综合英语(一)下册课文&翻译

综合英语（一）下

Lesson One

The Story of an Hour

Kate Chopin

Learning Guide

一位已婚女士闻其丈夫惨死于火车事故，不顾自己衰弱的心脏能否经受得住，当即入放声痛哭，随后又不顾亲友的劝告将自己锁在屋内。她推开窗子，迎来外面雨后的一片春意盎然。那充满生机的景象突然唤醒了长期隐藏在她心底深处的愿望，她感到了身心从未有过的自由。正当她憧憬着未来的自由时……

1They knew that Louise Mallard had a weak heart. So they broke the bad news gently. Her husband, Brently, was dead.

他们知道路易丝·马拉德的心脏不太好，所以把坏消息告诉她时非常小心。她的丈夫布伦特里死了。

2“There was a train accident, Louise,” said her sister Josephine, quietly.

3Her husband's friend, Richards, brought the news, but Josephine told the story. She spoke in broken sentences.

4“Richards… was at the newspaper office. News of the accident came. Louise… Louise, Brently's name was on the list. Brently…was killed, Louise.”

“出了一次火车事故，路易丝。”姐姐约瑟芬轻声说道。

带来消息的是她丈夫的朋友理查兹，但告诉她的是约瑟芬。约瑟芬在讲述时语不成句。

“理查兹当时正在报社，消息传了过来。路易丝……路易丝，死者的名单上有布伦特里的名字。布伦特里……遇难了，路易丝。”

5Louise did not hear the story calmly, like some women would.She could not close her mind or her heart to the news. Like a sudden storm, her tears broke out. She cried, at once, loudly in her sister's arms. Then, just as suddenly, the tears stopped. She went to her room alone. She would not let anyone follow her.

路易丝听到这个噩耗，没有像有些妇女所可能表现的那样平静。她不可能做到无动于衷。泪水像突如其来的暴雨，夺眶而出。

她立时呼号起来，在姐姐的怀里放声大哭。随后她的泪水就像它们突然来时的那样又突然止住了。她独自走进自己的房间，不让任何人跟着进去。

6In front of the window stood a large, comfortable armchair. Into this she sank and looked out of the window. She was physically exhausted after her tears. Her body felt cold; her mind and heart were empty.

7Outside her window she could see the trees. The air smelled like spring rain. She could hear someone singing far away. Birds sang near the house. Blue sky showed between the clouds. She rested.

窗前放着一把又大又舒适的扶手椅。她疲惫地坐到椅子上，向窗外望去。哭过之后，她筋疲力尽。她浑身冰凉，脑子里和心里

一片空白。

窗外，她能看到一片树木，空气闻起来就像春雨过后。她还能听到远处有人在唱歌，房子附近也有鸟儿在歌唱，白云间露出一片片蓝天。她平静了下来。

8She sat quietly, but a few weak tears still fell. She was young, with a fair, calm face that showed a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes. She looked out of the window at the blue sky. She was not thinking, or seeing. She was waiting.

她静静地坐着，又有几滴泪水掉落下来。她很年轻，白皙安详的脸上显露出一种毅力。但此时此刻，她的眼神中没有一丝生气。她望着窗外的蓝天。她不是在想，也不是在看，而是在等待。

9There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it with fear. What was it? She did not know. It was too subtle to name. But she felt it creeping out of the sky. It was reaching her through the sound, the smell, the color that filled the air.

什么东西正向她靠近，她恐惧地等待着。是什么呢？她不知道。那东西太微妙，说不清楚。但是她感到它正从天边而来，透过空气中的声音、气息和颜色正在逼近她。

10Slowly she became excited. Her breath came fast; her heart beat faster. She was beginning to recognize the thing that was approaching to take her. She tried to beat it back with her will, but failed. Her mind was as weak as her two small white hands. When she stopped fighting against it, a little word broke from her lips.

慢慢地，她变得兴奋起来，呼吸急促，心跳加快。她开始意识到正向她逼近要控制她的是什么东西。她试图用自己的意志力把

这种朦胧的意识打回去，但毫无用处。她的意志就像她那纤细白皙的双手，脆弱无力，不能将其推开。当她干脆任其自由发展时，从她的双唇间蹦出一个词。

11“Free,” she whispered. “Free, free, free!” The dull stare and look of fear went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her heart beat fast, and the blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body. A sudden feeling of joy held her.

“自由了，”她低语道，“自由了，自由了，自由了！”茫然的目光和恐惧的神色一扫而光。她的目光又敏锐、闪亮起来。她的心跳加快，血液沸腾，全身轻松了下来。她感到一种突如其来的欢悦。

12She did not ask if her joy was wrong. She saw her freedom clearly and could not stop to think of smaller things.

13She knew that she would weep again when she saw her husband's body. The kind hands, now dead and still. The loving face, now fixed and gray. But she looked into the future and saw many long years to come that would belong to her alone. And now she opened and spread her arms out to those years in welcome.

她想都没想这种欢悦的心情是否正当。今后的自由清清楚楚地展现在她的面前，别的都是小事，无暇顾及。

她知道她看到丈夫的遗体时还会哭。那亲切的双手再也不能挥动，那可爱的脸庞变得呆滞而又苍白。但她看到了未来，看到了将来长远的岁月，那只属于她的岁月。她张开双臂，欢迎那美好的岁月。

14There would be no one else to live for during those years. She would live for herself alone. There would be no powerful will bending hers. Men and women always believe they can tell others what to do and how to think. Suddenly Louise understood that this was wrong and that she could break away and be free of it.

在那些岁月里，她将不再为其他任何人而活着，只为她自己。那时再也没有人使自己屈从于他的意志。人们总是认为他们可以叫其他人做什么，叫其他人如何思考。路易丝突然明白这是错误的，她完全可以从中摆脱出来。

15And yet, she had loved him — sometimes. Often she had not.What did love mean now? Now she understood that freedom is stronger than love.

16“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.

然而她曾经爱过他——有的时候。更多的时候她又不爱他。爱到底意味着什么？现在她知道自由比爱情更加强烈，更加重要。

“自由了！彻底自由了！”她不停地低声说道。

17 Her sister Josephine was waiting outside the door.

18 “Please open the door,” Josephine cried. “You will make yourself sick. What are you

doing in there, Louise? Please, please, let me in !”

19 “Go away. I am not making myself sick.” No, she was drinking in life t hrough that open window.

姐姐约瑟芬在门外等着。

“请开门，”约瑟芬大声喊道。“你会把自己弄病的。你到底在里面干什么，路易丝？请，请让我进去！”

“走开。我不会把自己弄病的。”是的，她不会。透过敞开的窗户，她正在领略着窗外生命的气息，体验着生命的美好。

20 She thought joyfully of all those days before her. Spring days, summer days. All kinds of days that would be her own. She began to hope life would be long. It was only yesterday that life seemed so long !

她高兴地想着以后的日子。春天，夏天，所有属于她自己的日子。她开始渴望长寿，而就在昨天她还嫌生命漫长，看不到尽头！

21 After a while she got up and opened the door. Her eyes were bright; her cheeks were red. She didn't know how strong and well she looked — so full of joy. They went downstairs, where Richards was waiting. 过了一会，她起身把门打开。她的眼睛炯炯有神，她的脸颊很红润。她不知道她的身体看起来是多么地健康——充满了喜悦。她们下了楼，理查兹在楼下等着。

23 But Richards was too late.

24 When the doctors came, they said she had died of heart disease — of joy that kills.

但是理查兹太晚了。

当医生赶到时，他们说她死于心脏病——死于心脏承受不了的喜悦。

Lesson Two In the Laboratory Samuel H. Scudder Learning Guide

美国著名昆虫学家塞缪尔·斯卡德记叙了多年前他初进哈佛读书，在阿加西斯教授的实验室学习的一段难忘的经历：一条作标本的鱼，竟让他用肉眼整整观察了 三天。然而他所学到的东西使他终身受益。对学生有问必答、有求必应、事无巨细一概包揽的就是个好老师吗?能把老师的知识全部学到的就是好学生吗?俗话说严 师出高徒。师应严在何处?徒又高在哪里?仔细品味本文，你一定会有所收获。

1 I entered Professor Agassiz's laboratory, and told him I had enrolled my name in the Scientific School as a student of natural history.

