2015年北京第二外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题笔记

2015年北京第二外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题笔记

各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京第二外国语大学翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

二外国语大学翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

一。英语翻译基础（缩写的要求写全）

（一）短语翻译

C-E

1.红楼梦

2.寿桃

3.春卷

4.国有企业

5.国库券

6.国家外汇储蓄

7.综合国力

8.义务教育

9.温带大陆性气候

10.短篇小说

11.科幻片

12.污水处理

E-C

1.CBD

2.Gaza strip

3.anti-dunming measures

4.Hubble Space Telescope

5.activiated carbon

6.Blu-ray disc

7.HIV carrier

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd9810401.html,ernment procurement

(段落翻译)

E-C，两篇。

1.关键词：American colleges application, City Unicersity of New York, tuition free. 【反正就是讲的美国大学申请的，说到大学的受欢迎程度，而这个City University of New York 以前不怎么有人申请的学校这次却很多人申请，它的条件不好，缺这个缺那个（这个那个有俩词不认识= =），还没有宿舍。这所大学推出了一个什么什么吸引优秀学生的项目，1100多优秀学生能够享受免费教育，还能得到一笔7500美金的补助和一台笔记本电脑，然后今年申请early admission 的人数占了70%。】

2.关键词：E-waste, take back and recycle of old mobile phones, disposing of computers, moniters, printers, eliminating and limiting of chemicals. 【关于电子垃圾的处理，说这个问题已经越来越成为一个严重的环境问题了，还有什么欧盟表态，什么机构又要限制化学元素和有毒物质在原料中的使用，还说到一个lobby group 正在进行一个关于回收旧手机的campaign】

C-E，两篇。

1.原文：前辈的学者常常以学问的趣味启迪后生，因为他们实在是得到了学问的趣味，故不惜现身说法，诱导后辈，使他们在愉快的心情之下走进学说的大门。例如，梁任公先生（梁启超）就说过：“我是个主张趣味主义的人，倘若用化学划分‘梁启超’这件东西，把里头一种元素名叫‘趣味’的抽出来，只怕所剩下的仅有个零了。”任公先生注重趣味，学问甚是渊博，故能有他那样的成就。一个人在学问上果能感觉到趣味，有时真会像着了魔一般，真能废寝忘食，真能不知老之将至，苦苦钻研，锲而不止。在学问上焉能不有收获？

2.介绍西藏的。地热，太阳能，风能丰富，东部还有丰富的森林资源，西藏是中国五大草场之一，经济支柱是农业也畜牧业，还有大麦、豌豆、黄麻等等。。雪山冰川，蜿蜒的河流，广阔的草原，迷人的寺庙，有自己的宗教文化和文化习俗。旅游胜地有布达拉宫，大昭寺，扎什伦布寺，位于南部的吉堆吐蕃墓群。（翻得相当郁闷，特别是那些个寺啊，除了布达拉宫，一律拼音= =。）

二。翻译硕士英语

（一）语法词汇

30个单选，词汇和语法分布貌似比较均匀，没有前两年出现的改错和完形填空。难度偏易（虽然很多我也模棱两可= =。）

（二）阅读，两篇选择题10个，20分；两篇问答题，5个问题，20分。

1.讲得是BBC词典，朗文现代词典还有个什么词典（忘了）之间的比较，主要是针对文化方面的考虑问题。

2.目前想不起来。

3.目前想不起来。

4.关键词：American culture blindness。【美国人自认为自己的文化很了不起怎么怎么滴，然后导致了很多问题。】

（三）作文

话题作文：new digital technologies alters people's reading habit. why or why not should students be required to read lengthy textbooks and novels in the classes, you own opion.自己拟题目，400词。（话说我不是很理解这个题目，写得很泛，各种空洞= =。）

三。汉语写作与百科知识。

（一）百科知识，25个选择题，一题两空。一共50分。【居然又考到了马克思第一，谁第二的问题，万恶啊，我没查= =，其中很多关于政治的题目，马克思哲学和经济学都考到了，娘诶。内容不想一一回忆了，很杂。】

（二）应用文，40分。

某某高校组建了翻译学院，准备8月25号（貌似）召开成立大会。你们学校是他们的兄弟院校，要你作为你们高校翻译学院的负责人写一封祝贺信。450字左右。

（三）以“超越”为题，不少于800字的作文，文体不限。

百科知识与中文写作

一：选择题25*2'

