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Certificate in International Trade and Finance (CITF) Specimen Paper 2 Hours

This question paper consists of two sections:

Section A: 90 stand alone multiple choice questions worth one mark each.

Section B: 2 case studies each with 5 related multiple choice questions. Each

question is worth one mark.

Basic silent desktop calculators with + - x / % and memory functions are allowed. Scientific, programmable or calculators with any additional functions are NOT allowed.

UCP600 applies throughout.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Answer ALL questions.

2. Read the instructions on both sides of the answer sheet carefully.

3. Do NOT open this exam paper until instructed to do so.

4. Answer all questions on the answer sheet provided. You may write on the question

paper.

5. Before you leave the examination room you must hand in your answer sheet and the

question paper and have them checked by the invigilator. Failure to do so will

invalidate your entry.

A qualification assessed and awarded by the ifs School of Finance, a registered charity incorporated by Royal Charter.

Section A

1. The World Trade Organisation is primarily concerned with:

A international contract law.

B providing international trade finance.

C reduction of tariff barriers.

D regulating international payments.

2. Due to exchange control regulations, an importer is unable to obtain currency to pay an

exporter. This is an example of:

A credit risk.

B foreign exchange risk.

C product liability risk.

D sovereign government risk.

3. Under the terms of the CISG, which of the following contracts would be invalid?

A The contract is given orally.

B The contract is unsigned.

C There is no firm indication of acceptance from the offeree.

D When the offer is revoked by the seller, after receiving acceptance from the offeree.

4. Which of the following statements does not describe Incoterms? They:

A are incorporated into international law.

B can be binding on buyer and seller.

C can be described as terms of delivery.

D can be described as terms of shipment.

5. Which of the following is a document of title?

A Air waybill.

B Bill of lading.

C Commercial invoice.

D Consular invoice.

6. Which of the following is true of both collections and letters of credit? They both:

A enable the seller to increase the price of the goods after sale.

B give assurance that the goods will be safe during shipment.

C guarantee payment in advance.

D provide a basis for exchanging documents for payment.

7. A collection is known to the exporter's bank as:

A a documentary sight bill.

B a letter of credit.

C an electronic presentation.

D an outward bill for collection.

8. An importer wishes to have sufficient time to sell goods, before making payment, whilst the

exporter wishes to retain some control over the goods. Which method of payment would be

preferable to the importer?

A Documentary collection payable at sight.

B Documentary collection payable 60 days sight.

C Documentary credit payable 60 days from shipment.

D 50% payment in advance and the balance paid 60 days after shipment.

9. The least secure method of payment for an importer is:

A documentary collection.

B documentary credit.

C open account.

D payment in advance.

10. Which of the following types of letter of credit is used as a guarantee of contractual

undertakings?

A Back-to-back.

B Revolving.

C Standby.

D Transferable.

11. Import barriers:

A ensure domestic industries are more efficient.

B ensure that officials controlling the system are not corrupt.

C make imported goods cheaper in the importing country.

D make imported goods expensive for domestic consumers.

12. Excess or catastrophe policies for exporters will typically cover what percentage of loss over and

above an agreed excess?

A 75%.

B 80%.

C 90%.

D 100%.

13. The contract terms are 'FCA Gatwick Airport'. Which of the following transport documents would

be acceptable to an importer?

A Air waybill, marked 'freight paid'.

B Air waybill, marked 'freight unpaid'.

C Bill of lading marked 'freight paid'.

D Bill of lading marked 'freight payable at destination'.

14. Which of the following is a document supplied by an exporter as a quotation to a potential

buyer?

A Certificate of origin.

B Pro-forma invoice.

C Status enquiry.

D Tender bond.

15. A letter of credit is issued on behalf of the:

A exporter.

B importer.

C shipping company.

D warehousing agent.

16. A collection will be treated by the collecting bank as:

A a documentary sight bill.

B a letter of credit.

C an electronic presentation.

D an inward bill for collection.

17. Which of the following is a common concept which outlines the levels of risk in international

trade transactions? A risk:

A assessment.

B hierarchy.

C ladder.

D statement.

18. A standby letter of credit:

A can be cancelled at the sole request of the importer.

B can be cancelled at the sole request of the issuing bank.

C cannot be cancelled until a claim has been made against it.

D cannot be cancelled without consent by all parties.

19. Which of the following is a provider of credit insurance?

A Atradius.

B ICC.

C CIA.

D Moody's.

20. COFACE is a government organisation that specialises in:

A export insurance.