我走进阿加西斯教授的实验室，告诉他我已经在自然科学学院报了名，专业是生物学。

2 "When do you wish to begin?"

3"Now," I replied.

“你想什么时候开始？”

“就现在，”我答道。

4This seemed to please him, and with an energetic "Very well!" he reached from a shelf a huge jar of specimens in yellow alcohol."Take this fish," he said, "and look at it; by and by I will ask what you have seen." With that he left me. I was disappointed, for gazing at a fish did not seem to be challenging enough to an eager student, and the alcohol had a very unpleasant smell. But I said nothing and began to work immediately.

这好象让他很高兴，他精神饱满地说了句“好极了”，就伸手从架子上取下一只大瓶子，里面的黄色酒精中浸泡着标本。“把这条鱼拿去，”他说，“仔细观察观察，过一会我再问问你看到了些什么。”说完他就离开了。我很失望，因为对于一个求知欲很强的学生来说，老盯着一条鱼看并不富有挑战性，而且酒精也发出一股难闻的气味。但我什么话也没说，立即开始了工作。

5In ten minutes I had seen all that could be seen in the fish, and started to look for the Professor — who had, however, left. Half an hour passed — an hour — another hour; the fish began to look disgusting. I turned it over and around; looked it in the face —ghastly; from behind, beneath, above, sideways — just as ghastly. I must not use a magnifying glass, nor instruments of any kind. Just my two hands, my two eyes, and the fish: it seemed a most limited field of study. With a feeling of desperation again I looked at that fish. I pushed my finger down its throat to feel how sharp the teeth were. I began to count the scales in the different rows, until I was convinced that was nonsense. At last a happy thought struck me— I would draw the fish; and now with surprise I began to discover new features in the creature. Just then the Professor returned.

我用十分钟就把鱼身上能看到的东西全看了，然后开始找教授，然而他已经离开了。半个小时，一个小时，再一个小时过去了，那条鱼显得叫人厌恶。我把它翻过来，转过去，再正面看看，毫无气色，死一样的苍白；从后看，从下看，从上看，从侧面看都一样。我不准用放大镜，不准用任何仪器。只有我的两只手，两只眼睛，还有鱼，这个研究范围似乎太狭窄了。带着无可奈何的心情我再次去看那条鱼。我把手伸进鱼的嘴巴，看看它的牙齿有多锋利。我开始一排排地数鱼鳞片，直到我确信这样做毫无意义。最后我忽然想起了一个好主意——我把鱼画出来。令我惊奇的是，我开始在这家伙身上发现了新的特征。就在这时，教授回来了。

6"That is right," said he, "a pencil is one of the best of eyes." With these encouraging words, he added, "Well, what is it like?" 7He listened attentively to my brief description. When I finished, he waited as if expecting more, and then, with an air of disappointment.

8"You have not looked very carefully; why," he continued more earnestly, "you haven't even seen one of the most visible features of the animal, which is as plainly before your eyes as the fish itself; look again, look again!" and he left me to my misery.

“做得对，”他说，“使用铅笔是最好的观察方法之一。”说完这鼓舞人心的话，他又接着说，“嗯，它象什么？”

他认真地听着我简单的描述。我讲完之后，他等了等，好象在期待着我继续说下去，然后脸上显露出失望的表情说：

“你没有仔细观察，”他接着认真地说，“你甚至连鱼身上最明显的特征都没看到，它就象那条鱼本身一样清清楚楚地摆在你的面前。再看！再看！”交代完之后，他就不管我了，让我陷入苦恼之中。

9I was hurt. Still more of that wretched fish ! But now I set myself to my task with a will, and discovered one new thing after another,until I saw how just the Professor's criticism had been. The afternoon passed quickly; and when, towards its close, the Professor inquired,"Do you see it yet?"

10"No,"I replied, " I do not, but I see how little I saw before."

11"That is next best," said he earnestly, "But I won't hear you now; put away your fish and go home; perhaps you will be ready

with a better answer in the morning. I will examine you before you look at the fish."

我的自尊心受到了伤害。还得继续去面对那条讨厌的鱼！但现在我决心好好地完成我的任务，于是便有了一个一个的新发现，直到最后我终于明白教授的批评是多么地有道理。下午很快就过去了。快到黄昏时，教授问我：“看出来了吗？”

“没有，”我回答道，“没有看出来，但我已认识到原来看出来实在是太少了。”

“那也不错，”他认真地说。“不过现在我不听你讲，你把鱼放好回家去吧，也许明天早晨有更好的答案，在你看鱼只前我要考考你。”

12This was disconcerting. Not only must I think of my fish all night, studying, without the objectbefore me, what this unknown but most visible feature might be, but also, without reviewing my discoveries, I must give an exact account of them the next day.

这真叫人紧张。我不仅必须整夜去想那条鱼，鱼不在跟前得反复琢磨出那未知但极其明显的特征是什么，而且在无法重温已经发现的特征的情况下，还要在第二天准确地描述那些特征。

13The friendly greeting from the Professor the next morning was reassuring. He seemed to be quite as anxious as I that I should see for myself what he saw.

第二天早晨，教授友好地向我打招呼，这令我感到安慰。他好象与我的心情完全一样，急切希望我看到他所看到的一切。

14"Do you perhaps mean," I asked, "that the fish has symmetrical sides with paired organs?"

15His thoroughly pleased "Of course!" repaid the wakeful hours of the previous night.After he had talked most happily and enthusiastically — as he always did — upon theimportance of this point, I asked what I should do next.

“你的意思或许是说，”我问道，“鱼的两边对称，器官成队？”

他十分满意地说了声“对！”，让我感到头天夜里好几个小时的思考没有白费。在他象平常那样非常高兴而又充满热情地谈了这一点的重要性后，我问他下一步该怎么做。

16"Oh, look at your fish!" he said, and left me alone again. In a little more than an hour he returned, and heard my new list. 17"That is good, that is good!" he repeated, "but that is not all; go on." And so for three long days he placed that fish before my eyes, forbidding me to look at anything else, or to use any artificial aid. "Look, look, look," was his repeated instruction.

噢，看你的鱼吧！”说完，他又离开了，就留下我一个人。一个小时多一点，他再次回来，听了我的新发现。

“很好！很好！”他连连说，“但这还没完，继续看。”就这样，他把鱼放在我的面前整整放了三天，不让我看任何其它东西，也不让我使用任何仪器。“观察，观察，再观察，”他再三地指示。

18The fourth day, a second fish of the same group was placed beside the first, and I was told to point out the similarities and differences between the two; another and another followed, until the entire family lay before me.

第四天，另一条同属的鱼摆放在第一条鱼的旁边，而且要我指出它们之间的相同点与不同点。然后，又是一条，接着另一条，直到同科所有的鱼都摆到了我的面前。

19This was the best lesson I ever had. It has influenced the way I have studied ever since.It was something the Professor gave me, which we could not buy, with which we could not part.

这是我上过的最好的一课。自那以后，我的一切学习和研究方法无不受益于这一课。这是教授给我的无价的礼物，是用金钱买不到的，是一笔不能丢弃的财富。

20While training the students in the method of observing facts and their orderly arrangement, Professor Agassiz urged them not to be content with just facts. "Facts are stupid things," he would say,"until brought into connection with some general law."

