搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 运用时间数轴理解英语时态

运用时间数轴理解英语时态

运用时间数轴理解英语时态
运用时间数轴理解英语时态

运用时间数轴理解英语时态(完美版)

几个基本概念

我们知道,英语动词时态是一个语法范畴,它是用来体现、描述动作发生时间的动词形式,。英语动词中有两“时”(Tense)、两“体”(Aspect)、两“态”(Voice)之说;两“时”即是指现在时(Present Tense)和过去时(Past Tense)。据此我们可以将英语语法中的八种基本时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般(现在)将来时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时分为两大类:现在时态和过去时态,每一类各包括四种具体的时态。现在时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、现在完成时

过去时态:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时

根据不同时态所体现的时间特点,我们可以借助数学中的数轴将不同的时间点或时间段形象化到一条特殊的数轴上,可以称它为:时间轴。就像数轴描点一样,我们也可以将时间轴分为三个区分点:过去(Past)、现在(Now)和将来(Future),而“Past”又可以细分为“Ago”(相对于“Now”的过去时间)和“Before”(相对于“Ago”的过去时间,即过去的过去)两个小的时间点,这样我们就可以对各种不同的时间点或时间段有了很形象、很直观的把握和了解,如下图所示:

图1的时间轴很

形象地表示出四

个不同的时间区

分点,正好与各

种不同时态所体现的时间相对应,而且每一种时态都可以用上述时间轴来描述或表示。现试举几例:

实例讲解

我们先看四种现在时态:

例一:一般现在时(Simple Present)

我们知道,一般现在时有以下几种常见的用法:

1)表示现在经常性的动作;

2)表示现在的情况或状态;

3)表示不受时限的客观事实或真理(实际上这些客观真理或事实都是人们以“现在”(Now)的观点或标准来做出评判的,它们仍然是人们在“现在”这个时间段里所理解、所认识的客观世界)。

这三种用法有一个共同点,即:它们的时间不涉及到过去(Past)和将来(Future),动作也不与进行体(Progressive Aspect)或完成体(Perfective Aspect)相关,只表示现在(Now)。那么在时间轴上如何理解它们?见下图:

从图2可以看出

一般现在时是以

“现在”(Now)

的时间为基点的,

我们用双线实心

箭头表示一般现

在时的动作特点:习惯性、现实性、客观性。

e.g.1)He often plays football on weekends.2)I am a teacher and he is a student.

3)The earth is bigger than the moon.

例二:一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)

下面我们再看一般将来时:它表示将要或计划要发生的事,它的基点时间也是“现在”(时间轴上的“Now”点),但它的动作实际发生的时间应该是“将来”(时间轴上的“Future”点)。由于它的动作相对于“现在”来说,还没有发生,在时间轴上我们就用虚线箭头来表示,如图:

e.g.

1.He will go to

Beijing next week.

2.I am going to be

a teacher(when I grow up).

例三:现在进行时(Present Progressive Aspect)

现在进行时更好理解:它表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段一直持续的状态。现在进行时的基点时间仍为“现在”(now),但它与一般现在时的动作不同:它的动作特点是进行性或持续性,我们用稍长的单实线表示:

e.g.:

1.I am writing a

composition.

2.My brother is

playing soccer.

例四:现在完成时(Present Perfective Aspect)

最后,我们来看现在完成时,一般来说它有三种用法:

1)表示一个已经发生但对现在情况有影响的动作:

e.g.:He has gone to town.(说明他现在不在这儿。)

2)表示从过去某时(ago)到现在(now)这段时间发生的事;

e.g.:We have learned800words this term.

3)表示一个由过去某时(ago)持续到现在(now)的动作状态。

e.g.I have lived here for four years.

无论哪种用法,其基点时间都是“现在”(now),而且动作特点为阶段性、持续性。在时间轴上我们用实弧线箭头表示,而且该弧线有起点(ago)和终点(now),可以理解为它是一条表示时间的实线段。如图:

同时,用实线段

表示完成时,更

有利于理解:为

什么在表示某一

动作的持续性时,

我们不用非延续性动词(即短暂性动词),而用相应的延续性动词?因为完成体的动作特点为阶段性、持续

性,它所体现的时间只能用段时间(从Ago到Now)来表示,而不能用点时间(Ago或Now)来表示。

如:come/go—be,borrow/lend—keep等。e.g.

1)Tom has come here for three days.应改为:Tom has been here for three days.

2)I have borrowed the book for three months.应改为:I have kept the book for three months.

以上四种基本的现在时态,为了便于从总体上来比较、理解这四种现在时态,我们把这四种时态所在的时间轴放在一起,如下图:

综合上述四

条时间轴,不

难看出这四

种时态的共

同点:现在时

态的基点时

间都是“现

在”(Now),

它们的动作

都与现在时间有关,这一点刚好与前面所提到过的“两时”中的“现在时”相吻合。

掌握好上述四种现在时态以后,我们就很容易理解另外四种过去时态(Past Tense)。事实上,每一种过去时态都与一种现在时态相对应,只是他们的基点时间不同,动作所发生的时间也不同,然而每一种过去时态和与之相对应的现在时态之间还是有一定的联系的:事实上,我们只需将现在时态中每一种时态的基点时间“现在”(Now)改为相应的“过去”时间(Ago),就可以得到相应的过去时态:

①一般现在时→一般过去时②现在进行时→过去进行时

③一般(现在)将来时→过去将来时④现在完成时→过去完成时

如果我们用时间轴来表示这一关系,则更容易理解:在时间轴上,我们只需借用数学中的平移方法,将四种现在时态的箭头图标分别向左平移一个单位时间,即由“现在”(Now)基点平移到“过去”(Ago)基点,其它的图标位置都不变,这样我们就可以得到以过去时间(Ago)为基点时间的过去时态,具体图形变化如下:

上述时间的平移实际上就是把现在的时间改为过去的时间,这一平移过程为我们理解、记忆各种时态的构成提供了一定的启示和帮助:由于现在时态的动作的基点时间是“现在”(Now),因此我们可以总结出:现在时态构成中的第一动词用动词的原形,即:V-原,(当主语为第三人称单数时,第一动词用相应的单数形式,即:V-s);同样,由于过去时态的动作的基点时间是“过去”(Ago),所以过去时态的构成中第一动词应该用动词的过去式,即:V-ed。

