新GRE写作issue题目+翻译+提纲+例证

ETS官网公布的ISSUE新题库

This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE? revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool. Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.

1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.

当人们越来越依赖技术去解决问题，人类独立思考能力却退化。

否定。人类社会发展史可以看作劳动工具发展史，劳动工具的发展正是人类独立思考能力进步的体现。

1.大型机械（汽车，起重机等）将人类从繁重的体力劳动中解放出来，有时间和精力去解

决更加高级更加复杂的问题，因此思考能力由于机械的出现而得到提升。

2.显微镜的发明，使得人们对微观世界的视野更加开阔，看到更小的微粒和微生物的同时，

思考的范围更加广泛，生物学，医学，物理学等学科的发展得到了飞跃。

3.射电望远镜(radio telescope)的发明，使得人们对极大的扩大了在宏观世界宇宙中的视野，

在有了实际的证据之后，人类的思考变得有根有据，摆脱了占星术等伪科学pseudoscience的束缚，发展了现代天文学。

4.计算机的发明，将人类从复杂枯燥的重复性劳动中解脱出来，使得人们有更多的时间和

精力去思考更加复杂高级的问题，带动了几乎一切学科的飞跃。例如原子弹atomic bomb 爆炸实验，不再需要实际的爆炸，只需用计算机模拟，就可以获得更好更全面的效果。

2 To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.

要想了解一个社会最重要的特征，人们必须研究这个社会主要的城市。

肯定。主要城市是国家人口的聚居地，社会由人组成，所以研究社会就要研究城市。

1.政治文化活动可以体现出当权者和人民的心态以及二者之间的关系。

2.城市的建筑物可以反应出这个社会的文化底蕴和历时渊源，比如北京的老城区，古都风

味。

3.城市有许多博物馆，美术馆等，可以了解这个社会的历时特征。

4.公共场所中人们的活动，反映了该社会中人们的生活方式，比如生活节奏快慢，风土人

情，道德水准等等，都能直接反应这个社会的特征。

3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.

教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。

中立。既要劝阻，又不能横加阻拦。

1.要劝阻过多的该类行为。哥德巴赫猜想Goldbach Conjecture浪费时间精力，可以用来做

更有意义，对社会贡献更大的事情。比如环境科学，新能源，信息产业等等。

2.不能横加阻拦。科学的发展谁也说不准，说不定哪天会出现重大的突破。例如，非欧几

里德几何non-Euclidean Geometry Bolyai匈牙利数学家鲍耶·雅诺发现了第五公设不可证

明和非欧几何学的存在；莱特兄弟对飞机的研究和制造，在当时认为是不可思议的；爱迪生用1600多种材料进行实验，最终成功发明电灯，都是看似不可能的。

4 Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.

丑闻是有裨益的，因为它们让人们注意到一些问题，任何演说家和改革家都无法做到的。

肯定。丑闻能唤起全社会对社会阴暗面的重视，产生舆论将促进立法等改革，比演说家和改革家效果好。

1.食品安全立法重要性。例如，三鹿奶粉，三聚氰胺。虽然专家多次重复，但在此之前未

引起广泛关注。出事之后全社会引起了注意。

2.隐私权保护重要性。英国《太阳报》The Sun，默多克Keith Rupert Murdoch拥有的新闻

集团News Corporation，News of the World窃听众多名人、政治家、军人、甚至伦敦地铁爆炸案遇难者家属的电话而引起的公愤，停刊。

3.学术成功鉴定重要性。例如，韩国科学家黄禹锡Hwang Woo-suk在科学杂志上发表的研

究成果子虚乌有，韩国蒙羞，取消其称号。

5 Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.

Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.

结论：政府需要给社会主要城市提供财政支持，来保证其繁荣发展。

原因：一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以传承和发展。

肯定。城市是人的聚居地，是文化的集中体现，因此是财政投资的目标。

1.必要性。城市里人多，文化生活需求也多，需要投资以繁荣城市以满足人们的文化生活

需求。体育场，图书馆，公园，等等。

2.公平性。城市人多，纳税多，因此在城市投资公共事业相当合理。

3.有效性。城市产业密集，投资收益大。文化发展事半功倍

4.创新性。可衍生别的产业，动漫，IT等，城市功能多元化。

6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.

在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

肯定。

1．公平性。大学入学标准统一，学生受教育程度统一。

2．可扩展性。学生流动，师资流动和交流，提高教学质量。

3．高效低成本。国家研究教育方法等，标准统一，培养师资。

7 Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.

有些人认为政府对艺术的资助是有必要的，资助能够保证艺术繁荣发展，并且让所有人享受艺术。也有人认为政府对艺术的资助会威胁到艺术的完整性。

中立。政府应该投资艺术教育，基础设施，并建立相关法律和政策保证艺术发展的公平性。

1.艺术教育可以从整体上提升全民的艺术素养，从根本上促进艺术的繁荣发展。

2.基础设施可以提供给人民一个平台来演绎各种艺术，从硬件上保证了艺术发展的可行性。

3.建立法律法规和制定相关政策，保证一个公平的环境，保证艺术发展。文革。

8 Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.

Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.

结论：如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。

原因：对于任何机构，最可靠的成功途径是通过新领导阶层带来革新。

分情况讨论。

1.政治，选举，民主体制的优越性，四到五年一选。

2.商业，商业的发展是一个长期的过程，为了政策的一致性和连贯性，若该领导人成就显

著，则应该让其继续就任；反之则当换人，与五年期限无关。

3.教育，同上

4.医疗，人民切身体验和感受，医疗制度的合理性，决定是去是留。

9 In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.

任何研究领域，如果不首先接受该领域中过去成就的影响，就不可能会有意义重大的成功。大正小负。大多数领域如此，也有不少发明是灵感突显，但也离不开以前知识的积累。

10 Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.

国家应该通过法令保护任何存留的原生态地区保持原状，即便这些地区可以用作商业开发。肯定。原生态地区越来越少，如果不加以保护，很快就会消失殆尽。

1.原生态地区是地球上宝贵的生态资源，生物链和生物圈保持运行的重要场所，保护原生

态地区就是保护人类自身。

2.可以通过适当开发旅游资源来促进原生态地区当地的商业收入，以此提高当地居民生活

水平，同时为更好的保护原生态地区提供了资金支持。西双版纳，神农架，黄石公园，五大湖地区。

3.