在训练学生观察事物及其规律性的排列时，阿加西斯教授鼓励他们不要仅仅满足于事实。他常说：“事实本身意义不大，只有与某一自然法则联系起来时才有意义。”

维护社会治安，人人有责。一个机智而且有正义感的伦敦报童，发现报上几则蹊跷的私人启事似乎与几起盗窃案有某种联系，遂向警方报告。报童在一则广告所暗示的地点与时间，潜伏起来，凭借自己的机智和勇敢协助警方捕获了已作案多次的盗窃团伙首领——正是那几则神秘启事的发送人。

1Bob Sugg read only certain bits of the papers he sold. Robberies, killings, and things like that. And that was funny, too, because he didn't like crime and meant to stop it whenever hecould. Already in his free time he had helped catch several wrongdoers.

在鲍勃·萨格所卖的几种报纸中，他只看其中少量的部分，如抢劫、谋杀以及诸如此类的东西。这事说来也怪，因为他讨厌犯罪，而且只要办得到，他都决心随时制止犯罪。在闲暇时间里，他就曾经帮助抓到过好几个罪犯。

2Bob's favourite part of the newspaper was the page of personal advertisements. The one he was reading right now said: "Remember Aunt Mary on next Sunday. Quarrel upsetting all.Report evening 25th. N.E. Cross."

报纸上，鲍勃最爱看的是私人启事版。现在他正在读的启事是这样写的：“在下星期天别忘了给玛丽阿姨送礼。吵架破坏了大家的心情。25日晚报道。N. E.克罗斯。”

3"That's a funny one," Bob thought. He reread the notice. Why pay more money to say "on next Sunday" when "next Sunday"would have been enough? "Cross. Cross." Bob felt sure he had come upon that name in the personals before. But he didn't remember those initials.What did N. E. stand for?

“这条启事有些蹊跷。”鲍勃想。他把启事又读了一遍。干吗要多花钱多写进一个“在”字？写“下星期天”不就够了？“克罗斯，克罗斯。”鲍勃确信在以前的私人启事中曾经见过这个名字，但他却记不清那些首字母了。N. E.代表什么呢？

4For some reason that advertisement haunted Bob Sugg. Here was a mystery he wanted to solve.

5Four days later, a headline about a burglary caught his eye. He quickly read the story. A few minutes later, the man in charge of the newspaper files saw an excited boy rush into the room. "May I see the back number files, sir?" the boy asked. The man motioned toward a wide shelf. Bob intently studied a paper.

不知为什么，那则启事时时萦绕在鲍勃·萨格的心头。他想解开这个迷。

四天之后，一个有关盗窃案的标题引起了他的注意。他很快读完了报道。几分钟后，管理报纸档案的职员看见一个神情激动的男孩跑进了他的办公室。“先生，让我看看过期报纸，好吗？”男孩问。那人向一个宽宽的书架示意了一下，鲍勃就认真地研究起报纸来。

6"Look! These two personals," Bob was breathless with excitement. "They appeared ondifferent dates, but it's the same advertiser, Cross."

7"Wait," the man interrupted. "The initials aren't alike. One is W. Cross and the other is S.W."

8"Here's another Cross that was in the paper last Thursday. Now, who sent in these three ads?" asked Bob.

9"We can't give you that information," the man said.

10"Well," said Bob, "if you don't get this very question from the police inspector today, my name's not Bob Sugg."The next moment he was gone.

“看！这两则私人启事。”鲍勃激动得喘不过气来，“虽然它们刊登的日期不同，但刊登广告的却是同一个人：克罗斯。”

“等等，”那人打断他的话，“首位字母不一样，一个W. Cross,另一个是S. W.。”

“上星期四的报纸上还有另一个克罗斯。到底是谁送登这三则启事的呢？”鲍勃问。

“这个信息我们不能告诉你。”那人说。

“那么，”鲍勃说，“不出今天，要是警长不问你这个问题，我就不叫鲍勃·萨格。”说完这话他就走了。

11Bob hurried into Inspector Hamelin's office, and showed him the headline in the paper. "It's about this burglary in Ramon Square," he said. "I can tell you the number of the house, though it isn't in the paper. Number 25. The burglar's Mr. N.E. Cross this time. Before, he was W. Cross, and before that, S.W. Cross. …Remember Aunt Mary on next Sunday. Quarrel upsetting all. Report evening 25th.' Mr. Hamelin, the first letters of the words spell …Ramon Square. '"

鲍勃急匆匆地走进哈梅林警长的办公室，把报纸上的标题给他看。“这是有关拉蒙广场的盗窃案，”他说，“门牌号码虽然不在报纸上，但我可以告诉你：是5号。这回，盗贼叫N. E.克罗斯。上回，他叫W.克罗斯；再上回，他叫S. W.克罗斯。…Remember Aunt

Mary on next Sunday. Quarrel upsetting all. Report evening 25th.?这些单词的第一个字母拼在一起就是…Ramon Square?，哈梅林先生。”

12"And the initials N.E. stand for North East?"

13"That's right," said Bob. "25, Ramon Square, North East; that was the address. And Sunday was the day chosen for the job!" 14"Smart work. Congratulations!" Hamelin said.

15"I found two more ads in the news files, from weeks ago. Read them, sir !" Bob urged.

“那首字母N. W.就代表东北区罗？”

“说得对，”鲍勃说：“拉蒙广场东北区25号；那是地址。星期日就是他选定作案的日子！”

“分析得很好。恭喜，恭喜！”哈梅林说。

“我在几个星期前的新闻报纸中还发现了另外两则启事。给你看看，先生！”鲍勃急切地说。

16Inspector Hamelin did so. The first one ran: "Friday. Reasons of safety take Lewis away North England 30th. S.W. Cross." 17The second ran: "Meet usual spot early unless Mary rings on Wednesday 5th. W. Cross."

18Bob pointed a forefinger at each word in turn.

19"The first spells out 30, Frost Lane, South West. The second is 5, Museum Row, West. When it gives the day of the week, that's the day for the burglary."

哈梅林警长开始读起来。第一则启事是这样的：“星期五。出于安全的缘故，刘易斯将于30日离开北英格兰。S. W.克罗斯。”

第二则启事写道：“如果玛丽星期三（5日）不打电话另行通知，老地方见，早来。W.克罗斯。”

鲍勃用手指一字一字地往下指着。

“第一则启事拼出来是弗罗斯特巷西南区30号，第二则是博物馆街西区5号。启事中

出现星期几时，那就是盗窃的日子。”

20"Bob," Hamelin said, "you've given us the key to something. There were burglaries in both Frost Lane and Museum Row on the dates you've noted here. Both crimes still unsolved. Lieutenant, call the paper and find out exactly where these advertisements came from !"

“鲍勃，”哈梅林说，“你给我们提供了破案的线索。在你提到的日子里，弗罗斯特巷和博物馆街确实发生过盗窃案。这两起案件到现在还没有破。中尉，给报社打电话，弄清这些启事的确切来源！”

21The lieutenant learned that Mr. Cross had mailed the ads to the paper with payment.The city directory showed no such return address as the advertiser had left.

中尉查明克罗斯先生是通过邮局把启示和费用寄给报社的，但在本市住址簿上查不到登启事人的那个回信地址。

22"Well, the only way to get him is to watch the papers," said the inspector.

23"There'll be another ad signed …Cross.' Then we'll trip him up!"

24The following week Bob saw the ad he wanted: "Susan. Awaited letter eight months,can't rest, eat, sleep. Come early next Thursday 8th. N. Cross."

25"8, Salem Crescent, North," Bob said.

