国际商务试题 英语

I. True / False Questions (1 score per question)

1. The notion that national economies are relatively self-contained entiti es is on the rise.

2. Mercantilism advocated that countries should encourage exports and imports.

3. A firm becomes a multinational enterprise when it undertakes foreign direct investment.

4. The two most common methods of restricting inward FDI are ownershi p restraints and performance requirements.

5. The most global markets currently are markets for industrial goods an

d materials that serv

e a universal need the world over.

6. Outsourcing is a process that is limited to manufacturing enterprises.

7. According to Porter, four broad attributes of a nation shape the enviro nment in which local firms compete including supply conditions, factor e ndowments, regulation, and advanced factors. 8. One of the UN central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment , and conditions of economic and social progress and development

9. The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office building s and the like is referred to as the stock of FDI.

10. Licensing involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign c ountry.

II. Multiple Choice Questions(11-50,2score per question 51-60, 1 score

per question)

11. Which of the following is not characteristic of globalization? A

A. National economies are turning into independent economic systems.

B. Material culture is starting to look similar the world over.

C. Perceived distance is shrinking due to advances in transportation and t elecommunications.

D. Barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining.

12. Which of the following is not an impediment . that makes it difficult f or.firms.to.achieve.the.optimal.dispersion.of their productive activities to locations around the globe? A

A. Reduced transportation costs.

B. Government regulations.

C. Issues associated with economic and political risk.

D. Barriers to foreign direct investment.

13. Technological innovations have facilitated all of the following except:

A. globalization of production.

B. globalization of markets. D

C. creation of electronic global marketplaces.

D. creation of absolutely homogeneous（均匀的） consumer markets.

14. What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referre

d to as? C

A. Accumulation of foreign shares

B. Portfolio investments

C. Stock of foreign direct investments

D. Stock market investments

15. If the critics of globalization are correct, all of the following things mu st be shown except:D

A. the share of national income received by labor, as opposed to the shar e received by the owners of capital should have declined in advanced nat ions.

B. even though labor's share of the economic pie may have declined, livi ng standards need not deteriorate if the size of the total pie has increase d sufficiently to offset（抵消） the decline in labor's share.

C. the decline in labor's share of national income must be due to moving production to low-wage countries, as opposed to improving production t echnology and productivity.

D. economic growth in developed nations has offset the fall in unskilled workers' share of national income, raising their living standards.

16. This theory, advanced by the 19th-century English economist David Ricardo, forms the intellectual basis of the modern argument for unrestri cted free trade. C

A. Heckscher-Ohlin

B. Mercantilism

C. Comparative advantage

D. Absolute advantage

17. This theory explains the observed patterns of international trade by emphasizing the interplay between the proportions in which the factors of production are available in different countries and the proportions in which they are needed for producing particular goods. B

A. Mercantilism

B. Heckscher-Ohlin

C. Absolute advantage

D. Comparative advantage

18. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to Raymond Vernon's pro duct life-cycle theory. C

A. Early in their life cycle, most new products are produced in and export ed from the country in which they were developed.

B. As a new product becomes widely accepted internationally, productio n starts in other countries.

C. A product in the early stage of the product life-cycle is imported by the country where it was innovated.

D. A product may ultimately be exported back to the country of its origin al innovation.

19. The theory of _____, developed by Michael Porter, focuses on the im portance of country factors, in addition to factor endowments, such as d omestic demand and domestic rivalry in explaining a nation's dominance in the production and export of particular products. D

A. new trade

B. absolute advantage

C. comparative advantage

D. national competitive advantage

20.Identify the theory that can be interpreted as justifying some limited government intervention to support the development of certain export-oriented industries. A

A. Theory of national competitive advantage

B. Heckscher-Ohlin theory

C. Theory of comparative advantage

D. Theory of absolute advantage

21. Mercantilism viewed trade as a(n): B

A. economic evil.

B. zero-sum game.

C. nonessential economic activity.

D. threat to a government's independence. C

22. What is the basic message of the theory of comparative advantage?

A. Countries are similar in their ability to produce goods efficiently

B. International trade is rarely beneficial to a country

C. Potential world production is greater with unrestricted free trade than it is with restricted trade

D. Trade is a zero-sum game

23. According to the product life-cycle theory, the locus of global product ion initially switches from the U.S. to other advanced nations and then fr om those nations to developing countries. The consequence of this trend for the pattern of world trade is that over time the U.S.: B

A. becomes the sole producer of the product.

B. switches from being an exporter of the product to being an importer o f the product.

C. switches from being an importer of the product to being an exporter of the product.

D. becomes the sole consumer of the product.

24. _____ suggests that when nations trade, each nation may be able to specialize in producing a narrower range of products than it would in the absence of trade, and through trade, each nation can simultaneously incr ease the variety of goods available to its consumers and lower the costs of those goods. C