1. 欧阳询颜真卿柳公权赵孟頫按时间顺序排列

2. 安溪铁观音产地省份

3. 汉朝主流书写字体哪两个

4. 限制价格会产生A物价上涨、B物价降低、C供大于求D过度需求

5. 中国人名解放军最高军衔

6. 出生于BC551-BC479年的是谁

7. 填诗词，桃花潭水深千尺不及汪伦送我情

8. 蹴鞠指的是那项运动

9. 顺天意者兼相爱..... 谁的话？

10. 子不语怪力乱神谁的话？

11. 质胜文则史，文胜质则史，文质彬彬，然后君子，谁的话？

12. 亚里士多德《形而上学》提出“四因说”，指的哪四因？

13. 恩格斯说它含着新世界观的天才萌芽的第一个文件，是指的马克思的哪个著

作？

14. 感官经验第一性是哪种哲学思想流派

15. 科学活动与重复性生产活动不同，前者具有探索性和__性

16. 英国唯物主义和现代实验科学的真正始祖是谁

17. 代表美国现代精神的民族哲学思潮是哪个主义

18. 20th哲学两大潮流是人文主义&__主义？

19. 大风央企的尘土中，每一粒尘土的运动个状况都是纯粹必然的，是体现了哪种哲学思想理论流派

20. 时间高于理论的认识是因为其具有A普遍性B绝对性C客观实在性D直接现实性

21. 以下哪个观点是荀子独有的仁者爱人顺天命为之天行有常得道多助

22. 破山中贼易，破心中贼难是明代哪位哲学家说的

23. 人的价值的最显著特点是

24. 兵者不祥之器是哪本名作中的思想

25. 《孙子兵法》中提到“五事”，指的哪五事

二：应用文40'：合理虚拟（不能出现真实姓名）毕业时的学业和能力情况向某公司负责人写封求职信。450字左右。

三：命题作文60'：以“遗产”为题。谈谈自己的思考与认识。不少于800字。翻译硕士英语

60个单选共15分，一个完型20题15分，四篇阅读共20个选择20分，一篇回答问题的阅读20分，一篇作文30分写对一段话的理解，大致讲了现代社会做人

的几个小原则，要求250-350字。

60道单选，单词不是很难，但是有很多拿不准，还有语法题，一共15分。第二项完形填空、；20个十五分，不难。阅读20个选择20分一篇问答题20分。作文250-350个字给出一段文字写自己的观点大概是说人要矜持不能骄傲。阅读一篇是关于太阳月亮对潮汐起落的影响，问答是美国金钱政治的。

英语翻译基础：词汇翻译，有论语营销人员CBD head-hunting company 雪碧self-serving ticket。两篇英翻汉1，interculture:low-context high-context 2,一篇关于美国总统选举的。汉翻英：中美关于气候问题的还有一个是关于工厂废水污染的。

北二外2011翻译硕士英语题源均来自NY Times完形填空原文

During the first many decades of this nation’s existence, the United States was a wide-open, dynamic country with a rapidly expanding economy. It was also a country that tolerated a large amount of cruelty and pain —poor people living in misery, workers suffering from exploitation.

Over the years, Americans decided they wanted a little more safety and security. This is what happens as nations grow wealthier; they use money to buy civilization. Occasionally, our ancestors found themselves in a sweet spot. They could pass legislation that brought security but without a cost to vitality. But adults know that this situation is rare. In the real world, there’s usually a trade-off. The unregulated market wants to direct capital to the productive and the young. Welfare policies usually direct resources to the vulnerable and the elderly. Most social welfare legislation, even

successful legislation, siphons money from the former to the latter.

Early in this health care reform process, many of us thought we were in that magical sweet spot. We could extend coverage to the uninsured but also improve the system overall to lower costs. That is, we thought it would be possible to reduce the suffering of the vulnerable while simultaneously squeezing money out of the wasteful system and freeing it up for more productive uses.

That’s what the management gurus call a win-win.

It hasn’t worked out that way. The bills before Congress would almost certainly ease the anxiety of the uninsured, those who watch with terror as their child or spouse grows ill, who face bankruptcy and ruin.

