初(一战前),中华民族危机加深的表现有哪些?对此中国人民进行了哪些重大抗争与探索活动?与以前的斗争相比,出现了哪些新特点?结合有关史实分析出现这些特点的原因。 危机加深的原因、表现:(原因:由于资本主义向帝国主义阶段过渡加大了对中国的侵略,再加上清朝中央机构的半殖民地化,有利于外国的侵略)甲午中日战争大大加深了中国的半殖民地化,其后帝国主义加剧了对中国的经济侵略、1898年掀起了瓜分中国的狂潮、1899年美国提出了对中国门户开放的政策;1900年八国联军侵华战争基辛丑条约的签订是中国完全陷入了半殖民地半封建社会的深渊。 活动:①戊戌变法运动;②义和团运动;③辛亥革命。 特点:①民族资产阶级成为运动的领导阶级;②斗争目标或指导思想明确,如孙中山的三民主义;③斗争手段或方式多样化,有改革、起义、革命等形式;④斗争的结果局部成功,如辛亥革命推翻了清朝统治,建立了资产阶级共和国。 原因:①19世纪末20世纪初,资本主义过渡到帝国主义阶段,对中国的侵略加剧,中国面临严重的民族危机; ②民族资本主义经济进一步发展,民族资产阶级的力量壮大,独立登上政治舞台;③西方思想文化进一步传播。3.史学界普遍认为,至1919年以前中国近代化历程由学习西方的军事器物,到学习西方的政治制度,再到学习西方思想文化经历了三个阶段,试分析这三个阶段分别有哪个阶级发动了那些运动来学习西方? 答:1)学习西方的军事器物:地主阶级洋务派,洋务运动;2)学习西方的政治制度:资产阶级,维新变法、辛亥运动;3)学习西方思想文化:资产阶级激进的民主主义者,新文化运动 4、分析辛亥革命和国民大革命的主要不同之处。你从这两次革命的最终结局受到什么启发? 1)不同之处:辛亥革命时的国内统治者是清政府,革命阶级是资产阶级;国民革命时期国内统治者是北洋军阀政府,革命阶级是资产阶级、无产阶级和各革命阶级的联盟。 2)最终结局:辛亥革命推翻了清朝的统治,但果实被袁世凯窃取了;国民革命基本推翻了北洋军阀的统治,但国民党右派叛变革命导致革命失败;总之两者都没有改变中国半殖民地半封建社会的性质。 启发:资产阶级的软弱型不能领导中国革命胜利,只有无产阶级才能救中国,革命的胜利不会是一帆风顺的,革命途中必须防止帝国主义与国内反革命势力的勾结破坏 5、第一次国内革命战争是一次真正广泛的、群众性的民族民主革命运动。回答: (1)第一次国内革命战争开始与失败的标志是什么?国民党一大的召开;七一五反革命政变。 (2)第一次国内革命战争为什么能迅速发展成为一场广泛的群众性的民族民主运动? 中国人民与帝国主义及本国封建势力矛盾尖锐;辛亥革命、五四运动、五卅运动等一系列斗争解放了人们的思想,启发了人们的觉悟,扩大了革命的影响;国共两党联合斗争,形成各革命阶级的联盟;中共大力开展工农运动。(3)第一次国内革命战争虽然失败了,但为今后革命运动的发展打下了基础。请举出有关史实予以说明。 扩大了共产党在群众中的影响;共产党开始掌握一部分革命武装;广大群众受到一次革命的洗礼;共产党认识到了坚持革命领导权和掌握革命武装的重要性。 6、孙中山一生的两次重大转变,即其后分别作出的巨大贡献 答:第一次:1894年孙中山上书李鸿章要求变法自强遭拒绝,由变法走上革命的道路;领导了辛亥革命推翻了两千多年的封建君主制度,使民主共和观念深入人心。第二次:由于二次革命、护国运动、护法运动的失败,同时受到俄国十月革命和中国五四运动的震动,孙中山认识到民众力量的伟大,决定改组国民党,与共产党合作;之后,实现了国共首次合作,领导了国民革命运动,基本推翻了北洋军阀的统治。 7、第一次国共合作是如何实现的?(要点:国共两党的相互需要,中共三大、国民党一大。)

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