简而言之,我们只需将现在时态中第一动词由原形改为相应的过去式,就得到了过去时态的构成!(详见下表)

如此一来,我们只要熟练掌握了四种现在时态的用法和构成,那么其余四种过去时态就很容易理解和记忆了:只需将现在时态中的第一动词改为相应的过去式即可。

下面试举几例予以说明:

e.g.Tom_________(clean)his room at the time yesterday<1>

分析:我们先看看一个与此句相似的更简单的句子:

Tom__________(clean)his room now.<2>

对于句<2>,我们很容易理解,从now便可知道该句是现在进行时,所以横线处应该填:is cleaning。然后再比较句<1>和句<2>,句<1>中有at the time yesterday,从at the time可以知道句<1>是进行体;而从yesterday则可以推出句<1>是过去时态;再根据时间轴,我们只需将句<2>中的第一动词“is”改为相应的过去式“was”,就得到了句<1>的正确答案:was cleaning.

eg.2.I_____(have)never been to Shanghai by now.<1>

I_____(have)never been to Shanghai by the end of2001.<2>

分析:句<1>和句<2>结构很相似,只是具体动作所体现的时间不同:by now和by the end of 2001,句<1>中by now很容易理解,为现在完成时,所以用动词(have)的原形have。句<2>中2001是表示“过去”(ago)的一个时间,而by the end of2001则是表示截止到2001年底之前的一段时间,即“过去”(Ago)的“过去”(Before),所以它应该是过去时态,根据上述时间轴的特点,我们只需将句<1>中的第一动词(have)改为过去式had.即可。

时态(一)

时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。在这里,我们重点讲解一下最常见的11种时态的用法和注意事项。

1.一般现在时

1)用法:

A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。

例:If it______too much trouble,I'd love a cup of tea.

A)isn't B)wasn't C)weren't D)hadn't been

本句是日常生活中常用的口语。I'd是I would的缩写,表示一种委婉语气。全句的意思是:“要是不太麻烦的话,我想要一杯茶”。答案是A)。很多考生误选了C)weren't。if it weren't 是虚拟语气现在时,表示与现在事实相反的情况。本句说话人认为要一杯茶并不是很麻烦的事,只是说的委婉一些,因此不应该用虚拟语气。选项B)wasn't或D)hadn't been都和主句发生的时间不符,所以是错误的。

B)习惯用语

例:_________it or not,his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.

A)Believe B)Believing C)To believe D)Believed

口语中常说believe it or not,意思是:“信不信由你”,“我说的是真的”。believe it or not 是一个固定说法,相当一个插入语,短语中的believe没有词形变化。因此答案是A)Believe。

C)经常性、习惯性动作。

例:He always helps others.(他总是帮助别人。)

D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。

例:Once environmental damage__________,it takes many years for the system to recover.

A)has done B)is to do C)does D)is done

本句的意思是:“环境一旦遭到破坏,需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起,产生”的含义,do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do 的动作对象,谓语应当用被动语态。所以本题答案是D)is done。其它选项都是主动语态,所以都是错误的。

E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

例:The next train leaves at3o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)How often does this shuttle bus run?(这班车多久一趟?)

F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。

例:When you have finished the report,I will have waited for about3hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)

G)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。

例:The next train leaves at3o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)How often does this shuttle bus run?(这班车多久一趟?)

H)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。

例:When you have finished the report,I will have waited for about3hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)

例:Government cannot operate effectively_____it is free from such interference.

A)so long as B)so that C)unless D)because

这是一个条件状语从句,全句的意思是:"政府无法有效地运作,除非它不受这种干扰"。答案是C。

2.现在进行时(be doing)的用法

例:The fifth generation computers,with artificial intelligence,_______and perfected now.

A)developed B)have developed C)are being developed D)will have been developed

题中develop和perfect是并列的两各位与动词,动词perfect只能做及物动词用,因此在本句中应为被动语态,与之并列作谓语的动词develop也应是被动语态。此外,句中时间状语now表示谓语应是现在正在进行的动作。由此可见,答案是C)are being developed。全句的意思是:"具有人工智能的第五代计算机目前正在开发和完善之中"。

3.现在完成时(have done)

1)用法:

A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

例:I bought a new house,but I_________my old one yet,so at the moment I have two

houses.

A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell

答案是C)haven't sold。

B)表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。

例:Great as Newton was,many of his ideas___________today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

A)are to challenge C)have been challenged B)may be challenged D)are challenging

全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B)may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。

C)表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive,begin,find,give,lose等。

例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)

2)注意事项

A)现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。

例:He worked in that hospital for8years.

他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)

He has worked in that hospital for8years.

他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。

B)因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。

例:My sister has been married for5years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)

My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(终端动词)

C)在"this is the first/second/third……time that……"句型里要求用完成时。

例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)

D)句型"It is/has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。

例:It is/has been10years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)

E)在"no sooner than"、"hardly/scarcely……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时。

例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)

4.现在完成进行时(have been doing)

1)用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。

例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.

到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。

2)注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

例:It seems oil_________from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

A)had leaked B)is leaking C)leaked D)has been leaking

从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D)has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B)is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。

时态(二)

5.一般过去时

1)用法:

A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

例:I decided to go to the library as soon as I_______.

A)finish what I did B)finished what I did

C)would finish what I was doing D)finished what I was doing

结合四个选项来看,全句的意思是:“我决定一做完手头的工作就去图书馆”。本题首先要判断的是as soon as(一……就)引出的时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态。从句中的动作“做完手头的工作”是预计将要发生的动作,而去句的谓语动词用的是过去时(decided)。在这种场合,从句中通常用一般过去时,而不用过去将来时。所以选项A和C不可能是答案。句子指的是“完成正在做的工作”,do要用进行式。因此选项D才是答案。

B)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。

例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。)

He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)

C)有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)

Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)

2)注意事项:

A)注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday,last month,in1999,two days ago等,绝对不可与recently,in the past10years,this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有

关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。

B)used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do,didn't used to do,didn't use to do都对。

Used to do经常与be used to doing sth/sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经",要求加动词原形;后者表示"习惯于",要求加名词或动名词。

6.过去完成时(had done)

1)用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。

例:Until then,his family_________from him for six months.