And the bills would probably do it without damaging the care the rest of us receive. In every place where reforms have been tried —from Massachusetts to Switzerland —people come to cherish their new benefits. The new plans become politically untouchable.

But, alas, there would be trade-offs. Instead of reducing costs, the bills in Congress would probably raise them. They would mean that more of the nation’s wealth would be siphoned off from productive uses and shifted into a still wasteful health care system.

The authors of these bills have tried to foster efficiencies. The Senate bill would initiate several interesting experiments designed to make the system more effective —giving doctors incentives to collaborate, rewarding hospitals that provide quality care

at lower cost. It’s possible that some of these experiments will bloom into potent systemic reforms.

But the general view among independent health care economists is that these changes will not fundamentally bend the cost curve. The system after reform will look as it does today, only bigger and more expensive.

As Jeffrey S. Flier, dean of the Harvard Medical School, wrote in The Wall Street Journal last week, “In discussions with dozens of health-care leaders and economists, I find near unanimity of opinion that, whatever its shape, the final legislation that will emerge from Congress will markedly accelerate national health-care spending rather than restrain it.”

Rather than pushing all of the new costs onto future generations, as past governments have done, the Democrats have admirably agreed to raise taxes. Over the next generation, the tax increases in the various bills could funnel trillions of dollars from the general economy into the medical system.

Moreover, the current estimates almost certainly understate the share of the nation’s wealth that will have to be shifted. In these bills, the present Congress pledges that future Congresses will impose painful measures to cut Medicare payments and impose efficiencies. Future Congresses rarely live up to these pledges. Somebody screams “Rationing!”and there is a bipartisan rush to kill even the most tepid cost-saving measure. After all, if the current Congress, with pride of authorship, couldn’t reduce costs, why should we expect that future Congresses will?

The bottom line is that we face a brutal choice.

Reform would make us a more decent society, but also a less vibrant one. It would ease the anxiety of millions at the cost of future growth. It would heal a wound in the social fabric while piling another expensive and untouchable promise on top of the many such promises we’ve already made. America would be a less youthful, ragged and unforgiving nation, and a more middle-aged, civilized and sedate one.

We all have to decide what we want at this moment in history, vitality or security. We can debate this or that provision, but where we come down will depend on that moral preference. Don’t get stupefied by technical details. This debate is about values.

阅读理解

Obama Loses a Round

Published: November 24, 2009

While the jury is still out on what President Obama’s China visit has achieved for the long term, the president has most decidedly lost the war of symbolism in his first close encounter with China.

In status-conscious China, symbolism and protocol play a role that is larger than life. U.S. diplomatic blunders could reinforce Beijing’s mindset that blatant information control works, and that a rising China can trump universal values of open, accountable government.

During Mr. Obama’s visit, the Chinese outmaneuvered the Americans in all public events, from the disastrous town hall meeting in Shanghai to the stunted press

conference in Beijing. In characteristic manner, the Chinese tried to shut out the public, while the U.S. unwittingly cooperated.

The final image of President Obama in China that circulated around the world is telling: A lone man walking up the steep slope of the Great Wall. The picture is in stark contrast to those of other U.S. presidents who had their photographs taken at the Great Wall surrounded by flag-waving children or admiring citizens. Maybe Mr. Obama wanted a quiet moment for himself before returning home. But a president’s first visit to the wall is a ritual that needs to be properly framed. Mr. Obama could have waited until the next visit, when he could bring the first lady and the children. Instead, he went ahead by himself to pay tribute to China’s ancient culture. In return, the Chinese offered nothing, no popular receptions, not even the companionship of a senior Chinese leader.

The trouble for the U.S. started at the town hall meeting two days earlier —a more scripted event than those organized with students for earlier U.S. presidents. There was no real dialogue, as a programmed audience, most of them Communist League Youth members, asked coached questions.

The Chinese also rejected the U.S. request for live national coverage and defaulted on a promise to live-stream the meeting at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd9810401.html,, the online version of China’s state-owned news agency. Mr. Obama scored a point when he managed to address the issue of Internet freedom after the U.S. ambassador, Jon Huntsman, fielded him the question from a Chinese netizen submitted online.