11 People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.

人们的行为多是被外界力量所左右，难以被自己控制。

大正小负。大多数情况下的确如此，越来越强大的外界力量让很多人无法控制自己的行为。

1.商业广告，促使人们买各种自己不怎么需要的商品。

2.攀比心理

3.从众心理

4.依然有人可以克服外界力量，自己控制自己的行为。战争中的英雄，不畏威逼利诱，誓

死不出卖同伴，完成任务。

12 Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.

对任何被大学录取但无法承担学费的学生，政府应该为他们提供免费大学教育。

从另一方面说，全面的说。文明社会的终极目标是实现教育的全民免费，但现阶段还做不到，为了实现此目标，可以采取一下措施。

1.奖学金制度。给学习优秀的同学发放奖学金，作为奖励，解决其学费和生活费的问题，

鼓励学生好好学习。

2.助学贷款制度。给家庭贫困的同学提供助学贷款，解决其学费和生活费的问题，也不会

给纳税人增加太多的负担。解决了贫困同学无法支付学费的问题，保证了教育资源分配的公平性。

3.勤工俭学。提供勤工俭学岗位给贫困学生挣钱的机会，一定程度上解决了其生活和学费

问题。

13 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.

大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。

虽然广博的知识在当今社会很重要，但要求每个学生都学习专业以外的课程并不现实。为了解决这个问题也有一些可行的方法。

1.理工科专业的学生学好自己的专业就已经非常繁忙，没有时间和精力继续学习其他专业

的课程。但这并不代表只学该学科的学生就没有成就，中南大学大三学生解决了世界难题，被任命为教授，并收到了斯坦福大学的邀请。

2.文科学生没有基础去学习理工科知识，如果从头开始补更不现实。

3.学习别的专业的课程很有好处，黄明

4.可以在专业课程中加入别的专业的课程，比如北京大学正在试点，数学系中加入生物学

等学科。

14 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.

在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

15 Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.

教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些为将来高收入工作铺路的研究领域。

否定，相反，应当鼓励学习对人类发展有利的学科。1.对财富的追求是持续且永恒的，因此不需要鼓励；2.教育部门的作用是引领可持续发展，社会赋予责任，科学中心，避免目光短浅；3.朝阳产业，而非夕阳产业，为人类未来造福。总结。

16 Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.

有些人认为，为了保证效力，政治领袖一定要屈从民众意见，为妥协而放弃原则。也有人认为，有效力的领导者一定具备持续坚定自己原则和目标的能力。

PaPandreou，financial retrenchment财政紧缩，resign辞职了。应当resolute，拯救国家，而非逃避。华盛顿，拒绝连任第三届。

17 Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.

正规教育往往遏制学生的思维和精神，而不是解放思维和精神。

18 The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.

当很多人都质疑权威时，社会才会繁荣昌盛。

19 Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.

政府应该把更多的精力放在解决当务之急上，而不是试图解决未来预期问题上。

20 Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.

有些人认为大学生应该根据自己的才能和兴趣选择研究领域。也有人认为大学生应该选择那些容易找到工作的研究领域。

21 Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.

法律应该根据不同的环境、时期和地点而足够灵活。

否定。

1.不可能，曾经有profane美国国旗的行为，应立法，但难以界定，未通过；

2.公平性；法律本身的公平性也会破坏；

3.转折，地域灵活性，比如美国某些州没有死刑death penalty，不违反宪法的情况下constitution；环境保护法，加州，汽车排放法规较为严格。

22 Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals.

结论：了解一个社会特点的最好方法是，考察这个社会标榜的英雄人物和模范榜样的特点。原因：英雄人物和模范榜样揭示了一个社会的最高理念。

同意。美国崇尚自由民主平等，生命的价值；中国崇尚牺牲个人，服从集体；

1.耶稣Jesus，拯救万民于水火，最终被钉死，但中国没有拯救万民于水火的；

2.马丁路德金Martin Luther King，反对种族隔离，争取人人平等，最终修改了法律；中国强调遵守并维护现存纪律，没有因修改法律而成为英雄的人物；

3.麦凯恩Mackain，战俘a prisoner of the Vietnam War，letter of apology；中国战俘是耻辱，不可能成为英雄，强调宁死不做战俘；

4.休汤姆森Thomson反对同伙杀越南平民，同情尊重生命，博爱，人性的光芒beauty of humanity维护正义Justice；在中国没有，若有则是叛徒，中国强调的是服从命令，服从集体；综上，英雄人物的特点反映了社会的价值观values和价值取向value orientation，因此反映了社会的最高理念。

23 Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.

政府应该尽量不去限制科学研究和发展。

同意。

1.支持，基础学科，科学家们无后顾之忧，潜心研究科学，因为这是为人类作贡献。

2.立法保护，有商业价值的研究，让更多的人来创新。

3.设法引导，对社会有价值的研究方向，新能源，环境，疾病治疗等。

4.有些领域必须加以限制，比如克隆人，违反了人类伦理ethic

5.还有的领域限制民间研究，比如原子弹，甚至个别国家也被国际社会限制研究原子弹。

24 The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.

教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。

否定。

1.表扬：孝敬，善良，诚信。

2.批评：欺负弱者，偷窃，欺骗。

25 Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.

政府应该为所有的学生提供免费的大学教育。

26 The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.

现代生活的奢华和便利，让人们无法成为真正强大、独立的个体。

肯定。古今对比

1.军事，古代：一个强大的人物可以和国家对抗；现代无法做到，各个系统相互协作。

2.科研，古代一个科学家可以做出卓越贡献。现代科研项目团队协作。

3.商业，乔布斯，比尔盖茨，离不开团队，产品离不开各国零部件。

4.生活，古代个人生活可以自给自足，现代生活离不开各行各业的支持。

27 In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.

在所有的研究领域中，新手要比专家更有可能获得重要的发现。

否定。专家比新手贡献大。专家队伍里也分年轻专家和资深专家。

1.数学

2.物理学

3.医学

28 The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.

一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上，而不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。不仅体现着伟大人物的成就上，更体现在国民安乐，对待国际事务的态度上。

1.前苏联。成就明显，航天，载人航天，军事工业，文学艺术等，领导人奢华，不受监督，

人民无自由，民不聊生，生灵涂炭，谈何伟大。

2.美国。人民富足，自由民主，平等博爱，思想智慧释放，国际上维持公平正义。

29 The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.

无论是教育工作者、雇主，还是父母，教育的最佳方法是是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。

30 Teachers' salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.

教师的薪水应该基于学生的学业成绩。

31 Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.