26When Bob reached Inspector Hamelin's office, the police already got the information,and Bob was told to return to his job and read about what was going to happen in the newspaper.

“那么，抓到他的唯一方法就是留心看报纸了。”警官说。

“报上还会再出现克罗斯签名的启事，那样的话，我们就可以让他上钩！”

在接下来的一个星期鲍勃看到了他想要看的启事：“苏姗。盼信达八个月之久，心情不宁，寝食不安。下周四（8日）早来。N.克罗斯。”

“塞勒姆街北区8号。”鲍勃说。

鲍勃赶到哈梅林警官的办公室时，警方已获得了这一消息。警方叫鲍勃继续去卖报，从报上了解将要发生的事。

27But for Bob Sugg, that was too uninteresting a way of learning the news. After dark on Thursday night he made his way to Salem Crescent, and hid himself. Every little while hepeeked out and looked at Number 8. Now and then he saw men walking along the street. Then they disappeared in the dim shadows. They must be plain-clothes men, Bob decided, who would hide until the time was ripe to swoop down on the criminals.

但对于鲍勃·萨格来说，这样获得消息太没意思了。星期四天黑以后，他溜达着去了塞勒姆街，躲了起来。每隔一会儿，他就偷偷地看一下8号。他不时地看见有人在街上走着，然后就消失在昏暗的黑影中，鲍勃肯定这些都是便衣警察，他们先躲起来，时机一到就会冲向犯罪分子，将他们一网打尽。

28Hour after hour Bob waited. Now a distant clock was striking one. Then a voice asked,"What are you doing here?"

29It was a man in police uniform.

30"I'm just hanging around Salem Crescent to see the fun," Bob answered. "But there isn't going to be any because the crooks have got on to it. Why haven't you gone home with the rest of the police?" he went on.

鲍勃等了一个小时又一个小时。现在远处的钟声已敲响了一点，就在这时，忽听一个声音问道：“你在这里赶什么？”

这个人穿着警服。

“就在塞勒姆街周围转转，来看热闹。”鲍勃回答。“但现在不会有什么热闹了，因为骗子已经觉察。哎，你怎么没和别的警察一起回家？”他接着问。

31"Who said the rest had gone home?" asked the man.

32"The inspector told me," Bob lied. "He said Mr. Cross had learned we're on to him, and put that last ad in just to mislead us." 33"That's right," nodded the man. "So why didn't you go home, too?"

34Bob looked intently at the man. "I thought I'd stay in case Mr. Cross does turn up."

35"It's lucky for you I'm the one you met," the man said, smiling. "If it had been that criminal with no police around, he'd probably have twisted your neck."

“谁说别的警察都回家了？”那人问。

“警长告诉我的。”鲍勃撒谎道。“他说克罗斯先生已经知道我们盯上他了，登最后那则启事不过是为了迷惑我们。”

“说得对。”那人点头道。“那你为什么不也回家呢？”

鲍勃认真地打量了一下那个人。“我本想待在这里，以防克罗斯先生真的还会出现。”

“算你运气，你遇到的是我而不是别人，”那人笑着说。“如果是遇到了罪犯，周围又没有警察，他很可能扭断你的脖子的。”

36Suddenly Bob clapped his hand against his jacket pocket. "It's gone! The inspector's money belt! I found it, and now I've mislaid it! I must have dropped it!"

37Quickly the man looked down. The next instant he received a hard kick that sent him flying. Then Bob Sugg yelled, and dim figures came running and surrounded the man.

突然鲍勃拍了拍上衣口袋。“糟了，警长的腰包没了！我本来找到了，可现在不知道在哪了，一定是弄丢了！”

那人赶紧往地上看。刹那间，他被狠很地踢了一脚，摔倒在地上。接着鲍勃大声喊叫，那些模糊的人影冲了出来，把那人团团围住。

38"The rest of you were in plain clothes," Bob explained afterwards to the inspector. "So I thought, 'Why isn't this one?' Maybe Mr. Cross had put that last ad in as a test and might come along later to see if he'd been found out. He thought being dressed like a policeman would make him safe. But he looked like a liar to me."

“你们其他的人都穿着便衣，”鲍勃后来给警长解释道。“我想这一位为什么没穿呢？也许克罗斯先生登最后那则广告是为了试探一下，然后再过来看看是否已被发现。他以为穿得象警察就保险了，但我看他就是一个大骗子。”

Lesson Four

The Trashman

John Coleman

Learning Guide

偏见、隔阂与歧视不仅存在于种族之间，也存在于不同的行业之间。社会上对某些工种的歧视尤为深重，如对环卫工人。环卫工人整天与垃圾打交道，难道他们就脏？难道他们的工作就比别的工作低贱？难道对他们就该“鄙”而远之？一位银行家兼大专院校校长为了变换一下生活的节奏，请了两个月的假，去清理垃圾。这两个月的亲身经历，使他对其中的酸甜苦辣体会颇深。他指出了环卫工作的重要，呼吁社会给予清洁工人应有的尊重。

Saturday, April 7

1Steve and I hauled trash for four solid hours without a break of any sort, except for about five minutes when we stopped to talk We got eight hours of pay for cleaning up our route no matter how little time it took.

星期六，四月七日

我和史蒂夫用卡车运送垃圾，整整干了四个小时，除了停下来说了约五分钟的话，没有休息片刻。不管我们用多短的时间清理完这条线路上的垃圾，都是按八小时给我们付酬。

2My shoulder hurt badly each time I put another full barrel on it, and my legs occasionally shook as I started out to the street. But all the rest of me said, “Go, trashman, go.”

每次我把满满的垃圾桶扛上肩头，肩膀就疼得要命，当我走向大街时，有时我的腿都在发抖。但我身体的其它部位鼓励我说：“继续干下去，垃圾清理工，继续干下去。”

3I could not have guessed that there would be joy in this. Dump. Lift. Walk. Lift. Walk. The hours went by quickly.

倒，扛，运，再扛，再运，我过去怎么也不会想到这其中还真有乐趣。很快，几个小时就过去了。

4Saturday meant that most adults were at home on the route. So were school-age children. I thought this might mean more talk back and forth as I made the rounds today. There were many people outdoors, working in their gardens. Most of them looked friendly enough. While I wouldn't have time to talk at length, there was time to exchange the greetings that go with civilized ways.

今天是星期六，住在我们线路上的多数成年人都会在家，上学的孩子也在家。我以为既然是星期六，在我挨家挨户扛垃圾桶时，会与更多的住户相互打招呼或是说上一两句话。许多人都在户外，在花园中干活。他们大多数人看起来都很友好。尽管我没有时间长聊，但相互打个招呼的时间还是有的，这也是文明礼貌的表现。

5That is where I got my shock.

6I said hello in quite a few yards before the message sank in that this wasn't the thing to do.Occasionally, I got a straight

man-to man or woman-to-man reply from someone who looked me in the eye, smiled, and asked either “How are you?” or “Isn't this a nice day?” I felt human then. But most often the response was either nothing at all, or a look of surprise that I had spoken and used familiar words, or a friendly hello.

恰恰在这方面，发生了我根本没有预料到的事情。

我在好几家的院子里主动和主人打招呼，可几次下来忽然明白过来他们是不愿与清洁工打招呼的。偶尔也得到肯正眼看我，肯对我笑，肯对我说“你好！”或者“今天天气真不错！”的男士们或女士们的直接回应。在这个时候我才感到我是一个有血有肉的人。但是在多数情况下，我向他们问好，他们要么完全置之不理，要么就显出惊讶的神色，对我居然开口与他们讲话，居然还使用亲近的词语，或是对他们友好地说声“你好”感到万分诧异。

7Both men and women stared at me and said nothing. A woman in a housecoat was startled as I came around the corner of her house. At the sound of my greeting, she gathered her housecoat tightly about her and moved quickly indoors. I heard the lock click. Another woman had a strange, large animal in her yard. I asked her what kind of dog it was. She gaped at me. I thought she was hard of hearing and asked my question louder. She seemed a little frightened before she turned coldly away.