A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard

全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中:A)didn't hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B)hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C)hasn't heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。

2)注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。

例:There had been some one in our room just now,because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)

分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是”开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时。

时态(三)

7.过去将来时(would/should do)

1)用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。

例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)

I thought he would not attend that evening party.(我认为他不会去参加那个晚会。)

2)注意事项:由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。

8.过去进行时(was/were doing)

1)用法:

A)表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

例:Mary was listening to light music10minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)

B)如果when,while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。

例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)

2)注意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。

9.一般将来时

1)用法:

A)基本结构是will/shall do。

例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.

我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。

例:Turn on the television or open magazine and you____advertisements showing happy, balanced families.

A)are often seeing B)often see C)will often see D)have often seen

本题连接词and前面的分句表示一种条件,and后面的分句表示一种结果。全句的意思是:“你一打开电视机或翻开杂志,常常会看到显示幸福、和睦家庭的各种广告”。在这种用法中,and前面部分通常是祈使句,and后面的句子用将来时,表示“会”。所以,答案是选项C)will often see。

B)有些动词,如:arrive,be close,come,do,done,go,have,leave,open,play,return,sleep, start,stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。

例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.

我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。

C)表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。

例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)

D)表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。

例:Don't worry,I am about to make a close examination on you.

别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。

E)"be to do"的5种用法:

a)表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)

b)该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should,must,ought to,have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。

例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet,kids.Our guests are arriving in less than5 minutes.

孩子们,你们必须上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。

c)能或不能发生的事情(接近can,may)

例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)

d)不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。

例:I assure you that the matter_______as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.

A.will be attended

B.will be attended to

C.is attended

D.is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

e)用于条件从句“如果……想,设想”(接近if……want to,或if……should)

例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage

_______avoided.

A)is to be B)can be C)will be D)has been

答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”

F)同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)

例:I was_______the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

A)in B)to C)at D)on

答案是D)。on the point of doing是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”

2)注意事项:

在以if,when,as long as,as soon as,after,before,in case,until,unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately,the moment,directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。

例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)

10.将来进行时(will be doing)

1)用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

例:Don't worry,you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.

别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。

例:This time tomorrow you________there doing some more exercises.

A)will sit B)will be sitting C)sit D)shall sit

答案是B)。因为this time tomorrow是个很具体的将来时间。

2)注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。

11.将来完成时(will have done)

1)用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。

例:The conference__________a full week by the time it ends.

A)must have lasted B)will have lasted C)would last D)has lasted

本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C)would last错误。因为D)has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。

例:It is reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory______ by about10%.

A)will have risen B)has risen C)will be rising D)has been rising

根据by the end of this month可知,答案为A)will have risen。全句意思是“据报道,到本月底该厂的水泥产量可提高到大约10%”。

2)注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。

英语中的时态用法比较

在英语中,时态是英语语法中的难点之一,它种类多,容易混淆,下面笔者通过几种时态比较,帮助英语学习者理解和掌握时态的用法。

1.现在一般时与现在完成时

1)I come from Shanghai(上海人)

I have come from Shanghai(从上海来)

2)You read very well.(强调能力)

You've read very well.(强调一次刚完成的动作)

3)I forget.(一时想不起来了)

I have forgotten.(仍没想起来,可能已回忆起来了)

4)The book is written in simple English.(表状态)

The book has been written in simple English.(表动态,已用英语写成)

5)Every time I see him,he's been reading.(两个动作不可能同时进行)

Every time I have seen him,he's been reading.(强调两个动作同时进行)

6)He is gone.(强调状态)He has gone(强调动作和时间)

7)He won't come till the play begins.(演出开始时)

He won't come till the play has begun.(戏已开始)

8)After I leave school,I'll go to college.(两个动作紧密相接)

After I have left school,I'll go to college.(强调毕业后,两个动作可能有间隔)

9)It is a long time since I saw you last.

It's been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样,后一句是美国英语)

10)Where are you?(在哪)

Where have you been?(去了哪)

2.现在一般时与现在进行时

1)He works hard.(强调始终如一)

He is working hard.(强调现在)

2)What do you do?(干什么工作的)

What are you doing?(在干什么)

3)Here comes the bus!(表高兴和欣慰)

The bus is coming.(汽车到来的情景)

4)I forget him name.

I'm forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了)

5)You don't eat much.(强调胃口不大)

You're not eating much.(你怎么不吃呀)

6)The match starts at7o'clock.(比较固定,不宜改变)

The match is starting at7o'clock.(可以改变)

7)Tom always comes late.

Tom is always coming late.(表示不满,责备)

8)Tom goes to college now.

Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大,后者更生动)

9)I tell you.(我可以告诉你)

I'm telling you.(我告诉你吧,有感情色彩)

10)He always sleeps in the afternoon.

He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了)

11)I expect you to phone me.(几乎等于命令)

I'm expecting you to phone me.(婉转)

12)What do you say?

What are you saying?(你说些什么呀,表说话人惊讶,不满)

12)I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果)

I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me.(强调过程,逐渐感到)

13)Apples cost more these days.(强调事实)

Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵)

14)He always thinks of others.

He's always thinking of others.(表示赞扬)

15)Whenever I see him,he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后)

Whenever I see him,he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行)

16)I hope you'll give us some advice.

I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转)

17)I must go.(我应该去)

I must be going.(我该走了)

18)We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐)

We can discuss this while we are eating.(进餐已开始)

3.现在完成时与过去一般时

1)I've seen him this morning.(还在上午的时间里)

I saw him this morning.(时间已不在上午了)

2)Who's opened the window?(窗户还在开着)

Who opened the window?(与现在无关,窗户可能已关上)

3)Have you ever heard him sing?(他可能不是爱唱歌)

Did you ever hear him sing?(你曾听过他唱歌吗,他可能是歌唱家)

4)Have you ever heard of such a thing?(你听过这种事吗)

Did you ever hear of such a thing?(这种事,你听说过吗?是一个修辞性问题,表示惊异。)

5)What have I done to make you so angry?(对方仍生气)

What did I do to make you so angry?(暗示某一过去的时间,可能对方已不生气了。)

6)How has he done it?(他这活干的怎么样?强调结果)

How did he do it?(他是怎么干这活的?强调干活的方式)

7)He has lived in New York for eight years.(他仍在纽约)

He lived in New York for eight years.(他可能不在人世了)

8)He has been called a thinker.