B import logistics.

C money laundering detection.

D trade legislation.

21. A pro-forma invoice received by a seller is:

A a contractual offer.

B a valid contract.

C an acceptance.

D an invitation to tender.

22. Which of the following is not a recognised method of managing foreign exchange exposure?

Using:

A forward contracts.

B futures.

C options.

D premiums.

23. Under 'FCA Southampton Container Depot' terms, which of the following most accurately

describes the responsibilities of the importer? Make arrangements at own cost and risk to cover the transport of goods from:

A Southampton Container Depot to own premises.

B Southampton Container Depot to own premises and arrange insurance.

C Southampton Container Depot to own premises, covering the costs of insurance, any

import licences and customs duties.

D Southampton Container Depot to own premises, covering the costs of insurance and

customs duties.

24. Under which of the following circumstances will a term bill of exchange normally be paid?

A At sight.

B On acceptance.

C On acceptance, after the stipulated time period.

D On arrival of the documents at the importer’s bank.

25. Which of the following is true in respect of the advising, nominated and confirming bank in a

letter of credit?

A One bank may assume all three roles and responsibilities.

B The applicant must bank with all three institutions.

C The beneficiary must agree which banks are used.

D The rules state that three separate banks must be used.

26. A bill of exchange, presented under a collection, has been accepted. What should the collecting

bank do after advising the remitting bank?

A Forward the bill to the exporter.

B Hold the bill until the due date for payment.

C Return the bill to the importer.

D Send the bill to the exchange control authorities.

27. Which of the following statements is true? With an option contract there is:

A an expiry date.

B an underlying loan.

C no agreed price.

D no premium.

28. Which of the following would not require a bank facility for the importer?

A Avalisation of a bill of exchange.

B Documentary collection.

C Documentary credit.

D Duty deferment guarantee.

29. ISP 98 states that in the event of dishonour, timely notice must be given. This means that more

than:

A 24 hours is unreasonable.

B 48 hours is unreasonable.

C 3 days is unreasonable.

D 7 days is unreasonable.

30. Which combination of risks mainly exist for an exporter when selling to a country that has a

volatile inflation rate?

A Economic and cultural.

B Environmental and economic.

C Exchange and political.

D Political and legal.

31. In an option contract, the agreed rate is known as the:

A conversion rate.

B exchange rate.

C option price.

D strike price.

32. The impact of multilateral or bilateral agreements on trading countries is which type of

environmental factor?

A Economic.

B Legal.

C Political.

D Social.

33. Where a business has regular flows, both in and out, of the same currency, which of the

following products would be most suited to managing the exchange risk?

A Currency account.

B Currency option.

C Forward contract.

D Futures contract.

34. Country A imposes economic sanctions against Country B when it carries out unauthorised

nuclear testing. Your company which is based in Country A trades regularly with Country B.

This represents:

A environmental risk.

B legal risk.

C political risk.

D technological risk.

35. Under the terms of a contract an exporter must cover the costs of export licence and customs

duties. Arrangements for loading the goods on the ship, costs of carriage and freight are for the importer. Which of the following Incoterms will apply?

A CFR.

B EXW.

C FAS.

D FOB.

36. An accepted bill of exchange is held by the bank. What course of action is always appropriate

for the bank to take?

A Discount the bill if payment is refused at maturity.

B Negotiate the bill if payment is refused at maturity.

C Present the bill promptly for payment at maturity.

D Protest the bill if payment is refused at maturity.

37. Which of the following must take place for the beneficiary to be assured of payment under a

letter of credit?

A All documents submitted must comply with the credit.

B The beneficiary must have opened an account with the issuing bank.

C The goods must be of an acceptable quality.

D The importer must have the money in its bank account.

38. Where a collecting bank agrees to take delivery of goods before receipt of the documents under

a collection, the importer will have to provide which of the following to gain access to the goods?

A Bill of exchange.

B Indemnity.

C Promissory note.

D Trust receipt.

39. A major exporter is embarking on its first transaction with an unknown buyer. On which terms is

the exporter most likely to insist?

A Documentary collection.

B Documentary credit.

C Open account.

D Payment in advance.

40. A bill of exchange drawn on a bank under a letter of credit is called:

A a payment credit.

B an acceptance credit.

C an export credit.

D an import credit.

41. A standby letter of credit would usually call for a certificate issued by the beneficiary, stating

that the:

A goods have been insured.

B goods have been shipped.

C payment has been received.