社会应该努力拯救濒危物种，只要这些物种的灭绝是人类活动的结果。

否定。应该都进行保护。

1.简述生态平衡重要性。每个物种都很重要。

2.都应该进行保护，目的都是保护人类自身。

3.不应该以财力有限为借口，全社会的事情，发达国家义不容辞。

32 College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.

大学生应该选择那些就业前景好的研究领域。

33 As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.

当人们获得越来越多的知识时，事情非但没有变得更加透彻，反而更加复杂神秘。

否定。

1.天文学。

2.工业

3.生物学

4.医学。

34 In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.

在任何情况下，持有不同意见的人讨论过程中才会有进步。

35 Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.

教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。

否定。非但要支持，而且要鼓励。

36 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.

政府不应该资助任何后果不明的科学研究。

1.基础学科。非欧氏几何，说不定以后有此突破，对人类科学做出巨大贡献。

2.天外星体的探索。不明确，但如若成功则有可能拓展人类生存空间，使得星际航行甚至

旅游都成为可能。

3.新能源。解决人类能源持续问题。

4.环境问题，全球变暖之迷。

37 Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.

社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。

否定。

1.公平性。如果单独从幼年开始培养那些天资聪颖的孩子，势必消耗大量额外的教育资源，

大大破坏了教育的公平性，因为每个孩子的父母都是纳税人。

2.可行性。天资聪颖的孩子不是一般老师教的了的，需要大量高水平的老师，并且将这些

孩子和老师集中起来。寄宿制，孩子无法自理，产生很多问题。

3.成功率低。即使不考虑上面两点，也无法保证如此方法培养出来的孩子就一定能够为社

会做出巨大贡献，因为后天的努力更加重要。

4.贡献最多的还是那些主流教育培养出的人，如若天资聪颖，可以自行培养。

38 It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.

我们主要通过认同社会群体来定位自己。

中立。

1.政治人物。

2.电视节目主持人。

3.也有很多领域，认可度不高，但他们依旧实现了自己的人生价值。

39 College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.

应该鼓励大学生选择自己感兴趣的课程，而不是那些容易找到工作的课程。

40 Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.

Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.

结论：在编制教学课程时，教育工作者应该考虑学生的兴趣和建议。

原因：当学生对所学的内容感兴趣时，他们学习的动力更强。

41 The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.

个人的伟大是由后来人评判，不是由同时代的人来评判。

42 Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.

学生应该质疑所学的知识，而不是被动的接受。

43 The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.

如今节奏日益加快的生活解决的问题，远不及带来的麻烦。

44 Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.

结论：当今任何社会已经不再可能将任何在世的人标榜为英雄人物。

原因：任何人遭受媒体的监察，必定会声名扫地。

45 Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.

追求高分数严重地限制各阶段的学习质量。

46 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.

大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。

47 Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.

教育工作者应该发掘学生对课程的需求，并满足他们。

48 Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.

学生应该先学习有助于解释知识的理念、趋势和概念后，教育工作者再教学生知识。

不否定，也不推崇。一个事实是，很多科学原理都是科学前辈们通过大量的事实归纳总结出来的，因此学习的时候先了解事实再学习理念和概念，效果会更好。

1.物理学，奥斯特Oersted发现通电导体conductor周围存在磁场magnetic field，通过导

线旁边小磁针magnetic needle的转动。

2.牛顿发现苹果的下落，思考万有引力universal gravitation。

3.医学，输血transfusion的大量失败，让人们发现了血型blood type。

4.当然，先学习理念和概念，可以让学习的过程速度很快，但效果肯定不如前面各项。

49 Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.

Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.

结论：相比意见不同的人来说，通常，我们从意见相同的人那里学的更多。

原因：意见不统一会导致压力，阻碍学习。

否定。意见不同的人哪里学到的更多。

1.政治界。民主体制就是通过不同意见来改进体制，前苏联，南北韩。

2.商界。大公司一个法案，如果不同意见的人讨论通过，则成功可能性更大。

3.科学界。伽罗华，薛定谔。

50 Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.

政府官员应该依靠自己的判断做决定，而不是不假思索地遵从大众的意愿。

基本肯定。

1.能源部门，研究新能源。

2.环境保护

3.市政部门，纽约中央公园

4.医疗教育等民众直接体验的项目，政府应多听从人民的意见。

51 Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.

应该鼓励年轻人追寻长期的、现实的目标，而不是寻求短期的声名。

肯定。很多成名的，成功的人物几乎无一例外都是付出了长达数年甚至十几年的努力。

1.体育明星。

2.娱乐界明星

3.科学家

4.任何人的成功，都有偶然性和必然性，然而只有具备必然性之后才有偶然的可能。

52 The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.

教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。

53 If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.

只要值得，不择手段达到目的是合理的。

否定。

1.不能违反法律，诚信，孝顺，等等原则。

2.政治，尼克松，水门事件

3.科学，剽窃他人研究成功。

4.商业，诚信原则。

54 In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature. 为了成为全面发展的个体，应该要求所有的大学生选择可以阅读诗歌、小说、神话等想象力文学的课程。

55 In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.

若是任何艺术作品（例如，电影、文学、雕塑或者歌曲）存在价值，都必须易于大多数人理解。

不一定。

1.

56 Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.