不管是男人还是女人都瞪大眼睛看着我，一句话也不说。一个穿着宽松长袍的妇女看到我从她家房子拐角走过来时，她大吃了一惊。听到我问好的声音，她裹紧身上的长袍，赶紧进了屋。接着我听到门咔嗒一声锁上了。另一个妇女在她家的院子里有一个又大又奇怪的动物。我问她那是条什么品种的狗。她目瞪口呆地望着我。我还以为她耳朵有点背，于是又大声地问了一遍。她好象也有些害怕，冷冷地转身走开了。

8The nice response came from women alone. From the way they replied and asked after my health, I knew that at the day's end when they listed the nice things they had done, there would be a place on the list for “I spoke to the trashman today.”

友好的回应清一色都是来自女士。她们回答我的问好，并且也向我问好，由此我知道在晚上睡觉前，当她们列举当天做的好事时，一定也会列入这一条：“今天我和清洁工说了几句话。”

9Steve spoke spontaneously about these things on the long ride to the dump.

10“The way most people look at you, you'd think a trashman was a monster. Say hello and they stare at you in surprise. They don't know we're human.

在开车去很远的垃圾场的路上史蒂夫没等我问，就谈起了这些事。

“人们看你的那种神情，就好象清洁工是怪物似的。你要是对他们说声…你好?，他们就会瞪大眼睛看着你。他们不知道我们也是人。

11“One lady had put ashes from the fire in her trashcan. I s aid we couldn't take them.She said, …Who are you to say what goes? You're nothing but a trashman. ' I told her,…Listen, lady, I've got an I. Q. of 137, and I graduated near the top of my high school class. I do this for the money, not because it's the only work I can do. '

“有一位女士把炉灰倒进垃圾箱里，我说我们无法把炉灰弄出来。她说：…你是什么人，也有资格对我指手画脚？你只不过是一个垃圾清理工！?我告诉她：…你听好了，女士，我的智商为137点，以我班几乎最好的成绩高中毕业。我干这个只不过是为了钱，而不是因为这是我唯一能做的事情。?

12“I want to tell them, …Look, I am as clean as you are, ' but it wouldn't help. I don't tell anyone I'm a trashman. I say I'm a truck driver. My family knows, but my in-laws don't. If someone comes right out and asks, …Do you drive for a trash company?' I say yes.

I believe we're doing a service that people need, like being a police officer or a fire fighter. I'm not ashamed of it, but I don't go around boasting about it either.

“我真想告诉他们：…嗨，我说，我可是象你们一样干净。?但这不管用。我从不告诉任何人我是一个垃圾清理工，我把我说成是一个卡车司机。我的家人知道，但我的姻亲不知道。如果友人直截了当地问我：…你是为垃圾清理公司开车吗？?我就老实告诉他们是。我相信我们干的是人民需要的一种服务工作，就象警察或者消防队员一样。我并不觉得丢人，但我也不到处宣扬我是清洁工。

13“A friend of my wife yelled at her kid one day when they were running out to meet a trash truck. …Stay away from those trashmen. They're dirty. ' I was angry with her. …They're as good as we are, 'I told her. …You seem to have a lot of sympathy for

by 2∶00.

不到中午我们的卡车就装满了。我们将垃圾运往垃圾场，一点钟之前又回到我们的线路上继续干，不到两点当天的活就干完了。

15I had planned to stay at this job for only two days. But now I'm going to stay. The exercise is great. The lifting gets easier with every load, even if my left shoulder stays sore. I become faster and neater as time goes by. I'm outdoors in clean air. And, contrary to what people think, I don't get dirty on the job.

我本来计划这个工作只干两天，但我现在决定继续干下去。这种锻炼很好。尽管左肩一直疼痛，但垃圾桶每扛一次，就变得越

容易一些。随着时间的推移，我干得越来越快，越来越利索。我在户外能呼吸到清洁的空气，而且，完全与人们想象不一样的是，这活并没有把我身上弄脏。

16I have made up my mind, too, to go on saying hello in backyards. It doesn't do any harm,and it still feels right. Frankly, I'm proud. I'm doing an essential task, “like a police officer or a fire fighter.” I left this country a little cleaner than I found it this morning Not many people can say that tonight.

我还决心在后院里向户主打招呼。这没有任何害处，我仍然觉得这是对的。坦率地说，我感到很骄傲。我正在做一件很重要的工作，就象警察和消防队员一样。由于我的工作，我们的国家这会儿比今天早晨更干净了一些。没有多少人能自豪地这样说。

17John Gardener has said that a society which praises its philosophers and looks down on its plumbers is in for trouble. “Neither its pipes nor its theories will hold water,” he warns. He might have gone a step further and called for respect for both our economists and our trashmen; otherwise they'll both leave trash behind.

约翰加德纳曾经说过，如果一个社会赞扬哲学家而蔑视管道工，那么这个社会就会陷入困境。“其管道，其理论，都会出问题。”他警告说。他完全还可以进一步呼吁社会既尊重我们的经济学家，又尊重我们的清洁工，否则二者都会给社会留下垃圾。

Lesson Five

The Day I Was Fat

Lois Diaz- Talty

Learning Guide

中国有句古话，不能因人废言。对我们身上的缺点或缺陷，亲朋好友往往视而不见，或因为不愿伤害我们，而尽量回避。有时反而是恶意中伤的人道出了我们真实情况，使我们猛醒。本文作者的一次不愉快的经历，改变了她对生活的态度，成了一生的转折点，使她获益匪浅。

1I was never in great shape. As a child, I was always called "plump." I could never sit Indian-style the way other kids did, and when I made the cheer-leading squad in eighth grade it was because I had a big mouth and a great smile, not because I could do the splits or perform elegant cartwheels. Although I maintained a respectable weight throughout high school, there was always a fat person inside of me just waiting to burst onto the scene.

我的身材一向不苗条。小时侯，人们都说我“丰满”。我从来不能象其他孩子那样挺直腰板盘腿而坐。八年级时，我之所以能当上学校的拉拉队队员，是因为我有一副大嗓门，笑得好看，而不是因为我会劈叉或是会做出漂亮的侧手翻。尽管整个中学阶段我的体重还说的过去，但隐藏在我身体内的那个胖墩却一直在等着登场呢。

2Adulthood, marriage, and settling down had bad effects on my weight: I blew up! The fat lady had finally arrived, saw the welcome mat, and moved right in. No one in my family could tell me I was fat. They knew that I had gained weight, I knew that I had gained weight, and I knew that they knew that I had gained weight. But to discuss the topic was out of the question. Once, my mother said,"You're too pretty to be so heavy"; that was the closest anyone had ever come to calling me fat. Later, my husband teased me because we couldn't lie on the couch together anymore, and I just cried and cried. He never dared to mention it again, but I didn't stop eating.