D payment has not been received.

42. When using hard currencies, 'spot' transactions are generally settled by the bank within how

many business days?

A One.

B Two.

C Four.

D Five.

43. Under 'FOB Liverpool' terms, which of the following most accurately describes the

responsibility of the exporter? The exporter:

A is responsible for all documentation up to the point when the goods pass over the ship’s

rail at the port of unloading.

B is responsible for all documentation up to the point when the goods pass over the ship’s

rail at the port of loading.

C is responsible for all documentation up to the point when the goods pass over the ship’s

rail at the port of loading and insurance for the voyage.

D must complete all customs requirements in Liverpool and at the port of unloading, supply

a commercial invoice and a clean bill of lading.

44. Which of the following is not a commercial document?

A A bill of lading.

B A packing list.

C A promissory note.

D An invoice.

45. Documents which are presented under a letter of credit but do not conform to the terms are

known as:

A discrepant.

B invalid.

C unconfirmed.

D uncredited.

46. A bank receives instructions to deliver documents against payment. Which of the following terms

describes this type of transaction?

A A collection.

B A letter of credit.

C A line of credit.

D Counter-trade.

47. A without recourse invoice finance facility is one where the main risk for the discounter is:

A credit risk.

B non-acceptance risk.

C non-performance risk.

D transit risk.

48. A standby letter of credit would be issued to a beneficiary who would normally be a:

A bank.

B creditor.

C debtor.

D shipping agent.

49. Which of the following products is best to use to 'hedge' exchange rate risk?

A Credit insurance.

B Documentary credit.

C Forward contract.

D Negotiation.

50. Which of the following accurately reflects the characteristics of a bill of exchange?

A A conditional order in writing.

B A conditional order in writing for a sum certain in money.

C An unconditional order in writing for a sum certain in money.

D An unconditional order in writing payable in the future.

51. Which of the following is a social factor which might impact on international trade?

A Cultural differences.

B Differences in safety standards.

C Exchange rate fluctuations.

D Policies on climate change.

52. Unless otherwise stated in the letter of credit, beneficiaries should normally present documents

under a letter of credit within how many days of shipment?

A 21.

B 45.

C 60.

D 90.

53. An advantage for an exporter when utilising a factoring facility is that the:

A exporter will always perform its own credit control.

B exporter will save time and cost through use of the factor's credit control systems.

C factor company can deal with queries relating to the underlying goods.

D factor company will be prepared to take only the less creditworthy business.

54. The purpose of a pre-shipment inspection certificate is to:

A accompany the bill of lading.

B accompany the insurance certificate.

C reduce the risk of fraud.

D send in advance to the buyer.

55. In a documentary collection, the drawee is usually the:

A collecting bank.

B exporter.

C importer.

D remitting bank.

56. Under ISP 98, a standby letter of credit must be:

A discountable.

B forfaitable.

C irrevocable.

D negotiable.

57. The difference between the buying and selling rates, for foreign currencies, quoted by a bank is

known as the:

A gain.

B pip.

C premium.

D spread.

58. Under 'CFR' terms, which of the following is always the responsibility of the importer?

A Insurance from the point the goods pass over the ship’s rail on loading.

B Insurance from the point the goods pass over the ship’s rail on loading and seller’s

contingency insurance.

C Seller’s contingency insurance.

D Unloading costs.

59. Which of the following is an advantage of using a type of bill of lading that is quasi-negotiable?

A The goods cannot be collected by a third party.

B The holder can obtain finance.

C The holder can pass on a good title to the goods.

D The holder can pass on a good title to the goods if they themselves have a good title.

60. The origin of the funds has been obscured and funds invested in legitimate assets. In money

laundering, this process is known as:

A integration.

B layering.

C origination.

D placement.

61. The level of inflation between two countries is which type of environmental factor?

A Economic.

B Legal.

C Political.

D Social.

62. The Incoterms CFR stand for:

A carriage and freight.

B carriage to frontier.

C cost and freight.

D cost to frontier.

63. What is the significance of a 'dirty' bill of lading?

A The carrier is likely to be unsuitable.

B The goods are likely to be damaged.

C The goods have been seized by customs as unfit for consumers.

D The title to the goods covered by the bill of lading is impaired.

64. Which of following types of letter of credit would be the most appropriate for a contract which

involves numerous and regular shipments?

A Back-to-back.

B Revolving.

C Standby.

D Transferable.

65. In a documentary collection, the principal is usually the:

A collecting bank.