很多重要的发现或创造都是偶然的：通常，人们为一个问题寻求答案时，通常获得其他问题的答案。

肯定。

1.微波炉的发明，radar，Spencer，sugar in his pocket was melting, popcorn exploded in the

machine, he realizing he was inventing a revolutionary machine

2.喷墨打印机的发明ink-jet printer，an engineer from canon，accidentally put an electric iron

on a pen, causing the ink ejected from the pen

3.X-ray，Roentgen，he was investigating the property of CRT，1895，when light go through a

opaque paper, he can see the paper clearly

57 The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.

研究历史的最大益处在于打破这样的幻想：现代人和历史上的人有很大不同。

肯定。社会发展，人们生活提高，但人类本质并没有改变。研究历史有一下3个目的。

1.了解过去。通过了解本民族和世界各地的历时事件，我们可以了解过去的自己，和现在

的自己做对比，并无二致。对财富和地位的追求等等。

2.以史为鉴take history as a mirror，前人犯下的错误，也是今天我们有可能重蹈覆辙的，

因此研究历史可以让我们汲取智慧，总结经验教训，避免重复前人的错误。两次世界大战对和平的渴望，两次工业革命带来的环境污染，闭关锁国，落后挨打的道理。

3.Correct our words and deeds, mode our spirit, with the help of traditional virtue of history.

古希腊智慧教我们学会独立思考，欧洲文艺复兴教我们释放人性，提倡理性，感受资本主义的基本原则：自由，民主，平等，人权，法治等，科学家伽利略，牛顿，爱迪生，爱因斯坦等人教育我们要不怕失败，刻苦钻研，谨慎谦虚。每个民族，每个国家都为人类留下了宝贵的财富，看不见，摸不着，却可以净化灵魂。正是千古以来人们根据历史来匡正言行，塑造灵魂，才能不断发展不断进步。

同意，研究历史有很多目的，其中很重要的一个就是题目所述。

1.虽然表现形式多种多样，但有很多共性。美好的东西，自由，民主，平等，正义，爱情等。

2.对真理的追求。

3.邪恶的本质也是相同的，举例。

4.表现形式多种多样，科学技术日新月异，生活更加方便快捷；社会形态逐渐民主化，人民更多的得到解放，可以预测未来社会更加人性化。但本质是一样的。

58 Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.

从根本上讲，教育是个人的事情。学校不可能单方面激励学生。

中立。学校和家庭都很重要。

1.学校的重要性。a.学生在学校的时间占据大多数。b.教育作为人类社会的一个重要功能，

学校扮演着不可或缺的角色。c.社会分工明确，学校作用明显。

2.家庭也很重要。维纳Wiener是一个名符其实的神童。维纳的父亲列奥很早就发现

了儿子的天赋，并坚信借助于环境进行教育的重要性，他从一开始学习就实施的教育计划，用一种多少无情的方式驱使他不寻常的儿子。爱迪生经常问古怪的问题，被老师认为低能，母亲用心培养，最终成为大发明家。

59 Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.

科学家和科研人员应该研究更容易造福大众的领域。

中立。不能这么绝对，的确应该鼓励科学家研究造福人类的领域，但不应该认为的加以限制。

1.诚然，诸如新能源，环保等领域是直接造福人类的，应该加以鼓励。

2.但是，不可以限制科学家的研究方向，只要其动机是好的，因为其最终的结果是对人类

有好处的。比如欧式几何。

3.也有一些研究领域的目的不是造福人类，但最终获得了造福人类的结果。比如原子弹的

研究，核反应堆应用在发电；概率论。

60 Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.

政治家应该寻求共同立场和合理的一致，而不是深奥的理想。

不同意，不应该对立。

1．不对立，应该有自己的政治追求和理想，同样不可忽视民意，政治家的艺术将二者有机的结合起来。

2．顺从民意是民主的特点，民主是终极目标，发达国家都是民主国家，各方面健康发展，独裁国家正相反。

3.也要有自己的政治目标，有事公众意愿并不可取，因此要为自己的目标奋斗，与此同时有机的结合民意。华盛顿，帕潘德里欧。

61 People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.

人们在从事危险活动之前应该认真地考虑一下后果。

肯定。

1.体育。

2.医疗。

3.军事。

4.商业。

这是一个科学冷静的态度，而非胆小的行为。

62 Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.

领导者主要是由身负的责任所造就的。

否定。所负的责任很重要，但自身属性更加重要。

1.政治领导人。美国总统华盛顿，林肯，罗斯福，自己的聪明才智，优秀的品格，坚忍不

拔的精神，使得这些总统功勋卓著。

2.商界。乔布斯，曾经一度离任苹果公司，但公司状况低迷，其回到苹果之后，情况不但

大为好转，反而成为市值最大的公司。

3.军事。巴顿将军Patton，二战时期著名将领。

4.大学校长。哈佛大学校长化学家埃利奥特（Charles William Eliot）任职40年，把哈佛大

学建立成为了一所规模宏大的现代化大学。

63 There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.

特别是考虑到花费代价和精力，对于任何社会，投入巨大的努力拯救濒危的动植物是不合理的。

64 The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.

人类智慧终将优于机器，因为机器只是人类智慧的工具。

否定。不能下定论。

1.当前来看，计算机远不如人类智慧。

2.硬件体系结构，冯诺依曼结构John Von Neumann，会发生变化，性能会强不知多少倍。

3.软件技术，编程技巧，算法。

4.谨慎对待机器的能力。很难说有一天机器会超过人类，机器人，必须设定自毁装置等等。

65 Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.

每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，违抗不公平的法律。

否定。

1.在民主国家，公正的法律要遵守。

2.不公正的法律也要遵守，因为很难不公平性带有主观性。

3.如果认为不公平可以提意见，如果反应的人多，国会必然有所反应。

4.不民主国家，不公平的法律更多，如果不修改制度，就无法解决法律不公平。

*66 People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.

对于一种想法或者政策最忠实的人往往是那些对其最严厉的人。

67 Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being.

Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.

有些人认为，社会应该拯救所有濒危的动植物，尽管花费人类的精力、时间和资金。也有人认为，社会没有必要拯救濒危物种，特别是需要花费大量的资金和精力。

68 Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit.

Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.

有些人认为教育的目的是解放思维和精神。也有人认为正规教育往往遏制学生的思维和精神，而不是解放它们。

69 Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.