长大成人，结婚，过安定生活，这一切对我的体重产生了很坏的影响：我一下子像吹气一样鼓了起来。那位胖太太终于来到门口，看着写有“欢迎”字样的蹭脚垫，就径直走了进去。我的家里人没有谁说我胖。他们知道我长胖了，我知道我长胖了，我也知道他们知道我长胖了。但要谈论这个问题简直是不可能的。有一次，妈妈说：“你这么漂亮，不显得胖。”这还真是我听到的最接近说我胖的话。后来，长沙发已经容不下我丈夫和我两个人同时躺下，他于是取笑了我一句，我伤心得哭了好久。后来他再也不敢提这个事了，但我还是没有节制饮食。

3I had just given birth to my first child and was at least fifty pounds overweight.Nonetheless, I remember feeling that that time was the greatest time in my life. I had a beautiful new baby, new furniture, a great husband, and a lovely house. What more could anyone want? Well, I knew what else I wanted: I wanted to be slim and healthy. I just didn't care enough about myself to stop my eating. I tried to lose weight every day, but I couldn't get started.Diets didn't last through lunch, and I got bigger by the day.

我那时刚生下第一个孩子，体重至少超过正常标准五十磅。然而，我记得那段时间是我一生中最美好的日子。我有可爱的小

宝宝，崭新的家具，体贴的丈夫，漂亮的房子，还要什么呢？噢，我知道我还想要别的什么：那就是，要苗条和健康。但我就是太不注意自己的身体，总是不停地吃。我每天都试着减肥，但总是开始不了。早上决心节食，到了午饭又大吃起来，结果变得一天比一天胖。

4One summer afternoon in 1988, as I was headed to the pool with my sister-in-law and our children, I got into an argument with a teenager who was driving fast and tailing our car. When he nearly ran us off the road, I turned around and glared at him to show my disapproval and my concern for our safety. Suddenly, we began shouting at each other. He was about 18, with an ugly, red, swollen face. The few teeth he had were yellow and rotten. He followed us to the pool and, as he pulled into the parking lot behind us, our argument became heated.

1988年夏天的一个下午，我、嫂子，还有我们的孩子驾车去游泳池，路上我与一个十几岁的男孩吵了起来，因为他开车太快，

还紧紧地跟在我们的车后面。有一回他差一点把我们挤出了马路，我转过头去瞪着他，表示我的不满以及对我的安全的担心。突然，我们互相骂了起来。他大约十八岁，一副丑陋红肿的脸孔，几颗牙齿又黄又烂。他跟着我们一直跟到游泳池。当他随着我们把车开进停车场时，我们的争吵变得激烈起来。

5"What's your problem, bitch?" he screamed.

6"You drive like an idiot! That's my problem, okay?"

7When I got out of the car and walked around to get the baby, he laughed to his friend,"Ah, look at her. She's fat! Go to hell, fat bitch." And then they drove away.

8Once inside the gates to the pool, my sister-in-law advised me to forget the wholeincident.

9"Come on," she said. "Don't worry about that boy! Did you see his teeth? He was rude."

“你到底要干什么，你这个泼妇？”他叫嚷道。

“你这个白痴，你怎么开车的？就是要为这事和你评一评理，明白了吗？”

我下了车，走到车的另一边去抱小孩下车，这时，他笑着对他的朋友说：“啊，你看看她，简直就是一个肥婆！去死吧，你这头肥猪！”骂完，他们开车走了。

进了游泳池的大门，嫂子叫我不要去想刚才发生的事。

“好了，”她说：“别为了那小子不高兴啦！你没看到他的牙吗？那是个下三烂的家伙。”

10But I couldn't get his words out of my mind. They stung like a whip. "I'm fat," I thought to myself. "I haven't just put on a few pounds. I can't get rid of my weight easily. I'm just plain fat."Nobody had ever called me fat before, and it hurt terribly. But it was true.

它们就象鞭子抽在我身上。“看来我是胖，”我心想。“而且不仅仅是长胖了一点点。要把体重降下去可能对我不是件容易的事。我明显地就是胖。”以前从没有谁说过我胖，那男孩的话让我非常伤心。但他说的是实话。

11On that very day, as I sat at the pool hoping that nobody would see me in my bathing suit, I promised myself that no one would ever call me fat again. The hideous 18-year-old idiot had spoken the words that none of my loved ones had had the heart to say even though they were true. Yes, I was fat.

就是在那一天，当我坐在游泳池旁，暗自希望千万别让人看到我穿泳衣的样子时，我对自己发誓以后再也不能让人喊我肥婆了。那个丑恶的十八岁的白痴所说的，正是我的亲人谁也不愿说破的实话。我的确是够胖的。

12From then on, I was committed to shedding the weight and getting into shape. I started a rigorous program of running and dieting the very next day. Within months, I joined a gym and managed to make some friends who are still my workout buddies. However, in the past seven years, I've done more than lose weight: I've reshaped my attitude, my lifestyle, and my self-image. Now, I read everything I can about nutrition and health. I'm even considering becoming an aerobics instructor. I cook low-fat foods — chicken, fish, lean meats, vegetables — and I serve my family healthy, protein-rich meals prepared with dietetic ingredients. The children and I often walk to school, ride bikes, roller-blade, and run. Health and fitness have become essential to our household and our lives. But what's really wonderful is that, sometime between that important day in 1988 and today, my

self-image stopped being about how I look and began being about how I feel. I feel energetic, healthy, confident, strong, and pretty. Ironically, the abuse I endured in the parking lot has helped me regain my self-esteem, not just my figure. My body looks good, but my mind feels great!

从那时起，我就下定决心减肥，重塑体形。第二天，我就开始了严格的跑步和节食计划。随后的几个月里，我参加了一个健美操班，在那儿结识了一些朋友，他们今天仍然是我健身的伙伴。然而，在过去的七年中，我的收获不仅仅是减轻了体重。我的处世态度变了，生活方式变了，对自己的看法也发生了变化。现在，有关营养和健康方面的书，能找到的我都看。我甚至还在考虑是不是当一名健美操教练。我做的菜都是低脂肪的——鸡、鱼、瘦肉、蔬菜。我为我的家人准备的都是富含蛋白质、有营养、

有利健康的食物。我和孩子们经常步行去学校，经常骑自行车，溜旱冰，还有跑步。对于我的家人和我们的生活来说，健康和健美已经变得非常重要。不过令我感到最为高兴的是，在1988年那个重要的日子以后不知什么时候开始，我的自我感受变了，我不再关注我的外在形象，而是注重我的内心感受。我感到精力充沛、健康、自信、强壮、漂亮。真是没想到，在停车场受到的辱骂不仅使我重新有了苗条的身材，还使我恢复了自尊心。现在我的体形很棒，精神面貌更棒！

13I hope that the kid from the pool has had his teeth fixed because I'm sure they were one source of his misery. If I ever see him again, I won't tell him that he changed my life in such a special way. I won't let him know that he gave me the greatest gift he could ever give me just by being honest. I won't give him the satisfaction of knowing that the day he called me fat was one of the best days of my life.

但愿在游泳池旁骂我的那个男孩现在已把牙治好了，因为我相信他的那副牙是他苦恼的根源之一。如果我再次见到他，我不会告诉他是他以这样一种特别的方式改变了我的生活，我也不会让他知道他的一句实话等于送给了我一份最丰厚的礼物，我更不会让他知道他骂我肥婆的那天是我生活中最重要的一天而让他感到得意。

Lesson Six

Another School Year—What For?

John Ciardi

Learning Guide

大学的宗旨是什么？上大学的目的又是什么？诚然，大学是培养专门人才的摇篮，但是人们往往忽视了它的另一个重要的作用——用人类历史上一切先进的思想、灿烂的文化陶冶学生，使他们不仅成为各个行业、领域里的专家，还成为文明社会中教养良好、情操高尚的成员。教育不光是教人要掌握一技之长，而且还要教人如何做人。本文作者希望所有的大学生把眼光放宽、放远，明确自己大学期间的双重任务。

1Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at a university. A tall boy came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say:"All right, damn you, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff?" He pointed to the book which was lying on the desk.