He was called a thinker.(他曾被誉为思想家)

9)You've heard what I said.(你听见我的话了)

You heard what I said.(你是听见我的话的,口气严厉,具有感情色彩。)

10)I've lost my pen.(笔还没找到)

I lost my pen.(笔可能找到了)

11)He has already been there.(曾去过哪)

He was already there.(当时在哪)

12)Since I have been ill,my friend has visited me every day.(生病还在延续)

Since I was ill,my friend has visited me every day.(病已好了)

13)Have you slept well?(暗示疲倦了,休息后是否好些了)

Did you sleep well?(暗示睡的是否舒服,满意)

4.过去完成时与过去一般时

1)I came here after I finished middle school.(两个动作每间隔)

I came here after I had finished middle school.(两个动作有间隔,强调先后概念)

2)I waited till I saw him.

I waited till I had seen him.(这两个句子差不多,过去完成时更普遍)

3)We hoped he would come.(我们希望他来)

We had hoped he would come.(我们本希望他来的)

4)I don't think he sang as well as he once did.(指具体一次)

I don't think he sang as well as he had once done.(泛指以前,现在可能不唱了)

5)Before I came here,I was a soldier.(我来此以前在当兵)

Before I came here,I had been a soldier.(我来此以前,曾当过兵)

6)Jim said he didn't know he was so strong.(表示Jim在说话时仍很结实)

Jim said he didn't know he had been so strong.(表示在Jim说话之前曾结实过) 7)They were friends from many years.(表示现在还是朋友)

They had been friends for many years.(意味这友谊结束了)

8)He did the work at6.(强调时间)

He had done the work at6.(6点工作已做完)

9)I learned French during my holiday.(强调学了)

I had learned French during my holiday.(强调学会了)

10)When she sang she sat down.(表示唱着坐下)

When she had sung she sat down.(表示唱完坐下)

11)I went to bed when I did my homework.(不明确)

I went to bed when I had done my homework.(作业做完)

12)I have lived here since I was a child.(从我长大成人)

I have lived here since I had a child.(从我孩提时)

5.过去进行时与过去一般时

1)I read a book yesterday.(书已看完)

I was reading a book yesterday.(书尚未看完)

2)The guests arrived.(客人已到)

The guests were arriving.(客人陆续到达)

3)He woke from a dream.(表示全醒)

He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒)

4)The old man died.(已死)

The old man was dying.(要死)

5)John told me about it.(告诉我了,我都知道了)

John was telling me about it.(跟我谈起过,我想了解更多的事情) 6)They persuaded me to go along with them.(已经说服)

They were persuading me to go along with them.(还在劝说)

7)The wind blew hard all night.(强调事实)

The wind was blowing hard all night.(强调风刮个不停)

8)I expected you.

I was expecting you.(客气,表示可能等了很久了)

9)He knocked at the door.(强调一次性)

He was knocking at the door.(强调多次性)

6.将来一般时与现在进行时

1)Will he come?

Is he coming?(时间发生的比较近)

2)How long will you stay hear?(表示意愿)

How long will you stay here?(表示打算)

3)She'll have a baby.(表示肯定)

She's going to have a baby.(表示推测,计划)

4)I'll see him this evening.(表示意愿)

I'm seeing him this evening.(表示打算,已有安排)

7.现在一般时与过去一般式

1)Do you wish to see me?

Did you wish to see me?(表示婉转客气)

2)That's all I have to say.(我的话就这些)

That's all I had to say.(我要说的就这些)

3)How do you like the film?(看电影过程中)

How did you like the film?(看完电影后)

4)It is nice to see you.(见面时说)

It was so nice to see you.(离别时说)

5)I never like him.(没时间性)

I never liked him.(从来没喜欢过)

6)I think I know that voice.(没见客人时)

I thought I know that voice.(见到客人时,证明自己正确或错误)

7)Who is that?(哪人还在)

Who was that?(人已不在场了)

8)This cake is made at home.(家里常做这种蛋糕)

This cake was made at home.(这种蛋糕是自家做的)

8.现在完成时与现在完成进行时

1)Someone has phoned you.(打了电话)

Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打电话)

2)I've read the novel.(已读完)

I've been reading the novel.(还没读完)

3)He has lived here for six weeks.

He has been living here for six weeks.(区别不大,后者更口语化)

4)Have you met her lately?

Have you been meeting her lately?(强调动作的重复,经常见面)

5)Who's eaten my apples?(苹果没有了)

Who's been eating my apples?(有感情色彩,表示愤怒不满)

9.现在一般时与过去完成时

1)I hope that he'll come.

I had hoped he would come.(与事实相反)

(经常这样用的词有:expect,think,intend,mean,suppose)

To the top(回页首)

现在完成时

现在完成时是英语时态中最不好掌握的时态,因为对我们来说,它很难在汉语中找到相对应的说法,下面从几个方面分析一下现在完成时的用法。

1.现在完成时的定义:动作发生在过去,对现在的影响和结果。

2.强调过去的动作和状态对现在产生的影响和结果。

常用的时间状语有:already,yet,never,有时没有时间状语;多是一般疑问句。

I have already seen the film.

Have you decided yet?

3.刚刚和最近发生的动作和状态。

常用的时间状语有:just,lately,recently,in the past few days/weeks

注意:just和just now用不同的时态,just now(刚才)一般用过去时。

I have just phoned him?

I have visited my parents recently.

4.从过去一直延续到现在的动作和状态。

常用的时间状语有:since,(可用作介词和连词)for

注意:主句的谓语动词一般是延续性的动词,如果是否定形式,主句的谓语动词可用瞬间动词,否则,不能用瞬间动词。

I have lived here for20years.

I have lived here since I came to this city

I have learned English since10years ago.

He hasn't come to visit us for a few months.

5.从过去到现在一段时间的动作和状态。

常用的时间状语有:up till now,so far,in this morning,in this week,in this year,

in my life

注意:这两句话的区别

I have seen him this morning.(时间还在上午)

I saw him this morning.(时间不是在上午了)

We have learned so many things from you so far.