有些人认为政治领导向大众隐瞒信息是有必要的，甚至是有益的。也有人认为公众有知情权利。

公众有知情权。

1.的确有少数事情必须保密，且分等级。

2.除此之外，必须公开。

3.公开的越多，发展的越好，民主化越高。

70 Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's major field of study.

Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.

结论：大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。

原因：接受真正的教育的最佳途径是获得各种学科知识。

71 Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.

应该鼓励年轻人追寻长期的、现实的目标，而不是寻求短期的声名。

72 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.

政府不应该资助任何后果不明的科学研究。

73 Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.

学院和大学应该要求所有的教员拿出时间，参与学术界以外与教学科目相关的领域工作。中立。分情况讨论。

1.有些需要。机械工程mechanical engineering从事制造管理设计等活动，到具体场所看设

备使用情况，积累经验。企业管理business management，到企业参与具体的企业管理项目，增加见识，增长经验。市场营销marketing，参加具体的市场营销项目，可以增长经验。

2.还有些领域不需要，数论，非欧几何等，不但浪费时间，还没有效果。

74 Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.

了解过去不能帮助人们在现在做重要的决定。

否定。

1.

75 In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.

在这个媒体无孔不入的时代，当今任何社会已经不再可能将任何在世的人标榜为英雄人物。（媒体与之有何相关性）

不同意。虽然媒体的广泛监督能力的确让有些英雄人物不再光辉，但依然可以将普通人通过光辉行为一夜之间成为英雄。

1.让步。施瓦辛格Schwarzenegger，bastard with his servant，老虎伍兹”Tiger” Woods

2.但是普通人却可以通过媒体一夜之间成为英雄，瞬间的行为反映伟大的本性。最美妈妈，

最美女教师。

76 We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.

相比意见不同的人来说，通常，我们从意见相同的人那里学的更多。

77 The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.

了解当代文化最有效的方式是分析当代年轻人的潮流。

肯定。

1.音乐

2.服饰

3.文学

4.通讯

5.职业

6.校园文化

78 People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.

人们的态度更多是由即时环境决定，而不是社会整体环境。

肯定。

1.人生态度。农民，出来上学，另一个干农活。

2.专业方向。大学兴趣小组。

3.物以类聚人以群分。Birds of a feather flock together

79 Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.

Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.

结论：最能说明辩论效果的是，让持有相反观点的人信服。

原因：面对疑问和他人相反的观点，只有一个人为某观点辩护时，他才能发现某观点的价值所在。

同意。

1.伽利略Galileo反驳亚里士多德Aristotle的推理

2.商业，通过说服反对者，可以把所有不利条件都考虑到，使得计划更为周密，成功率更

高。

3.政治上也是。政策的反对者不是坏事，过程中可能使得政策或法律完善，反对党。

80 Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.

当有公民为饥饿和失业所困时，政府需要中止对艺术的资助。

同意。人类需求分层次，首先是物质，其次才是精神（艺术）。

1.国家分类。非洲国家对艺术的投入很少。

2.北朝鲜，不顾人民死活。

3.前苏联，走向崩溃。

81 All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.

所有的家长都必须无偿地为子女的学校花费时间。

82 Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.

学院或大学应该要求学生在国外至少留学一个学期。

否定。大多数专业没有必要。分专业，分情况考虑。

1.考古，罗马史等等，有必要，无可厚非。

2.国际合作项目，则比较有益处。

3.如果家庭不允许，不可强求。

4.大多数专业没必要，因为打基础阶段在哪里都一样，而本国大学完全可以满足，基础很

重要，因此没必要出国。

要分情况考虑，完全不是强求的。

*83 Teachers' salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students.

教师的薪水应该基于学生的学业成绩。

否定。分情况。

中小学。

大学。

84 It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.

当今任何社会已经不再可能将任何在世的人标榜为英雄人物。

85 Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.

有些人认为，为了保证社会繁荣，相比个体民众的安乐，社会整体的成功更为重要。也有人认为，一个社会的繁荣，只能通过社会民众的安乐来衡量。

86 Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve.

Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.

有些人认为政府官员应该遵从大众的意愿。也有人认为政府官员依靠自己的判断做决定。

87 Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.

Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.

结论：任何被称作事实的信息都应该被怀疑，因为它们很可能在将来被证明是错误的。

原因：很多被人们称作是事实的信息结果是错误的。

中立。分情况，有些该怀疑，有些不该怀疑。

1.应该用一颗冷静的头脑去怀疑周围生活中的信息，因为知识爆炸，信息爆炸，鱼龙混杂，

应该冷静的辨别真伪。技术手段不够，主管态度问题，决定了新闻等信息不一定正确。

2.科学上必须有怀疑的态度才能进步。伽利略，牛顿。

3.不能过分的怀疑，否则将阻碍发展。巨人肩膀，基础知识。进一步学习。

88 Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.

Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people's basic needs are not being met.

结论：当有公民为饥饿和失业所困时，政府需要中止对艺术的资助。

原因：当人们的基本需求得不到保障时，使用公共资源扶持艺术是不合适的，甚至是残忍的。

89 Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts or minds.

结论：现代社会的很多问题不能通过司法途径解决。

原因：法律无法改变人们的感情和思想。

肯定。法律仅仅是最低标准。

1.情感

2.诚信

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c77026399.html,w of the flag，爱国是自愿行为，不应该被法律所强制。

90 Educators should take students' interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.

在编制教学内容时，教育工作者应该考虑学生的兴趣。

肯定。“兴趣是最好的老师。”爱因斯坦。

1．大科学家，无一不是在浓厚的兴趣驱使之下而成的大科学家。所以教科书应该充分考虑到学生的兴趣。

2．有些教材编写的很好，成就了很多名人，反之很多教材编写的不理想，很快被取代了。3．教育发达的国家，教材有趣。反之无趣。

4．兴趣小组，学的好，科学家，所以教材考虑兴趣很重要，国家成就。

91 The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have more leisure time.

技术进步的首要目的是增加人们的效率，以便大家有更多闲暇的时间。

否定。的确有很多发明的初始目的是为了提高效率，但也有很多别的发明不是。

1．让步。蒸汽机，汽车，飞机等，是提高效率。

2．但是，很多发明初始目的是其他的。比如巴斯德Pasteur消毒法Pasteurization，保存食物中的营养；伽利略等科学家研究天文学，对真理的渴望；概率论的发明是为了赌博的目的。

92 Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.