Meanwhile, Chinese officials garnered from the meeting generous quotes from Mr. Obama affirming China’s achievements and America’s expressions of good will, which were turned into glowing headlines for the Chinese media. In this round of the propaganda skirmish, the U.S. scored one point while China reaped a handful.

Mr. Obama was similarly shut out from addressing the public in Beijing. At the Beijing press conference, President Hu Jintao and President Obama read prepared statements and would not take questions from reporters. “This was an historic meeting between the two leaders, and journalists should have had the opportunity to ask questions, to probe beyond the statements,”protested Scott McDonald, the president of China’s Foreign Correspondents Club, but to no avail.

In a final dash to break through the information blockade, the Obama team offered an exclusive interview to Southern Weekend, China’s most feisty newspaper, based in Guangzhou. Once again, journalists’questions were programmed and the paper censored. In protest, the paper prominently displayed vast white spaces on the first and second page of the edition that carried the interview. Propaganda officials are investigating this act of defiance.

Only the Obama team knows for sure how they allowed themselves to be outmaneuvered. Unwittingly, the U.S. helped to produce a package of faux public events.

Pundits argued that the visitors were not supposed to impose the “American way”on China and that America needs to respect Chinese practices. The argument is both

patronizing and condescending. Increasingly, the Chinese public has been clamoring for greater official transparency and accountability, while the Chinese government has been making progress on these fronts. No one in his right mind would ask Mr. Obama to lecture Beijing on human rights. But the Chinese public deserves better accounting, no less than Americans citizens.

To their credit, U.S. officials did try to get their message out online. But it was the Chinese bloggers who were most active in challenging official information control. They at least fought the good fight with growing confidence, a fight the Americans seem unable to wage effectively.

Ying Chan is director of the Journalism and Media Studies Center at The University of Hong Kong.

英语翻译基础

1. 名词翻译

MDGS

Ban Ki-Moon

国务卿

雷曼兄弟

次贷危机

西部大开发战略

2. 英译汉（选自economist ）

A lot of things in China carry a whiff of excess. The cost of garlic is among them:

wholesale prices have almost quadrupled since March. A halving of the planting area last year, and belief in the bulb's powers to ward off swine flu, provide some justification for the surge. But anecdotes of unbridled trading activity in Jinxiang county, home to China's largest garlic plant, suggest that the most likely cause is the most obvious –the abundant liquidity swilling through the system. New loans in China may top Rmb10,000bn this year, double the run-rate of the preceding years; 2010 should bring another Rmb7-8,000bn.

In the week that Dominique Strauss-Kahn, head of the International Monetary Fund, said asset bubbles were a cost worth paying for reviving growth through loose monetary policy, China needs to distinguish between good ones and bad ones. A bubble in garlic is small, financed by private speculators, and relatively harmless when it bursts. Bubbles in productive assets –roads, bridges, telecom lines –are also tolerable; capital has been put in place that can be exploited by somebody.

But bubbles in property –financed by banks, on non-productive assets –are doubly destructive. Zhang Xin, chief executive of Soho China, one of the country's most successful privately owned developers, believes that rampant wasteful investment in commercial property has already undermined China's long-term prospects. As for housing, which China began privatising just 11 years ago, prices rose at an annualised rate of 9 per cent between September and October –significantly higher than the ongoing 2.25 per cent one-year deposit rate and the 5.31 per cent one-year lending rate. What's more, this was the eighth successive month of

above-trend growth in the national house price index. So far, attempts to arrest price rises have been minor –restrictions on second home mortgages here, loan discounts in exchange for bigger down payments there. Two years ago another eight-month hot streak was enough for authorities to start cooling in earnest. They should start again now.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd9810401.html,

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd9810401.html,/group/565488/

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd9810401.html,/blog/caisijiaoyuxiaowei?act=dashboardclick_20130514_04 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd9810401.html,/f?ie=utf-8&kw=%E6%89%8D%E6%80%9D%E6%95%99%E 8%82%B2

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd9810401.html,/s/articlelist_2964380531_0_1.html

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd9810401.html,/usercp/index.php?op=bloglist

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd9810401.html,/main/news/list.action?_token=MayI2TwcMQSxVaA5nCIbGp1ucb Uktvj1TffjDgA8Ur8&pageNo=5&pageSize=10&type=0