B exporter.

C importer.

D remitting bank.

66. When insurance is provided on an invoice finance facility, the facility is said to be:

A with acceptance.

B with recourse.

C without acceptance.

D without recourse.

67. A standby letter of credit cannot be amended or cancelled by the issuer without consent from

the person against whom the amendment or cancellation is asserted Which term or phrase under ISP 98 does this describe?

A Creating amendments.

B Enforceability.

C Giving undertakings.

D Irrevocability.

68. A cheque made out to Cola company is stolen by an employee, who pays it into their own bank

account. The employee's bank is guilty of:

A conversion.

B fraud.

C laundering.

D negotiation.

69. In a negotiation, an offer which is accepted subject to a number of conditions represents which

of the following?

A Acceptance.

B Counter-offer.

C Partial-offer.

D Tentative-acceptance.

70. A missing original bill of lading, which is part of a documentary collection, puts the importer at

risk because:

A the holder of the missing bill may present it to the shipper and collect the goods.

B the shipper will not release the goods until the missing bill is found and demurrage

charges will apply.

C their bank will automatically charge for the cost of the goods and an indemnity.

D they will have to pay for the goods without being able to collect them.

71. A major importer is negotiating with a new and unknown supplier overseas. On which terms is

the importer most likely to insist?

A Documentary collection.

B Documentary credit.

C Open account.

D Payment in advance.

72. A letter of credit can provide a finance opportunity for:

A exporters only.

B importers only.

C neither importers nor exporters.

D both importers and exporters.

73. Normally, in international trade, compared with domestic transactions, which of the following

risks will be the greater?

A Buyer risk.

B Financial risk.

C Supplier risk.

D Transport risk.

74. A demand bond, which has not been issued under URDG 758, will:

A automatically be subject to URDG 758.

B be automatically subject to ISP 98.

C be subject to the local laws and practices in the issuing country.

D not be valid.

75. LIFFE is which of the following?

A A credit reference agency.

B A futures and options exchange.

C A model for assessing the external environment.

D An insurance company.

76. CMR documents come in sets of three. Who should receive each of the three parts?

A Exporter, importer and customs.

B Exporter, importer and insurer.

C Haulier, exporter and customs.

D Haulier, exporter and importer.

77. Which of the following parties is not authorised under UCP 600 to confirm a credit?

A The advising bank.

B The beneficiary's bank.

C The issuing bank.

D The nominated bank.

78. A bill of exchange can provide a finance opportunity for:

A exporters only.

B importers only.

C both importers and exporters.

D neither importers nor exporters.

79. Which of the following provides an accurate summary of the information that should appear on

a bill of lading using sea and road on 'CFR' terms? The name of the inland port of collection:

A the export port, import port and the final inland port and the signature of the carrier and an

indication that freight has been prepaid.

B the final inland port, the signatures of all carriers used for transportation and an indication

that freight has been prepaid.

C the signature of the carrier and the export port.

D the signature of the carrier and the final inland port.

80. What is the typical maximum amount (percentage of the value) that a bank will advance to the

exporter in anticipation of the proceeds of a collection? Up to:

A 50%.

B 70%.

C 90%.

D 100%.

81. PESTEL is a commonly-used model for:

A analysing credit risk.

B assessing external factors.

C calculating exchange rates.

D making international payments.

82. A full set of clean on-board bills of lading will be required for which of the following Incoterms?

A Ex Works.

B FAS.

C FCA a named place.

D FOB.

83. Which of the following is true in relation to currency option contracts?

A A profit may be made if rates move favourably.

B There is no premium payable.

C They are only available in US$ and euros.

D They are only suitable for exporters.

84. Which of the following shipping documents is desirable under 'CFR' terms?

A Claused bill of lading marked freight payable.

B Claused bill of lading marked shipped on board.

C Clean bill of lading marked freight paid and shipped on board.

D Clean bill of lading marked shipped on board.

85. Company A contracts with Company B to build a bridge for Company B. Company B requires a

guarantee from O Bank. Under URDG 758, who is the guarantor?

A A third party.

B Company A.

C Company B.

D O Bank.

86. Which of the following is not a recognised role for a bank involved in a documentary credit

transaction?

A Advising bank.

B Confirming bank.

C Complying bank.

D Issuing bank.

87. The trade cycle is financed through:

A capital expenditure.

B equity.

C mezzanine finance.

D working capital.