在评估学生的学习情况时，教育工作者应该关注学生是否能够解释所学知识阐明的思想、趋势和概念，而不是是否牢记知识。

93 Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.

很不幸，在当代社会，打造一个引人入胜的外表已经变得比外表下的内容更加重要。

中立。外表重要，内容同样重要。社会进步的，追求真善美。

1.商业产品

2.人际交往，应聘，交朋友

3.政治家竞选。

94 The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens.

国家领导工作效能最好通过国民的安乐来评判。

95 All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.

所有的家长都必须无偿地为子女的学校花费时间。

96 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.

在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

97 Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.

学院或大学应该要求学生在国外至少学习一个学期。

98 Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.

教育机构应该鼓励大学生选择那些就业前景好的研究领域。

99 People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.

人们的行为多是被外界力量所左右，难以被自己控制。

100 Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.

学院或大学应该要求学生在国外至少学习一个学期。

（多次出现）

101 Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.

尽管诸如电视、电脑和互联网等发明似乎给学校教育提供改良的手段，但是这些技术往往是在偏离真正的学习。

肯定。

1.让步。也有很多好处。

2.大学之前高科技的普及，坏处大于好处。

102 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.

大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。

103 The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.

带着炙热的兴趣，最好的主意往往来自平凡的事情。

肯定。

1.哈定公共地悲剧，1968科学杂志，Hadin Commons

2.牛顿，万有引力定律

3.Catfish Effect

4.杨丽萍，云南，孔雀之乡，基于对孔雀的观察，独创了一套舞姿，孔雀舞，享誉世界。

104 To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.

想成为一名有效力的领导则，政府官员必须坚守最高的伦理和道德标准。

肯定。

1.诚然，领导力和道德无关。

2.但领导资格的保有，要来源于人民的监督。需要保有道德标准。

3.商业。无关。比尔盖茨，道德很高，最大的慈善家philanthropist。乔治皮博迪George

Peabody，财富巨大，摩根帝国Morgan Empire的创始人，“无度的行善”。

105 Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.

Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.

结论：相比经验，想象力是更重要的财富。

原因：缺乏经验的人更容易放飞想象，而不受既定的习惯和态度所禁锢。

同意。想象力是各个领域发展的先决条件。

1.科幻小说带动科技发展，法国作家儒勒凡尔纳Jules Gabriel Verne 《环绕月球》，在欧洲

兴起了一股探索太空奔向月球的热潮，成立了科研小组，最后终成现实。

2.莱特兄弟发明飞机

3.爱因斯坦，相对论，都没有先前的经验。Mendeleev门捷列夫，元素周期律，periodic law

of elements元素周期律

4.文学艺术的发展，如果没有想象力，将是一片荒漠a desert。

综上，想象力是先于经验，因此想象力更重要。

106 In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.

在任何职业或学术领域，想象力比知识重要。

107 To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.

想成为一名有效力的领导者，政府官员必须坚守最高的伦理和道德标准。

108 Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.

批判性的判断在任何领域当中都是没什么用处的，除非判断来自于该领域专家。

否定。

1.政治。

2.商业。

3.科学，非欧几何。鲍耶·雅诺Bolyai，parallel postulate cannot be proved and created

non-Euclidean geometry, a new field of geometry.

109 Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.

有些人认为，科学发现让人们更清楚地认识周围的世界。也有人认为，科学展现给人们一个比我们想象的复杂的多的世界。

110 Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.

批判性的判断在任何领域当中都是没什么用处的，除非判断来自于该领域专家。

111 In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step

down after five years.

如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。

112 Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated.

让每个大学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科，是接受真正的教育的最佳途径。

113 Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.

Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.

结论：一个国家的伟大不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。

原因：一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上。

114 Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.

若是短期地、轻易地被民众的意见所左右，任何领导必定一事无成。

中立。既不能轻易的被民众意见所左右，也要听取民众意见。

1.不能轻易的被民众意见左右，因为有时候民众意见带有片面性unilateral和不合理性

unreasonable。华盛顿Washington拒绝当国王，拒绝连任第三届；林肯Lincoln拒绝清算南方战犯，主张温和派，和当时国会的意见明显对立。

2.Gorbachev戈尔巴乔夫，顺从民意，结束了独裁统治autocracy，成为上世纪最伟大的政

治领导人之一。Gaddafi拒绝顺从民意，杀害民主人士，镇压民主势力，最终被推翻统治，成为历时的罪人。

依靠领导人的远见卓识，什么情况下顺从，什么情况不。

115 Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve.

政府官员应该依靠自己的判断做决定，而不是不假思索地遵从大众的意愿。

116 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.

在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。

117 It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are generated and preserved.

一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以传承和发展。

118 We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.

相比意见不同的人来说，我们从意见相同的人那里学的更多。

119 When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.

当现代规划者认为历史建筑物所在地可以用作现代开发时，相比历史建筑的保护，现代开发

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GREissue写作之自己总结的万能例子

G R E i s s u e写作之自己 总结的万能例子 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）

Renaissance For example, the helpless fate can be felt from the tragedy works, written by Shakespeare. Mona Lisa, created by Beethoven, revealed the mysterious and implicit smile. Although works completed by different artists and writers revealed slight variations in the access, performing form, and social aspect focusing on, as far as common theme and hidden ideas were concerned, the obvious similries to each other seemed much more than any of the minute differences, namely, resisting the feudalization and corrupt institution and enlightening freedom of human being. This is called “Renaissance” in the history. Genetic engineering 迄今为止，基因工程还没有用于人体，但已在从细菌到家畜的几乎所 有非人生命物体上做了实验，并取得了成功。事实上，所有用于治疗 糖尿病的胰岛素都来自一种细菌，其ＤＮＡ中被插入人类可产生胰岛 素的基因，细菌便可自行复制胰岛素。基因工程技术使得许多植物具 有了抗病虫害和抗除草剂的能力；在美国，大约有一半的大豆和四分 之一的玉米都是转基因的。目前，是否该在农业中采用转基因动植物 已成为人们争论的焦点：支持者认为，转基因的农产品更容易生长， 也含有更多的营养（甚至药物），有助于减缓世界范围内的饥荒和疾