I have seen any bird like this in my life.

6.对过去的体验和经历。

常用的时间状语有:before,ever,once,twice,many times

注意:这两句话的区别

I have been to Beijing(去过北京)

I have gone to Beijing(去北京了,人还没回来〕

Have you seen tiger before?

I have been to Shanghai many times.

从上面几方面的分析,我们把现在完成的用法和时间状语联系起来一起考虑,掌握完成时态的用法

时态语态单项选择

1Here_____the bus!

A is coming

B comes

C has come

D has been coming

2It's the third time I______him this month.

A had seen

B see

C saw

D have seen

3If you go to the western suburbs of the city,you___a lot of new buildings.

A will see

B have seen

C see

D are going to see

4----I have bought an English-Chinese dictionary.

----When and where___you___it?

A do buy

B did buy

C have bought

D had bought

5She showed him the photo she__the day before.

A has taken

B took

C was taking

D had taken

6While Tom___,his sister is writing.

A reads

B has read

C has been reading

D is reading

7By the time he was ten,Edison_____experiments in chemistry.

A had already done

B already had done

C was already doing D

already did

8I don’t know if it_____or not tomorrow.

A will snow

B snows

C has snowed

D is snowing

9He was sixty-eight.In two years he_____seventy.

A was going to be

B would be

C had been

D will be

10Tom___for more than a week.

A has left

B has gone away

C went away

D has been away

11He said that honesty_____the key to success.

A was

B will be

C is

D is being

12She_____in London till nest Monday.

A will have stayed

B has stayed

C is staying

D has been staying

13We_____each other since I left Shanghai.

A haven't seen

B hadn't seen

C didn't see

D wouldn't see

14I'll return the book to the library as soon as I___it.

A will finish

B am going to finish

C finished

D have finished

15She has bought some cloth,she____herself a dress.

A makes

B is going to make

C would make

D has made

16Don't go and bother him.He_____in the room.

A writes

B has written

C is writing

D has been writing

17___you___?

A Do--marry

B Have-married

C Have--been married

D Are --married

Tom:This is a terribly heavy box.

John:I____you to carry it.

A will help

B am going to help

C had better to help

D had rather help 19She told me that her father_____to the post office when I arrived

A just went

B has just gone

C had just gone

D had just been going

20Don't get of f until the bus_____.

A stopped

B will stop

C will have stopped

D stops

21Peter said that he_____home the next day.

A was going to

B will go

C would go

D had gone

22He____with us since he returned last month.

A lives

B lived

C had lived

D has lived

23They___to help but could not get here in time.

A had wanted

B have wanted

C was wanting

D want

24They will go to work in the countryside when they____school next year.

A will leave

B will have leave

C are leaving

D leave

25I didn't know when they___again.

A came

B were coming

C had come

D had been coming

26The fence____near the window.

A stand

B is standing

C have stood

D stands

27They_____here for more than a month.

A have arrived

B have reached

C have come

D have been

28We___a meeting from2to4yesterday afternoon.

A had had

B would have

C were having

D had

29She told us she had met you in London last year._____you_____her since?

A Had--met

B Did--see

C Would--meet

D Have--seen

30If it____tomorrow,we won't go to the school farm.

A is to rain

B will be raining

C will rain

D rains

31-___you___to the6:30broadcast?

A Have--listened

B Did--listen

C Had--listened

D would--listen

32I_____Tom has made a mistake.

A am thinking

B shall think

C think

D have been thinking

33I___writing the article now.

A finish

B is finishing

C finished

D have finished

34When____you___to study English?

A have--begun

B did--begin

C had--begun

D do--begin

35He was taken into hospital last week.In fact he_____ill for three months.

A has been

B has got

C had fallen

D had been

36I'll look after your children after you_____.

A will go

B will have gone

C are gone

D went

37He__of how he could do more for the people.

A will always think

B is always thinking

C has always thought

D does always think

38The foreign friends_____here just now.

A left

B have left

C have been away from

D had left

39The teacher said that we______ten lessons by the end of this term.

A should study

B have studied

C were going to study

D should have studied

40We__there when it____to rain.

A were getting--would begin

B were about to get--began

C had got--had begun

D would get--began

41Han's Christian Anderson__a lot of fairy tales.

A had written

B wrote

C was writing

D has written

42It_____ten years since he left Shanghai.

A was

B is

C had been

D will be

43We_____about two thousand English words by the end of last term.

A learned

B have learned

C had learned

D would learn

44Since when__you__so many young trees?

A have--planted

B do--plant

C did--plant

D had--planted

45It___long before we celebrate the New Year's Day.

A isn't

B hasn't been

C wasn't

D won't be

46------Where have you been?

------I_____to the railway station.

A have gone

B have been

C went

D am going

47I____along the road when suddenly some patted me on the shoulder from behind.

A walked

B had walked

C was walking

D would walk

48My brother___Tom quite well,they were introduced at a Party.

A is knowing

B was knowing

C knows

D had been knowing

49I didn't know a thing about the verbs,for I____them.

A wouldn’t study

B haven't studied

C hadn't studied

D wasn't studying

50Don't be late,Mary,the train_____at8a.m.

A is starting

B has started

C would start

D starts

51There will come a day when the people of the whole country__a happy life.

A live

B will live

C will have lived

D are living

52If I had enough money,I____a trip.

A took

B would take

C had taken

D would have taken

53My father,who died fifteen years ago,_____very kind to me.

A is

B was

C had been

D would be

54We_our seats till the party had begun.

A hadn't found

B didn't find

C haven't found

D wouldn't fine

55We_____that you would be able to visit us.

A hope

B were hoping

C have hoped

D hoped

56By1914Einstein___world fame.

A gained

B would gain

C had gained

D was gaining

57The man put on his hat and_____away.

A had gone

B would go

C has gone

D went

58Comrade Wang____the Party for about three years.

A has attended

B has joined

C has been in

D has taken part in 59-------______you_____to New York?

-------Yes,I______there three years ago.

A Have--been--went

B Did--go--have been

C Have--gone--went

D Have--been--had gone

60she was praised for what she____

A did

B has done

C would do

D had done

61The book_____on the floor for ten minutes,but no one has picked it up.