88. Which of the following shipping documents would be the most appropriate under 'CFR Bilbao'

terms? Clean bill of lading marked:

A freight paid.

B shipped on board, freight paid.

C shipped on board, freight payable at destination.

D shipped on board, payable at Bilbao.

89. An exporter sells on open account terms to a European importer and the goods are transported

by sea. A sea waybill will be preferable to a bill of lading because:

A goods can be released to the consignee without production of the waybills.

B it is a document of title.

C it is negotiable.

D it provides greater security and assurance, to the exporter, for goods transported by sea.

90. Under a collection, an accepted term bill will be paid:

A on acceptance.

B on the specified date.

C when the goods are shipped.

D when the goods have arrived.

Section B

Case Study 1

TJ Company sells computer games worldwide and is regularly expanding sales. Competition in the marketplace means it is trading on documentary collection terms. It has insisted on sight payments until recently, but buyers are increasingly asking for longer credit terms.

TJ is concerned that it will lose control of the goods, and experiences delays in payment which they cannot afford to finance. Credit assessments will take up staff time and require more expertise.

TJ has also experienced a number of shortfall payments from buyers under Article 21 of URC 522. In addition, a recent new customer has complained that the goods arrived before the documents.

91. The shortfall in funds due to TJ was as a result of:

A charges of the collecting bank.

B instalment payments.

C interest charges.

D partial payment.

92. TJ is concerned about security of payment if a period of credit is allowed. Which of the following

instructions should be included on the collection schedule to allow for redress in the event of non-payment?

A Accept.

B Indemnify.

C Negotiate.

D Protest.

93. TJ wishes to discuss alternative sources of finance. Which of the following would be most

suitable?

A Factoring.

B Produce loan.

C Red clause credit.

D Term loan in foreign currency.

94. When goods arrive before documents, they will be retained by the carrier and incur:

A demurrage charges.

B indemnity fees.

C interest charges.

D noting charges.

95. To improve control over goods despatched overseas, TJ should:

A appoint an agent overseas.

B consign goods to the overseas bank used by the buyer.

C consign goods to the overseas correspondent of the seller's bank.

D send goods directly to the buyer.

Case Study 2

The government of Byland commissions a nuclear power plant. It wants to ensure that the contract is awarded to a company with undoubted financial capacity to undertake the contract.

The economy of Byland is currently experiencing inflation of 15% and this is expected to continue. Fusion Company, which eventually win the contract, is based in Europe.

96. Which of the following products would be the most suitable for the government of Byland

before the nuclear contract is awarded?

A Documentary letter of credit.

B Foreign exchange contract.

C Performance bond.

D Tender bond.

97. Which product would be the most appropriate for the government of Byland on completion of

the nuclear plant?

A Performance bond.

B Standby letter of credit.

C Supplier finance facility.

D Warranty bond.

98. Which of the following methods of finance would be the most appropriate for the funding of this

project?

A Acceptance credits.

B Counter purchase.

C Eurobonds.

D Import loan.

99. What product would reduce the effect of inflation on Fusion Company's profitability?

A A fixed rate loan in the currency of Byland.

B A floating rate loan in the currency of Byland.

C A foreign exchange contract in euros.

D Payment in euros.

100. Fusion Company is anxious to protect itself against buyer default by the government of Byland.

Which of the following products would be most appropriate?

A A contract issued under CISG.

B An unconditional bond.

C Commercial insurance.

D Credit insurance.