英语考试作文-GRE写作Issue部分精品素材分享之美德与情感

英语考试作文 GRE写作Issue部分精品素材分享之美德与 情感 想要在GRE作文部分的考试中写出优秀的文章，论据素材是重要的一环。好的论据不仅能帮助你支撑观点，加强说服力，还能体现出考生在阅读量上的积累和深厚扎实的语言功底基础。特别是ISSUE作文，更是需要大量好素材作为储备，才能保证考生无论遭遇那种题目，都能游刃有余地完成一篇高分作文的写作。为大家整理了GRE ISSUE作文各类题目的精品优质素材，一起来看吧。 康德观点：脾性与美好情感 Kant asserted that the human temperaments or dispositions are fixed and separate characters. An individual who has one frame of mind has no feeling or sense for the finer feelings that occur in a person of another temperament. A person who has a constitution that is melancholic will have a predominating feeling for the sublime. That person may possess genuine virtue based on the principle that humanity

has beauty and worth. 康德观点：同情与真正的美德 Sympathy or compassion and also good-natured agreeableness are not true virtues, according to Kant. True virtue is the quality of raising the feeling of humanity’s beauty and dignity to a principle. When a person acts in accordance with this principle, regardless of inclination, that person is truly and sublimely virtuous. “A profound feeling for the beauty and dignity of human nature and a firmness and determination of the mind to refer all one’s actions to this as to a universal ground is earnest, and does not at all join with a changeable gaiety nor with the inconstancy of a frivolous person.”With this observation, Kant will attempt to fit the various feelings of the beautiful and sublime, and the resulting moral characters, into Galen’s rigid arrangement of the four humors or human temperaments: melancholic, sanguine, choleric, and phlegmatic. 艺术改善了我们的生活 Art is a deliberate recreation of a new and special

GRE-issue写作之自己总结的万能例子

Renaissance For example, the helpless fate can be felt from the tragedy works, written by Shakespeare. Mona Lisa, created by Beethoven, revealed the mysterious and implicit smile. Although works completed by different artists and writers revealed slight variations in the access, performing form, and social aspect focusing on, as far as common theme and hidden ideas were concerned, the obvious similries to each other seemed much more than any of the minute differences, namely, resisting the feudalization and corrupt institution and enlightening freedom of human being. This is called “Renaissance” in the history. Genetic engineering 迄今为止，基因工程还没有用于人体，但已在从细菌到家畜的几乎所有非人生命物体上做了实验，并取得了成功。事实上，所有用于治疗糖尿病的胰岛素都来自一种细菌，其ＤＮＡ中被插入人类可产生胰岛素的基因，细菌便可自行复制胰岛素。基因工程技术使得许多植物具有了抗病虫害和抗除草剂的能力；在美国，大约有一半的大豆和四分之一的玉米都是转基因的。目前，是否该在农业中采用转基因动植物已成为人们争论的焦点：支持者认为，转基因的农产品更容易生长，也含有更多的营养（甚至药物），有助于减缓世界范围内的饥荒和疾病；而反对者则认为，在农产品中引入新的基因会产生副作用，尤其是会破坏环境。 诚然，仍有许多基因的功能及其协同工作的方式不为人类所知，但想到利用基因工程可使番茄具有抗癌作用、使鲑鱼长得比自然界中的大几倍、使宠物不再会引起过敏，许多人便希望也可以对人类基因做类似的修改。毕竟，胚胎遗传病筛查、基因修复和基因工程等技术不仅可用于治疗疾病，也为改变诸如眼睛的颜色、智力等其他人类特性提供了可能。比如，运用此技术，可使患儿的父母生一个和患儿骨髓匹配的孩子，然后再通过骨髓移植来治愈患儿。 So far, genetic engineering has not been used in human, but it has achieved successful experiment in almost all the objects on non-human life--from bacteria to livestock already. In fact, all the insulin treatment for diabetes come from a kind of bacteria which can be inserted into a human genes to make copies of insulin by bacteria oneself. Genetic engineering technology makes many plants have the disease-resistant ability and herbicide, In the USA, about half of soybean and a quarter of corn is genetically modified. At present, whether the transgenic plants used in agriculture has become the focus of debate, transgenic supporters think: the agricultural is faster to growth, and easier to contain more nutrition (even medicine), to help slow down worldwide famine and disease, But opponents argued, introducing new genes into agricultural will occur side effects, especially destroy the environment. Advantage: Admittedly, ethicist rejected the innovative development of genetic engineering because,

新GRE作文_issue模板

1.保证：assurance/guarantee 一.作文重点题目 社会与自然： Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities. 社会应该努力拯救濒危物种，只要这些物种的灭绝是人类活动的结果。 The speaker claims that society should make efforts to save endangered species only caused by human activities. I agree with the speaker insofar as saving endangered species is the responsibility of human beings. After all, human beings are the ruler of nature. But, in my perspective, merely focusing on saving those endangered species only caused by human activities is unilateral. 1.The variety of plant and animal is important to practical utilization. 1)Discovering the order of evolution; 2)Valuable gene pool and raw material drug: traditional Chinese medicine. 3)Technological imitation from the specious: sonar as a result of imitating dolphin. 2.Human should do so even from a moral position. 1)Plant and animal is the most important components of nature. When all ...die out, the day will come soon. 2)Human beings as the ruler of nature should take the responsibility to help other species. Let alone those endangered species because of human activities. 3)Men have the responsibility to rescue: pollution, environments destroy, catching and killing excessively causing the plant and animal to die out much faster. For example: tiger and whale; 3.However, some kinds of 1)"Survival of fittest": some animals do have their lethal shortages and would decline even without humans, saving those species which are biological elimination is against the nature and of no help. 2)When we save a kind of animal, we may do harm to another kind. Thus the proper way is that human should try their best to keep the balance of nature as it is rather than change the nature as humans' purpose. Human and Nature should perform their own functions respectively. 3)Instead of saving, the restrictions on human ourselves are more important: pollution, environmental destroy, catching and killing excessively. 4)The extinction of species is the warning of the deterioration of the environment which would early or late threaten human beings. Conclusion: No matter from the position of practical utilization or morality, human both should ... However, it should be noticed that... Therefore, we should find out the real reason of dying out. Furthermore, we should pay more a...to