A. The product life-cycle theory

B. Porter's diamond of competitive advantage

C. New trade theory

D. The theory of comparative advantage

25. According to the new trade theorists, because early entrants are abl

e to gain _____, the early entrants into an industry may get a lock on the world market that discourages subsequent entry. D

A. zero-sum advantages

B. highly skilled employees

C. process expertise

D. economies of scale

26. A greenfield investment:

A. is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country. A

B. involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity.

C. involves a merger with a foreign business.

D. occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign country.

27. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the world as firms based in advanced countries invested in: C

A. underdeveloped; underdeveloped countries.

B. developed; underdeveloped countries.

C. developed; each other's markets.

D. underdeveloped; each other's markets.

28. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI. A

A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the developing nations of t he world.

B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite t arget for FDI inflows.

C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows.

D. Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the eme rging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia.

29. According to Knickerbocker: B

A. the firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market.

B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a fore ign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.

C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the fir m's own unique assets often requires FDI.

D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.

30. When two or more enterprises encounter each other in different reg ional markets, national markets, or industries, there is: C

A. vertical integration.

B. horizontal integration.

C. multipoint competition.

D. monopolistic competition.

31. The product life cycle suggests that:

A. often the same firms that pioneer a product in their home markets un dertake FDI to produce a product for consumption in foreign markets. A

B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a fore

ign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.

C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the fir m's own unique assets often requires FDI.

D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.

32. The _____ suggests that a firm will establish production facilities whe re foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located.D

A. product life cycle

B. strategic behavior theory

C. multipoint competition theory

D. eclectic paradigm

33. Advantages that arise from using resource endowments or assets th at are tied to a particular location and that a firm finds valuable to combi ne with its own unique assets are known as: A

A. location-specific advantages.

B. resource-specific advantages.

C. competitive advantages.

D. directional advantages.

34. John Dunning, a champion of the eclectic paradigm, argues that:

A. the firms that pioneer a product in their home markets undertake FDI

to produce a product for consumption in a foreign market. C

B. when a firm that is part of an oligopolistic industry expands into a fore ign market, other firms in the industry will be compelled to make similar investments.

C. combining location-specific assets or resource endowments and the fir m's own unique assets often requires FDI.

D. impediments to the sale of know-how increase the profitability of FDI relative to licensing.

35. According to the _____ view of FDI, MNEs extract profits from the ho st country and take them to their home country, giving nothing of value t o the host country in exchange. D

A. imperialist

B. conservative

C. free market

D. radical

36. Which of the following is not an impediment that makes it difficult fo r firms to achieve the optimal dispersion of their productive activities to l ocations around the globe? A

A. Reduced transportation costs.

B. Government regulations.

C. Issues associated with economic and political risk.

D. Barriers to foreign direct investment.

37. Michael Porter has argued that _____ and _____ are two basic strate gies for creating value and attaining a competitive advantage in an indust ry. C

A. differentiation; price competition

B. economies of scale; diversification.

C. low cost; differentiation

D. efficiency; promotion

38. The _____ was created in 1944 by 44 nations that met in Breton Woo ds, New Hampshire to promote economic development. A

A. World Bank

B. International Trade Center

C. World Trade Organization

D. United Nations C

39. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to the World Wide Web.

A. It makes it much easier for buyers and sellers to find each other.

B. Viewed globally, it is emerging as an equalizer.

C. It rolls back all of the constraints of location, scale, and time zones.

D. It allows businesses to expand their global presence at a lower cost th an ever before. D

40. Technological innovations have facilitated all of the following except:

A. globalization of production.

B. globalization of markets.

C. creation of electronic global marketplaces.

D. creation of absolutely homogeneous consumer markets.

41. What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referre

d to as? C

A. Accumulation of foreign shares

B. Portfolio investments

C. Stock of foreign direct investments

D. Stock market investments

42. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the former Communist nat ions of Europe and Asia. A

A. The economies of most of the former Communist states are very stron g and developed.

B. Many of the former Communist nations of Europe and Asia share a co mmitment to free market economies.

C. As a result of disturbing signs of growing unrest and totalitarian tende ncies, the risks involved in doing business in these countries is very high.