A is lying

B has lain

C has been lying

D lay

62The boy_____.A bullet_______through his chest on the left side

A had died--passed

B died--had passed

C died passed

D had died--had passed

63It____and the streets were still wet.

A had been raining

B rained

C has rained

D would rain

64If I____when he comes,wake me up.

A sleep

B will sleep

C am sleeping

D will be sleeping 65Hardly____the bell_____when the teacher came in.

A did--ring

B would--ring

C has--rung

D had--rung

66I____from him so far.

A didn’t hear

B don't hear

C haven't heard

D hadn't heard 67The students went out before the bell___.

A had rung

B has rung

C didn't ring

D hadn't rung

68It was two years since I___with here.

A had dined

B was dining

C dined

D had been dining

69By this time next year,we_____all the land onto rice fields.

A had turned

B will have turned

C have turned

D have been turning 70What_____you______this time tomorrow morning?

A will--do

B have--been doing

C are--doing

D will--be doing

71In the past it____people two years to go round the world.

A had taken

B has taken

C took

D was taking

72Great changed____in my hometown in the past few years.

A were taken place

B have been taken place

初中英语时态讲解(完整版)

英语时态讲解 1. 一般现在时的应用 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom 以及时间副词 every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night 做状语。如: He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。 We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。 I watch TV at night. 我晚上看电视。 (2) 表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如: The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。 Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时,液体变为气体。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 (3) 现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如: He lives in Beijing now. 他现在住在北京。 She is at home. 她在家。 They work in that factory. 他们在那家工厂工作。 (4) 习惯性的爱好或行为。如: I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞,而她喜欢唱歌。 We get up at six. 我们六点起床。 He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦。 (5) 表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排,并且一定要做的事情。用于这种句型的动词主要是瞬间动词:come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open等。如: The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到,八点过十分

初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解

初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解 一般现在时态 【展示平台】 1 一般现在时态用来表示经常,反复,习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频率的副词sometimes(有时), often(经常), usually(通常), always (总是)等连用。时间状语in the morning/ afternoon/ evening(在上午/下午/晚上), every day/ week/ month/ year(每天/周/月/年, at noon/night (在中午/夜里), on Monday/Tuesday(在星期一/二)等也可用在一般现在时态中。如: Bruce usually walks to school. 布鲁斯通常步行去上学。 We have two P.E classes every week. 我们每周上两节体育课。 2 表示现在的特征或状态。如: She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。 He is 13 years old. 他13岁了。 3 表示事实或客观真理,或在谚语中,也用一般现在时。如: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day. 太阳每天东升西落。 When there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。 4 一般现在时的基本句型 1)肯定句:① 主语+动词原形+其他②主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词-s+ 其他如:They live in China. 他们住在中国。 He likes eating apples. 他喜欢吃苹果。 2)否定句:① 主语+don’t+ 动词原形+其他 ② 主语(第三人称单数)+doesn’t+ 动词原形+其他 如:They don’t live in China. 他们不住在中国。 He doesn’t like eating apples. 他不喜欢吃苹果。 3)一般疑问句:① Do+主语+动词原形+其他? ② Does+主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词原形+其他? 如:Do they live in China? 他们住在中国吗? Does he like eating apples? 他喜欢吃苹果吗? 【相关链接】 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下: 1)一般在动词后直接加s。如:talk –talks, live –lives。 2)以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如: watch –watches, wash –washes, go –goes。 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变成i再加es。如: carry – carries, fly –flies。 4)特殊的,如:have的第三人称单数为has。 【牵手中考】 1. Bob often ______his mother with the housework on Sundays A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped

人教版七年级英语时态语法讲解

七年级英语语法----时态讲解及其练习 一、一般现在时 定义:表示经常、反复发生的动作,经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作(有时间规律发生的事情)的一种时间状态。(很拗口,但要学会就必须深刻体会,so please 将其狂读3遍) 具体用法 1、表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。(always, usually, often, sometimes, every day\ morning\ night\ evening\afternoon\week,) e.g. I go to school at 8:00 every morning. 2 表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态及喜好等。 e.g She is 11 years old . I don’t like English. She can speak English well. 3表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around the sun. 基本结构构成 含有be(am、is 、are)动词的用法 肯定句:I am+其它 You \ they\ we are +其它 She \he \ it+is +其它 否定句:I am not+ 其它。 You \ they\ we are not +其它 She \he \ it+is +not +其它 一般疑问句及回答: Are you +其它? 肯定回答:yes, I am. 否定回答:no, I am not. Are you\ they\ you+ 其它? 肯定回答: yes,we \they are. 否定回答:no, we \they are not. Is she\ he \it+其它? 肯定回答: yes,she \he \it is. 否定回答:no,she \he \it is not. 从上面结构中你能总结出be动词的用法吗?单数________,复数_________ ;我用_________,你用__________ ,______________-连着她他它。 含实义动词的结构:肯定句: 主语(I, we, you,they,)+动词原形+其它。

利用时间数轴讲解时态

利用时间数轴讲解时态 英语时态多,学生在学习过程中很难理解掌握。我通过多年的教学实践,建立了一个时间数轴,可帮助学生理解和掌握时态的应用。 时间数轴的概念:原点表示现在,箭头方向(原点右边)表示将来,箭头反方向(原点左边)表示过去。如图所示: 1.一般现在时:表示现阶段经常性的动作或状态。例如: I often go to school at 7:00 in the morning. She sometimes plays tabletennis after school. You are students. 2.现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作。例如 I’m speaking. You are listening to me. They are playing basketball now. 3.一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或状态,或者过去发生的经常性动作。例如 I did a lot of work on the cinema last Saturday. They lived here last year. LeiFeng was born in a poor family. 4.过去进行时:表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作。例如 My mother was cooking when I got home yesterday. I saw some children were playing in the street last night. He said they were looking for a dog. 5.现在完成时:表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作。例如

初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)

概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构:①be动词; ②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句: ①把be动词放于句首; ②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词都用are) 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 【练习】 一、单选 1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital. A work works B works work C work are working D is working work 2 One of the boys_____ a black hat. A have B there is C there are D has 3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow. A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain

英语八大时态结构-含例句

时态(8个): 一般现在时: 经常或习惯性的动作 结构: 肯定句主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 eg: I am Chinese. 否定句主语+be not +其他 eg: I am not a boy. 疑问句 Be+主语+其他 eg: Are you a girl? 或: 肯定句主语+动原+其他 (三单作主语动词要变形) eg: I (He) often get (gets) up early. 否定句主语+don't+动原+其他 (三单作主语don't变doesn't) eg: I (She) don’t (doesn’t) like him. 疑问句 DO+主语+动原+其他 (三单作主语do变does) eg: Do (Does) you (she) like playing baseball? 关键词: sometimes=at times有时,often经常, usually通常, always总是, every day每天, on Sunday afternoon在周日下午, five days a week一周五天, three times a month 一个月三次… 现在进行时: 正在发生的动作 结构: 肯定句主语+be+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他 eg: I am reading now. 否定句主语+be not+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他 eg: I am not working. 疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他 eg: Are you sleeping? 关键词:now现在, at the moment此刻, look, listen, keep quiet等提示语. 一般将来时: 将要发生的动作 结构: 肯定句主语+will+动词原型+其他 eg: I will call you later. 否定句主语+will not +动词原型+其他 eg: I will not go to the park. 疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他 Will you go shopping with her? (will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall) 关键词:tomorrow, next year明年, tonight今晚, this year今年, at the end of this term这学期期末, from now on从现在开始, soon一会儿马上, later后稍后,in three days三天之内, in the future 未来… 一般过去时: 过去发生的动作强调时间 句子结构:肯定句主语+be(was,were)+其他 eg: I was born on July.1st, 2000. 否定句主语+be not+其他 eg: I was not born in 1999. 疑问句 Be+主语+其他 eg: Were you born in January? 或: 肯定句主语+动词的过去式(ed)+其他 Lily went shopping yesterday. 否定句主语+did not+动原+其他 eg: He did not go to school today. 疑问句 Did+主语+动原+其他eg:Did she pass the test? 关键词:yesterday昨天,last week上周, last year去年, 一段时间+ago如ten years ago十年前 five hours ago五小时前, in +年/月,on+具体日期... Just now=a moment ago刚才,in the old days从前, long ago很久以前... 过去进行时: 过去正在发生的动作 结构: 肯定句主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他

数轴——英语时态的好帮手

数轴——英语时态的好帮手 英语句子中最关键的是时态,在每句话中动词都要随时态和人称发生变化。对于中学生来说,什么情况下用什么时态,确定好的时态又应该用动词的哪种形式往往拿不准,通过这些年在学习中不断摸索、探讨,想出了一个比较简便的方法,就是我们把初中阶段学习的八种时态在数轴上进行对比、分析,就可化难为易,化繁为简。 下面是中学阶段出现的八种时态: Past present future (过去)(现在)(将来) 从上图可以看出数轴原点的位置表示现在present;数轴的正方向表示将来tomorrow/in the future;数轴的负方向表示过去yesterday/in the past . 一般现在时和一般过去时 (动词形式)did do/does (时间状语)past present 一般现在时表示现在情况,也表示经常性或习惯性的动作,谓语动词用原形。一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作,在数轴上表示在负方向。 现在进行时和过去进行时 动词be(was/were)+doing be(am/is/ate)+ doing) 时间at that time present 现在进行时表示动作此刻正在进行,常与now连用,谓语动词为be (am/is/are)+(doing)。过去进行时则表示动作在过去的某个时间正在进行,谓语动词为was,were + doing. 现在完成时和过去完成时 (动词)过去完成时(had+done)现在完成时(have/has+done) (时间)before the past past present 过去完成时则是现在完成时负方向的一段时间的平移,也就是说在过去某个

初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)

一、一般现在时: 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构:①be动词; ②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句: ①把be动词放于句首; ②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词都用are)

二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk is in the g lass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 【练习】

英语的八大时态用法详解

英语八大时态用法详解 一.一般现在时 1. 概念:表示经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2. 基本结构: (1)主语+ be动词(is / am / are)+表语 (2)主语+ 行为动词的原形或单数第三人称形式+其他(3)There be 句型:There is / are +n. +介词短语is / are 根据n. 的单复数决定。 否定形式: (1)am / is /are + not; (2)谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn’t,同时行为动词还原为原形。 (3)There is / are not +n. +介词短语 一般疑问句: (1)把is / am / are动词放于句首; (2)用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时还原行为动词;(3))There is / are +n. +介词短语: is / are动词放于句首。 3.标志性时间状语:

(1)on + 星期s = every 星期(2)once / twice/ three times a week (month / year …) (3)频度副词always / usually / often / sometimes=at times= (every)once in a while / seldom / never(不绝对) (4)in the mornings / afternoons / evenings = every morning / afternoon/ evening 4.用法: (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. (2)表示客观真理,客观存在或科学事实。 如:The earth moves around the sun. (3)表示格言或警句。 如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. (4)表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性等。 如:I don’t want so much. Ann writes good English but does not speak well. (5)一般现在时表示将来含义

英语语法初中英语动词时态和语态讲解

英语语法:初中英语动词时态和语态讲解 (一)动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。 英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时的用法 1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如: a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. earth moves around the sun. 2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。例如: a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside. 3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如: a. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。 a. I like English very much. b. The story sound very interesting. 5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。 2.一般现在时的用法 1)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea. 注:”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有“现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于…..” a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used tomming in winter. 3.一般将来时的用法 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。

运用时间数轴理解英语时态(完美版)