我来告诉你我的教学生涯中最早的一次令我啼笑皆非的经历。那是1940年的一月，我刚刚从研究生院毕业，开始了在大学第一学期的教学工作。一个高个子男生来到我的课堂，坐了下来，两臂交叉往胸前一放，看了我一眼，好象在说：“好吧，你这该死的，教我点东西吧。”两个星期后我们开始上《哈姆雷特》。三个星期后，他来到我的办公室，两手叉腰。“喂，”他说，“我到这里来是想成为药剂师的。为什么要我读这玩意儿？”他指着桌子上的那本书。

2New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this boy that he had enrolled, not in a technical training school, but in a university, and that in a university students enroll for both training and education. I tried to put it this way. "For the rest of your life," I said,"your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours. For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep, and I suppose you need neither education nor training to get you through that third of your life."

虽然我是一名新教师，我也完全可以告诉这名学生，他现在上的是大学而不是技术培训学校，在大学里学生接受的是教育而不仅仅是培训。我试着向他这样解释：“你的一生中，每天平均二十四小时，其中大约有八个小时要睡觉，我想这三分之一的时间，你既不需要培训也不必受教育。

3"Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed. Suppose you have gone through pharmacy school — or engineering, or law school, or whatever — during those eight hours you will be using your professional skills. You will see to it during this third of your life that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, or

that your client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence.These involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you good basic satisfactions. Along with everything else, they will probably be what provides food for your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. They will be your income, and may it always be sufficient."

“然后，每个工作日的另外八个小时里，你将从事有用的职业。假设你读完了药学院，或是工学院，法学院还是别的什么学院，在工作的八小时里你将应用你的专业技能。在你生命的这三分之一的时间里，当药剂师你的责任就是不把氰化钠弄到阿司匹林里去，当工程师就不能让工程失控，当律师就要做到你的当事人不会因为你不称职而上电椅。所有这些都涉及到人人都必须尊重的技能，这些技能能满足你最基本的需求。除了满足其它的需求之外，你所从事的职业将是你养家糊口的经济来源。这些职业是你收入的来源，愿你的收入永远够用。

4"But having finished the day's work, what do you do with those other eight hours — with the other third of your life? Let's say you go home to your family. What sort of family are you raising? Will the children ever be exposed to a profound idea at home? We all think of ourselves as citizens of a great civilization. Civilizations can exist, however, only as long as they remain intellectually alive. Will you be head of a family that maintains some basic contact with the great continuity of civilized intellect? Or is your family life going to be merely beer on ice? Will there be a book in the house? Will there be a painting? Will your family be able to speak English and to talk about an idea.? Will the kids ever get to hear Bach?"

“但是在你完成你的工作之后，还有另外八小时的时间，也就是说你生命中的另外三分之一的时间你怎么度过？比如说你回到家与你的家人呆在一起，那么你要把你的子女培养成什么样的人？孩子们在家里能接触到深邃的思想吗？我们都自认为我们是伟大文明社会的成员，然而文明只有保持其创造性，才能存在。将来你成为一家之主的时候，你的家庭是否对整个人类文明思想有起码的了解？或者你下班回到家之后，是不是在家里只知道喝冰镇啤酒？你家里有书吗？有画吗？你的家人能不能说英语？能不能就一个话题发表意见？你的孩子能不能有机会听到巴赫的音乐？”

5That is about what I said, but this boy was not interested."Look," he said, "you professors raise your kids your way; I'll take care of my own. Me, I'm out to make money."

6"I hope you make a lot of it," I told him, "because you're going to be badly in need of something to do when you're not signing checks."

我说的大致是这些，可是那个学生根本就不感兴趣。“得，”他说，“你们这些教授按你们的办法教育小孩，我的孩子我管。我呀，我要挣大钱。”

“我希望你能挣到很多钱，”我对他说，“因为你要是不赚钱去买东西就会难受的。”

7Fourteen years later, I am still teaching, and I am here to tell you that the business of the college is not only to train you, but to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought. If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development we call history then you have no business being in college. You are on your way to being the mechanized savage, the push-button savage.

十四年过去了，我仍然在教书。在这里我仍要给你说的是，大学的任务不仅仅是对你进行培训，还要向你介绍人类最伟大人物的思想。如果你不愿抽出时间读莎士比亚的作品，学点最基础的哲学，学点艺术，学点我们称为历史的人类发展过程，那么你就不该来上大学。你就会成为一个机械化的野蛮人，一个只会按按钮的野蛮人。

8No one becomes a human being unaided. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human.

谁也不可能在没有人的帮助下就能成为一个文明人。要是全靠自己去创造成为文明人所应有的一切知识，一辈子的时间也是不够的。

9Any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics knows more about physics than did many of the great scientists of the past. You know more because they left you what they knew. The first course in any science is essentially a history course. You have to begin learning what the past learned for you.

你们今天的年轻人，只要在中学的物理课上没有睡觉，比过去许多伟大的科学家都懂得的多。你之所以比他们懂得的多是因为他们把他们的知识留给了你。任何一门科学的第一课实质上都是历史课，因为刚开始你必须学习前人已经获取并流传给你的知识。

10This is true of the techniques of mankind. It is also true of mankind's spiritual resources. Most of these resources, both technical and spiritual, are stored in books. When you have read a book, you have added to your human experience. Read Homer and your mind includes a piece of Homer's mind. Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and experience of Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare — the list is endless. For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have not time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time. A civilized mind is one that contains many such lives and many such worlds. If you are too much in a hurry, or too proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle or Einstein, then you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a civilization.

人类技术的发展是如此，人类精神财富的积累也是如此。这些财富，不管是技术方面的，还是精神方面的，大都储存在书本里。多读一本书，你就多增加一份经验。读一读荷马的史诗，你的头脑里就有了一些荷马的思想。通过读书，你至少能获得维吉尔、但丁、莎士比亚等无数前人的一点点思想火花与人生经验，因为一部伟大的著作就是一份厚礼，它使你经历你一生中没有时间去亲身经历的生活，把你带到一个你在现实中没有时间去遨游的世界。一个文明人的头脑里包含着许许多多这样的生活经历和这样的世界。如果你匆匆忙忙急着去赚钱，或者对自己有限的知识而自鸣得意，从而把亚里士多德或者爱因斯坦的思想这个提高你的品德修养的礼物拒之门外，那么你既不是一个发展到成熟阶段的人，也不是一个文明社会有用的成员。

11I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include.

我认为，要是一所大学不能使你们学生无论作为专门人才还是普通人，去接触你们的头脑应该有的那些大师们的思想，那么，这所大学就没有真正的办学宗旨，也就没有存在的必要了。

Lesson Seven

The Great Idea of Mr. Budd (Ⅰ)

Dorothy L. Sayers

Learning Guide

巴德先生在伦敦开了一家不起眼的理发店，生意还算得过去。自从对面的女士美发厅开业以来，巴德先生理发店的顾客就越来越少了，看到对手的店里总是门庭若市，他实在是忿忿不平。论手艺，他比对手强得多，尤其是他那染发的绝艺，那是多年潜心钻研的结果，现在却无用武之地。日子不好过，巴德先生时刻留心有什么挣钱的机会。一天，报上一则悬赏缉拿一名杀人嫌疑犯的消息引起了他的注意。这可是一个机会……

1￡500 REWARD

2The Evening Messenger has decided to offer the above reward to any person who gives information which results in the arrest of William Strickland, who is wanted by the police in connection with the murder of Emma Strickland in Manchester.

悬赏500英镑

威廉·斯特里克兰因涉嫌发生在曼彻斯特的埃玛·斯特里克兰谋杀案受到警方的通缉，《晚间信使报》向任何一位提供线索能使警方逮捕威廉·斯特里克兰的人奖励以上所设的赏金。

3DESCRIPTION OF THE WANTED MAN

4This is the official description of William Strickland: Age forty-three; height about six feet one inch; thick silver-grey hair, which may be dyed; full grey beard, but may now have been shaved off; light grey eyes; large nose; strong white teeth, of which some are filled with gold; left thumbnail damaged by a recent blow.