D. For about half a century these countries were essentially closed to We stern international business.

43.When a company "exports jobs" overseas, the company is: C

A. helping domestic workers by pushing up wage rates.

B. increasing the demand of qualified domestic workers.

C. taking advantage of lower wages in foreign markets.

D. deceiving the supporters of globalization.

44. Propagated in the 16th and 17th centuries, ___ advocated that count ries should simultaneously encourage exports and discourage imports. D

45. A. ethnocentrism

B. capitalism

C. collectivism

D. mercantilism

46. Identify the incorrect statement pertaining to Raymond Vernon's pro duct life-cycle theory. C

A. Early in their life cycle, most new products are produced in and export ed from the country in which they were developed.

B. As a new product becomes widely accepted internationally, productio n starts in other countries.

C. A product in the early stage of the product life-cycle is imported by the country where it was innovated.

D. A product may ultimately be exported back to the country of its origin al innovation.

46. Identify the theory that can be interpreted as justifying some limited government intervention to support the development of certain export-oriented industries. A

A. Theory of national competitive advantage

B. Heckscher-Ohlin theory

C. Theory of comparative advantage

D. Theory of absolute advantage

47. China, deliberately keeping its currency value low against the U.S. dol lar in order to sell more goods to the United States, and thus amass a tra de surplus and foreign exchange reserves, is viewed by critics as followin g a: B

A. zero-sum game.

B. neo-mercantilist policy.

C. positive-sum game.

D. free trade policy.

48. A basic tenet of Ricardo's theory is that: B

A. consumers in those countries with an absolute advantage in the produ ction of all goods might derive no benefits from international trade.

B. consumers in all nations can consume more if there are no restrictions on trade.

C. restrictions on trade help consumers in countries that lack an absolute advantage in the production of a particular good.

D. trade is a zero-sum game.

49. According to the _____ model, when a rich country enters into a free trade agreement with a poor country that rapidly experiences dynamic g ains, the rich country is likely to not have net gains. D

A. absolute advantage

B. mercantilist

C. Heckscher-Ohlin

D. Samuelson

50. According to the new trade theorists, because early entrants are able to gain _____, the early entrants into an industry may get a lock on the world market that discourages subsequent entry. D

A. zero-sum advantages

B. highly skilled employees

C. process expertise

D. economies of scale

51. A greenfield investment: A

A. is a form of FDI that involves the establishment of a new operation in a foreign country.

B. involves a 7 percent stock in an acquired foreign business entity.

C. involves a merger with a foreign business.

D. occurs when a firm acquires another company in a foreign country.

52. If General Electric, a U.S. based corporation, purchased a 50 percent i nterest in a company in Italy, that purchase would be an example of a(n):

A. minority acquisition. C

B. outright stake.

C. majority acquisition.

D. greenfield investment.

53. FDI has been rising for all of the following reasons except: B

A. the globalization of the world economy.

B. the general increase in trade barriers over the past 30 years.

C. firms are trying to circumvent trade barriers.

D. there is a shift toward democratic political institutions and free marke t economies.

54. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the _____ nations of the w orld as firms based in advanced countries invested in: C

A. underdeveloped; underdeveloped countries.

B. developed; underdeveloped countries.

C. developed; each other's markets.

D. underdeveloped; each other's markets.

55. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the direction of FDI. A

A. Historically, most FDI has been directed at the developing nations of t he world.

B. During the 1980s and 1990s, the United States was often the favorite t arget for FDI inflows.

C. The developed nations of the EU have received significant FDI inflows.

D. Recent inflows into developing nations have been targeted at the eme rging economies of South, East, and Southeast Asia.

56. The total amount of capital invested in factories, stores, office buildin gs, and the like is summarized by: A

A. gross fixed capital formation.

B. total investment capital.

C. total tangible investment.

D. gross depreciable investments.

57. Most cross-border investment is: B

A. in the form of greenfield investments.

B. made via mergers and acquisitions.

C. between American and Japanese companies.

D. involved in building new facilities.

58. The rise in FDI in the services sector is a result of all of the following e xcept: B

A. the general move in many developed countries away from manufactur ing and toward services.

B. accelerating regulations of services.

C. many services cannot be traded internationally.

D. many countries have liberalized their regimes governing FDI in service s.

59. When two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regi onal markets, national markets, or industries, there is: C

A. vertical integration.

B. horizontal integration.

C. multipoint competition.

D. monopolistic competition.

60. The _____ suggests that a firm will establish production facilities whe re foreign assets or resource endowments that are important to the firm are located. D