运用时间数轴理解英语时态(完美版) 我们知道,英语动词时态是一个语法范畴,它是用来体现、描述动作发生时间的动词形式,。英语动词中有两“时”(Tense)、两“体”(Aspect)、两“态”(V oice)之说;两“时”即是指现在时(Present Tense)和过去时(Past Tense)。据此我们可以将英语语法中的八种基本时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般(现在)将来时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时分为两大类:现在时态和过去时态,每一类各包括四种具体的时态。 现在时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、现在完成时 根据不同时态所体现的时间特点,我们可以借助数学中的数轴将不同的时间点或时间段形象化到一条特殊的数轴上,可以称它为:时间轴。就像数轴描点一样,我们也可以将时间轴分为三个区分点:过去(Past)、现在(Now)和将来(Future),而“Past”又可以细分为“Ago”(相对于“Now”的过去时间)和“Before”(相对于“Ago”的过去时间,即过去的过去)两个小的时间点,这样我们就可以对各种不同的时间点或时间段有了很形象、很直观的把握和了解,如下图所示: 图1的时间轴很形象地表示出 四个不同的时间区分点,正好与 各种不同时态所体现的时间相 对应,而且每一种时态都可以用 上述时间轴来描述或表示。现试举几例: 实例讲解 我们先看四种现在时态: 例一:一般现在时(Simple Present) 我们知道,一般现在时有以下几种常见的用法: 1)表示现在经常性的动作; 2)表示现在的情况或状态; 3)表示不受时限的客观事实或真理(实际上这些客观真理或事实都是人们以“现在”(Now)的观点或标准来做出评判的,它们仍然是人们在“现在”这个时间段里所理解、所认识的客观世界)。 这三种用法有一个共同点,即:它们的时间不涉及到过去(Past)和将来(Future),动作也不与进行体(Progressive Aspect)或完成体(Perfective Aspect)相关,只表示现在(Now)。那么在时间轴上如何理解它们?见下图: 从图2可以看出一般现在时是以 “现在”(Now)的时间为基点 的,我们用双线实心箭头表示一 般现在时的动作特点:习惯性、 现实性、客观性。 e.g. 1)He often plays football on weekends. 2)I am a teacher and he is a student. 3)The earth is bigger than the moon. 例二:一般将来时(Simple Future Tense) 下面我们再看一般将来时:它表示将要或计划要发生的事,它的基点时间也是“现在”(时间轴上的“Now”点),但它的动作实际发生的时间应该是“将来”(时间轴上的“Future”点)。由于它的动作相对于“现在”来说,还没有发生,在时间轴上我们就用虚线箭头来表示,如图:

初中英语必考-八大时态结构及用法详解

初中英语必考八大时态结构及用法详解 一.一般现在时 1. 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2. 基本结构:①is/am/are;②do/does 否定形式:①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语 为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 3. 一般疑问句: ①把is/am/are 动词放于句首; ②用助动词do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 4. 用法

1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east ofChina. 上海位于中国东部。 3)表示格言或警句。 例如:Pride goes before a fall 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 5)一般现在时表示将来含义。 a. 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用 来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。 b. 在时间或条件句中。 例如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

英语八大时态数轴讲解

数学轴助解初中英语时态 来源:星火教育网作者:Irene 点击:199次 在初中英语的学习过程中最令初中生们头疼的可能就是时态的问题了。其实初中的英语语法主要就是对八大时态的掌握和运用,这八种时态如果我们能完全掌握并灵活运用,初中的英语应该就不会差到哪里去了吧??学习这八大时态之前我们先明了下汉语中的过去、现在 在初中英语的学习过程中最令初中生们头疼的可能就是时态的问题了。其实初中的英语语法主要就是对八大时态的掌握和运用,这八种时态如果我们能完全掌握并灵活运用,初中的英语应该就不会差到哪里去了吧?? 学习这八大时态之前我们先明了下汉语中的“过去、现在、将来、正在进行的动作”分别表示什么含义。呵呵。套用本山大叔的小品,“过去、现在、将来”对应的就是“昨天、今天、明天”。 “正在进行的动作”肯定从字面意思就能明白。其次,时态学习的关键就是一定要立足于现在,因为时态的分析都是以现在为基点的。好的,接下来我们结合数学的时间坐标轴对时态进行成对讲解。 一.八大时态的基本用法 1.一般现在时和一般过去时 时间点:现在(一般现在时) 过去(一般过去时) 表达含义:现在经常发生或者反复发生的动作(一般现在时) 过去经常发生或者反复发生的动作(一般过去时) 构成:动词原形(第三人称动词后加-s/-es) 时间轴表示:

2.现在进行时和过去进行时 时间点:此刻(现在进行时) 过去某时刻正在进行(过去进行时) 表达含义:此刻说话时正在进行的动作(现在进行时) 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作(过去进行时) 构成:be(am/is/are/were/was+现在分词) 时间轴表示: 3.一般将来时和过去将来时 时间点:从现在看将来某一个刻(一般将来时) 从过去看将来某一刻(过去将来时)

【精品】初中英语语法八大时态总结(完整版)

初中英语语法八大时态 一.一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句:He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如:All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作。 例如:I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二.一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+(助动词)didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句

小学英语语法时态讲解与归纳.

小学英语语法时态讲解与归纳—一般现在时 一、一般现在时: 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二. 构成及变化 1.be动词的变化。 肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。 l、当主语为第一,二人称及复数时,助动词为do 肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。如:We often play basketball after school. 否定句:主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。如:we don’t play basketball after school. 一般疑问句:Do +主语+动词原形+其它? 如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句? 如: What do you often do after school ? 3、当主语为第三人称单数时 , 助动词为does 肯定句:主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如: He swims well. 否定句:主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如:He doesn’t swim well.. 一般疑问句:Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 如:Does he swim well ?

英语时态种基本时态讲解完善版

英语时态8种基本时态讲解 一.概念:英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,需用不同的动词形式表示,这种不同的动词形式称为时态。 二.种类:(基本时态) 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 一般将来时过去将来时 现在完成时过去完成时 三.用法: 1)一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。 一般现在时常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,动词词尾加-s或-es。2)句型结构:主语+V.(包括be动词)+宾语+… She is an engineer. He has breakfast at 6:00every day. 3)注意: a)一般现在时通常与always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等时间状语连用。

I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening . They go home once a week . We usually do our homework at home . b)表客观现实或普遍真理。 The sun always rises in the east . The light travels faster than the sound . c)表永远性的动作或状态。 He lives in the country . 4)第三人称单数变化形式。 a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s . come---comes speak---speaks work---works live---lives b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es. do---does go---goes finish---finishes brush---brushes fix---fixes pass---passes watch---watches c)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es. Study---studies carry-carries cry---cries d)以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词直接加-s. pl a y---plays st a y---stays

初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)之欧阳家百创编

一、一般现在时: 欧阳家百(2021.03.07) 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构:①be动词; ②行为动词 否定形式:①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句: ①把be动词放于句首; ②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如:He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词都用are) 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:

相关主题