Answers

Multiple-choice Syllabus Ref

1 C The Trade Environment

2 D Issues associated with international trade products

3 C Procedures involved in Trade Contracts

4 A Trade terms and Incoterms

5 B Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

6 D Nature of Doc Credits

7 D Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522

8 B Risks involved in the trading methods in international trade

9 D Short, medium and long term trade finance

10 C Bank guarantees

11 D The Trade Environment

12 D Issues associated with international trade products

13 B Trade terms and Incoterms

14 B Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

15 B Nature of Doc Credits

16 D Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522

17 C Risks involved in the trading methods in international trade

18 D Bank guarantees

19 A The Trade Environment

20 A Issues associated with international trade products

21 A Procedures involved in Trade Contracts

22 D Issues associated with international trade products

23 C Trade terms and Incoterms

24 C Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

25 A Nature of Doc Credits

26 B Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522

27 A Issues associated with international trade products

28 B Short, medium and long term trade finance

29 D Bank guarantees

30 C The Trade Environment

31 D Issues associated with international trade products

32 C The Trade Environment

33 A Issues associated with international trade products

34 C Procedures involved in Trade Contracts

35 C Trade terms and Incoterms

36 C Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

37 A Nature of Doc Credits

38 D Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522

39 D Risks involved in the trading methods in international trade

40 B Short, medium and long term trade finance

41 D Bank guarantees

42 B Issues associated with international trade products

43 B Trade terms and Incoterms

44 C Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

45 A Nature of Doc Credits

46 A Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522

47 A Short, medium and long term trade finance

48 B Bank guarantees

49 C Issues associated with international trade products

50 C Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

51 A The Trade Environment

52 A Nature of Doc Credits

53 B Short, medium and long term trade finance

54 C Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

55 C Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522

56 C Bank guarantees

57 D Issues associated with international trade products

58 A Trade terms and Incoterms

59 D Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

60 A Issues associated with international trade products

61 A The Trade Environment

62 C Trade terms and Incoterms

63 B Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

64 B Nature of Doc Credits

65 B Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522

66 D Short, medium and long term trade finance

67 D Bank guarantees

68 A Issues associated with international trade products

69 B The procedures involved in trade contracts

70 A Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

71 C Risks involved in the trading methods in international trade

72 D Short, medium and long term trade finance

73 D The Trade Environment

74 C Bank guarantees

75 B Issues associated with international trade products

76 D Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

77 C Nature of Doc Credits

78 C Short, medium and long term trade finance

79 A Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

80 C Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522

81 B The Trade Environment

82 D Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

83 A Issues associated with international trade products

84 C Trade terms and Incoterms

85 D Bank guarantees

86 C Nature of Doc Credits

87 D Short, medium and long term trade finance

88 B Trade terms and Incoterms

89 A Nature of financial, commercial and transport documents

90 B Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522 Case Study 1 Syllabus Ref

91 A Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522

92 D Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522

93 A Short, medium and long term trade finance

94 A The nature of documentary credits

95 A Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522 Case Study 2 Syllabus Ref

96 D Short, medium and long term trade finance

97 D Bank guarantees

98 C Short, medium and long term trade finance

99 D Short, medium and long term trade finance

100 D Short, medium and long term trade finance

康复医学考试题及答案

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工程测量题库答案

试题参考答案 一、填空题 (一)测量学基础知识(1-120题) 1.假定水准面 2.平均水准面 3.高程测量角度测量距离测量 4.两条互相垂直线的交点南北方向的纵轴东西方向的横轴 5.经度纬度 6.高差 7.100平方千米 8.大地测量学普通测量学摄影测量学工程测量学 9.6371 10.8848.13 11.首子午面二面 12.赤道平面 13.从整体到局部先控制后碎部 14.测绘和测设 15.真子午线方向磁子午线方向坐标纵轴方向 16.坐标纵轴线北端 17. 18.0°或360° 19.直线定向直线定线 20.相对 1 分数 21.尺子要拉平标杆要立直且定线要直对点投点和读数要准确 22.锐 23.磁北真北 24.180° 25.临时性标志永久性标志 26.水平 27.望远镜罗盘盒基座 28.303°20′ 29.圆水准器的检校十字丝环的检校水准管的检校 30.圆水准器轴平行于仪器竖轴十字丝横丝垂直与仪器竖轴水准管轴平行于仪器视准轴 31.后视距和与前视距和之差的大小 32. 33.圆水准器轴仪器竖轴望远镜视准轴水准管轴 34.传递高程本站前视读数下站后视读数

35.竖轴铅垂视线水平 36.零点切线 37.目标清晰 38. 39.A点 B点 40. 41.望远镜水准器基座 42.法线 43.望远镜微倾螺旋 44.水准路线长度测站数 45.物镜对光目镜对光 46.BM 47.双面尺变换仪器高 48.往返 49.偏大 50.尺垫 51.大致相等大致相等 52.小大 mm数 53.复诵划掉重记 54.校核与调整 55.3.628m 56.240.000m 57.0 100m 58.i角误差、地球曲率的影响、大气折光的影响以及望远镜对光调焦透镜运行的误差 59.+300m -300m 60.-0.32m -0.55m +0.23m 61.对中整平 62.视线水平线 63.260°00′24″ 64.视准轴水准管轴横轴竖轴 65.水平度盘水平使仪器竖轴铅直中心测站 66.横轴 67.居中 68.平行 90度 69.LL⊥VV CC⊥HH HH⊥VV 十字丝纵丝HH 光学对中器视准轴与竖轴重合 70.视线指标 90°或90°的整数倍 71.指标差

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