A. product life cycle

B. strategic behavior theory

C. multipoint competition theory

D. eclectic paradigm

国际商务英语 初级 试卷及参考答案

★绝密·考试前严禁任何人翻阅 全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 试题册 考试时间：2014年5月31日 09:30-11:30 ※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ 考生姓名： 准考证号： 考点（考区）： 注意事项 一、考生将姓名、身份证号、考试项目、考点（考区）、准考证号填涂在试题册及答题卡（答 题纸）相应位置。 二、考生在规定考试时间内做完试题册上的试题，并将答案填涂在答题卡（答题纸）相应位 置，写在试题册上的答案一律无效。全部答题时间为120分钟。 三、考生在答题卡上作答时，切忌超出答题区域。如因超出区域作答导致答题卡失效，由考 生个人负责。客观题按题号顺序进行填涂，主观题在每题左上角写清题号按顺序作答。 凡因题号不清导致考试成绩有误，由考生个人负责。 四、考生不得将试题册、答题卡（答题纸）带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生方可离 开考场。 五、考生注意对自己的答案保密。若被抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

★请将答案写在答题卡上，答案写在试卷上无效。 一、客观题（本大题有60小题，每小题1分，共60分） [1-20] Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions: Listen to the following dialogue and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. Mike: It would be nice to see you again, Mary. Are you free on Sunday evening? Mary: I’ m sorry, I’m not. I’ve got to visit my aunt 1 . Mike: Oh, that’s a pity. Monday’s difficult for me. What about Tuesday evening? Mart: Tuesday’s bad for me as well. I’ve got to go to a meeting. Mike: Wednesday then? Mary: No, Wednesday’s out for me, I’m afraid. I’ve got to 2 and do some work. I really must. Mike: Oh, that’s a shame. Well, I can’t 3 Thursday. What about Friday? Mary: I’m 4 sorry. I’ve got to go out for dinner on Friday. Mike: Have you got to? Can’t you get out of it? Mary: I’m afraid not. I’ve simply got to go. Mike: Well, it looks as if we’ll have to wait till next week then. Mary: Yes, I’m sorry, Mike. Look, I must go now. I have to meet Lisa in ten minutes. Ring me next week 5 . Mike: Fine. Try and keep an evening free for me. 1．A. in the hospital B. in hospital C. in hotel D. in hostel 2．A. stay in B. staying C. stay D. sleep 3．A. make that B. make this C. make D. make it 4．A. outright B. awfully C. really D. totally 5．A. some time B. sometimes C. sometime D. some times Section B Directions: Listen to the following passage and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. For international investors, the decision to invest in a foreign country, whether to establish or 6 a plant or a sales network, or to purchase stocks or bonds, is a difficult one. Before they make the decision to invest abroad, international investors will have to make sure that the

国际商务英语等级考试 汉译英

第 2讲 要求对中文词组或句子进行翻译。要求应试者有相关词汇的积累，表达能力的体现及习惯用语的熟练程度。单词拼写要求准确，句子要求通顺无误。 共10题，15分。 1．具体询盘 2．百分之二的佣金 3．商品目录 4．出口单证 5．目的港 6．原产地证书 7．包装要求 8．供我方参考 9．即期信用证 10．品质超群 11.工艺精湛 12.在中国议付有效 13.警告性标志 14.装箱单 15.业务（贸易）伙伴 16.国有公司 17.商品检验 18.预约保险单 19.剪样 20.中国产地证 1.现金折扣 2.短装 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 汉译英 小测 备考单词句子

3.单价 4.续订单 5.即期装运 6.中国保险条款 7.商会 8.零售网点 9.实盘 10.一式三份 11.保险代理人 12.销售包装 13．发货人 14．保险凭证 15．贴身包装 16．出口订货 17．承兑 18．欧洲主要港口 19. 行名录 20. 带插图的商品目录21．收货人 22．平安险 23．账户 24．预约保险 25．指示提单 26.（资信）证明人27.做工；工艺 28.可供数量 29.轻工业产品 30.单证 31.小保单 32.首次询盘 33.数量折扣 34.交货条件 35.保险费 36.拼箱货 37.海运 38.行业杂志 39.保兑的、不可撤销的信用证 40.现金折扣 41.佣金 42.发票金额 43.运输标志 44.分批装运 45.装运单据 46.已装船通知 47.租船 48.商业信用 49.资信证明人 50.战争险 1.我方相信这些预防措施可防止货物再次出现损坏。 We believe that these precautions will be able to prevent a recurrence of damage. 2.我方已通知银行将该笔款项记入你公司账户的贷方。 We have instructed the bank to credit the amount into your account. 3.整套清洁已装船提单。 a full set of clean shipped /shipped on board bills of lading 4.该商品的报价为每打上海港船上交货价18美元。 This article is quoted at US$18.00 per dozen, FOB Shanghai. 5.兹授权你方按发票金额向该银行开立45天远期汇票。 You are authorized to draw on the bank at 45 days for the amount of the invoice value.

2011年5月国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷及答案

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商务英语口语900句(中英对照)

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