题库所有Issue题目的GRE写作提纲(四)

为了帮助同学们更好的复习GRE写作，小编为同学们编辑整理了一套题库所有Issue题目的GRE写作提纲，供同学们学习使用，希望能为大家备考GRE写作提供帮助。 第四类科技 7. "The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records." 摄像机可以通过如此精确而有力的记录手段来再现当代生活，因此它已经代替书面记录成为了一种更重要的记录手段。 Although I agree that a video provides a more objective and accurate record of an event’s spatial aspects, there is far more to document in life than what we see and hear. Thus the speaker overstates the comparative significance of video as a documentary tool. 1. For the purpose of documenting temporal, spatial events and experiences, I agree that a video record is usually more accurate and more convincing than a written record. 2. Nonetheless, for certain other purposes written records are more advantageous and more appropriate than video records. 3. Finally, a video record is of not use in documenting statistical or quantitative information. 记录手段：现代摄像机和印刷术 ------------------------------ 30. "The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time." 技术进步的首要目标应该是提高人们的效率以便于每个人都享有更多的闲暇时光。 Disagree: 1. The chief reason for my disagreement lies in the empirical proof: with technological advancement comes diminished leisure time.

GRE写作issue模板

P八 143. No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field. 赞成 humanities history + literature or language studies+ philosophy Plato Symposium ancient Greek or reliable English translation; historical background: the ancient Greek encourages homosexual behaviors The Republic historical background: a period when democracy and slavery coexisted natural sciences +你的专业 social sciences economics is based on math, business, psychology, and statistics. Engineering Three Gorges Dam Ecology; Civil engineering; specialists on hydroelectricity; archaeologists or historians: submerge

historical sites; economists 反对 Math + 你的专业 开头 1.点出原文观点 The speaker claims that+变动陈述原文观点。 2.体现文章展开脉络 （1）分情况讨论 随着我们考察不同的学科，无论是人文科学、社会科学还是工程学，我们都发现他们的进步需要来自外界的知识和经验。 With+名词 As+句子 As we examine different disciplines, no matter humanities, social sciences, or engineering, we all find that their academic advancement relies on knowledge outside that field. （2）正反面展开 正面：人文工程学 反面：数学

★新GRE Issue写作六大要求分析

新GRE Issue写作六大要求分析 （源自夏鹏老师新G写作PPT，具体事例详见PPT） 1.Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how 2.Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.

3.Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.

GRE作文题库所有244道Issue题目的写作提纲

GRE写作Issue问题题库分析与提纲 第一类社会 2. "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society." 归根结底，竞争对于社会是利多弊少。 Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society. 1.Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society. 2.In democratic countries, when parties and candidates compete for power, the public benefits. 3.Admittedly, when competition gets out of the control of mores and laws, society will suffer. 竞争对于社会的优点和缺点 ------------------------------ 3. "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期 性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。 Humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets. 1.Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solving problems that immediately confront them. 2.However, what differentiates human beings from other animals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of their descendents. 3.Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generations, each generation should make its own contribution for the well-being of future generations. 当务之急和百年大计的关系 ------------------------------ 9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use." 近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。除非学者们能拥有影响到大范围的人群，否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处。 The speaker oversimplifies the issue of academic influence on society. 1.It is true that academic disciplines have become so specialized nowadays that some scholar’s seemingly idiosyncratic ideas only reach a narrow audience. 2.It is also true that social scientists’ failing to reach the large public makes it impossible for their ideas to contribute to society. 3.Nevertheless, scholars in certain realms are doomed to live in an isolated and purely academic world, which does not necessarily mean that their ideas will have little use. 过分专业化问题overspecialization ------------------------------ 15. "The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior." 一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们极端行为所作出的反应。It is true that how a society copes with the extremes of human behavior largely determines the society’s stability. 1.The extremes of human behavior--such as violence or strikes--usually dictate grave social troubles. 2.One solution to these social problems is suppressing, which proves effective in the short run and counterproductive in the long run. 3.The most effective way of responding to such problems is constructive communication and sometimes compromise. 抽象型题目 ------------------------------ 16. "Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals." 尽管许多人认为现代生活的奢华和便利是丝毫没有坏处的，但是这实际上让人们无法成为真正强大和独立的个体。 Agree 1.Consider first the effect of the automobile on our independence as individuals. In some respects the automobile serves to enhance such independence. 2.However, we have become slaves to the automobile. 3.Consider next the overall impact of the automobile on our strength as individuals, by which I mean strength of character, or mettle. 4.In contrast, there is a certain strength of character that comes with eschewing modern conveniences such as cars, and with the knowledge that one is contributing to a cleaner and quieter environment, a safer neighborhood, and arguably a more genteel society. 社会和个人之发展问题 ------------------------------ 17. "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws." 有两种法律：公正的和不公正的。每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更应该不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。 Disagree: 1.First, whether a law is just or unjust is rarely a straightforward issue. The fairness of any law depends on one’s personal value system. 2.The fairness of a law also depends on one’s personal interest, or stake, in the legal issue at hand. 3.Disobeying unjust laws often has the opposite effect of what was intended or hoped for. 4.By justifying a violation of one sort of law we find ourselves on a slippery slope toward sanctioning all types of illegal behavior, including egregious criminal conduct. 社会和个人之法律公正么？ ------------------------------ 19. "If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens." 如果一个社会要繁荣就必须将社会整体的成败置于单个社会 成员的幸福之上。 Disagree 1.The society is made up of individual citizens; therefore, the development of individual citizens is crucial for the development of the whole society. 2. A society that ignores the well being of individual citizens is bound to end up in social turmoil or revolution. 少数和多数之成功 ------------------------------ 20. "National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults." 任何一个国家的政府都应该为孩子而不是为成人建设更多的 社会项目和服务。 1.No one would deny the fact that it is in the young generation that lies the future of our society. 2.Therefore, we should attach enough importance to the development of children.