嫌疑犯的特征

这是官方提供的对威廉·斯特里克兰特征的描述：四十三岁；身高六英尺一英寸；头发浓密，银灰色，有可能染发；络腮胡，灰色，但可能已刮掉；浅灰色眼睛；大鼻子；大白牙，有几颗用黄金镶填过；左手大拇指指甲最近受到损伤。

5Mr. Budd read the description carefully. There were hundreds of barbers' shops in London. It was unlikely that William Strickland would choose his small shop for a haircut, a shave or even to have his hair dyed. Three weeks had passed since the murder, and it seemed very probable that William Strickland had already left the country. But in spite of this Mr. Budd memorised the description as well as possible. There was a chance. These were difficult times for Mr. Budd, and he was attracted by any opportunity of making money.

巴德先生认真地看完了对嫌疑犯特征的描述。在伦敦有几百家理发店，威廉·斯特里克兰不太可能选他的这家小理发店理发、修面、染发。谋杀案已发生三个星期了，威廉·斯特里克兰很可能已经离开英国。但即使这样，巴德先生还是尽可能地记住了嫌疑犯的特征。毕竟还是有机会的。近来巴德先生的日子不好过，任何挣钱的机会对他来说都是很有吸引力的。

6It may seem strange that, in an age when it was fashionable for ladies to have their hair styled, Mr. Budd should search for opportunities of making money. But recently a new "Ladies Hairdressing Department" had opened opposite. The result was an endless stream of young ladies who hurried there to make appointments. Day after day, Mr. Budd watched them going in and out of the rival shop and hoped that some of them would come over to him; but they never did. And yet Mr. Budd knew that he was the better hairdresser. He had studied especially the art of hair-dyeing, and it made him quite angry to see the careless way in which his rival did this particular branch of his work.

女士们去发廊做头发已经成为时尚，在这样的时代里，巴德先生却仍要寻找机会挣钱，这件事看来还真有些不可思议。可是前不久对面新开了一家“女士美发厅”，结果这家美发厅总是不断地有许许多多的年轻女士们去预约。日复一日，巴德先生看着她们从他的竞争对手那里出出进进，他是多么希望她们当中有些人会到他的理发店里来啊，但她们从没来过。然而巴德先生心里却明白他的理发技术要比对手强。他专门学过染发这门技艺，看到他的对手马马虎虎地干着他特别擅长的活，他很是生气。

7Mr. Budd put the newspaper down and, as he did so, caught sight of his face in the mirror.He was not the sort of man who catches a violent murderer by himself. Even with a razor, he would be no match for William Strickland, who had murdered his old aunt so violently. Mr. Budd shook his head doubtfully and walked towards the door to watch the busy shop opposite. As he did so, he nearly ran into a large man who suddenly came in through the doorway.

巴德先生放下报纸，这时他在镜中看到了自己的脸。他可不是单枪匹马就能抓获一个凶狠杀人犯的那种人。即使是拿着刮胡刀，他也不是威廉·斯特里克兰的对手，那可是残杀了自己老姑妈的家伙呢。巴德先生摇了摇头，对于自己能否对付得了威廉·斯特里克兰一点也没有把握。他向门口走去，看到对面的理发店很是红火。就在这时，他差点撞上了一位突然闯进来的高个子男子。

8"I beg your pardon, sir," said Mr. Budd politely, not wanting to lose any money. "Would you like a shave, sir?"

9The large man quickly took off his coat.

10"Are you ready to die?" he asked fiercely.

“对不起，先生。”巴德先生客气地说，他不想失去挣钱的机会。“修面吗，先生？”

高个子男子很快脱去了外套。

“想死吗？”他凶狠很地问。

11The question was so close to Mr. Budd's thoughts about murder that for a moment he was quite frightened.

12"I beg your pardon, sir," he managed to say at last.

13"Do you dye hair?" said the man impatiently.

14"Oh!" said Mr. Budd, feeling relieved, "yes, sir, certainly."

这个问题与巴德先生想到的谋杀案如此贴近，他一时被吓呆了。

“对不起，先生，您说什么？”他好不容易开口问道。

“染发吗？”那人不耐烦地说。

“噢，”巴德先生松了一口气，“是的，先生，当然。”

15This was a stroke of luck. He could get a good price for dyeing."Good," said the man,sitting down and allowing Mr. Budd to put a cloth about his neck. "The fact of the matter is that my young lady doesn't like red hair. I thought that perhaps it could be changed to something less noticeable. Dark brown is the colour that she would like. What do you think?"

真走运，染发的价格可比别的高。“好，”那人说着坐了下来，让巴德先生在他的脖子上围了一块罩布。“老实说，是我的未婚妻不喜欢我的红头发，我想，也许可以把头发染成某种不显眼的颜色。深褐色是她喜欢的颜色，你觉得怎么样？”

16Mr. Budd, in the interests of business, agreed that dark brown would be very nice.Besides, it was very likely that there was no young lady. When a man is going to do something foolish he prefers, if possible, to put the responsibility on to someone else.

为了做成这笔生意，巴德先生随声附和地说深褐色挺好。再说，也许他根本就没有什么未婚妻。一个人要是执意要做什么蠢事，只要可能，他总喜欢把责任推到别人身上。

17"Very well, then," said the man, "carry on. And I'm afraid that the beard must go. My young lady doesn't like beards."

18The man sat back, and Mr. Budd noticed strong, well-kept teeth, one of which was filled with gold.

“那很好，”那人说。“开始染吧。还有，恐怕胡子也得刮掉。我的未婚妻不喜欢胡子。”

那人很舒适地靠到椅子上，这时巴德注意到他那保养得挺好的坚固牙齿，不过其中一颗是镶了金的。

19"I see that you have used a dye before, sir," said Mr. Budd."Could you tell me —?"

20"Eh?" said the man. "Oh, yes — well the fact is that my young lady is much younger than I am. You can see that my hair began to go grey early in my life and so I had it dyed.But she doesn't really like the colour. I should change it to a colour she does like, eh?"

“先生，我看你以前曾经染过发，”巴德先生说。“你能不能告诉我……？”

“嗯？”那人说。“噢，是的。我的未婚妻比我年轻许多。你能看到我的头发很早就变成了灰白色，所以我把它染了。可她并不喜欢这种颜色。我应该把它染成她喜欢的颜色，对不对？”

21Mr. Budd got from the man the name of the dye which had been used before and decided that he would have to be careful. Some dyes do not mix well with other dyes. He shaved off the beard. He washed the hair and then began to dry it. Meanwhile, he talked about sport and politics, and passed on naturally to the Manchester murder.

巴德先生从这位顾客那里了解到他以前使用过的染发剂的名称，决定要小心操作。有的染发剂与别的染发剂不太相融。他刮胡子，洗头发，然后又开始把头发吹干。与此同时，他聊起了体育、政治，随后话题很自然地转到了曼彻斯特谋杀案。

22"The police seem to have given up in despair," said the man.

23"Perhaps the reward will help," said Mr. Budd who was still thinking of the subject.

24"Oh, there's a reward, is there? I hadn't seen that."

25"It's in this evening's paper, sir. Would you like to have a look at it?"

26"Thanks, yes, I would."

“警方好象觉得没有希望，已经放弃了。”那人说。

“没准赏金能起些作用呢，”巴德先生仍然在想着这件事，说道。

“噢，还有赏金？我可从没看到过。”

“在这份晚报上，先生。你想看看吗？”

“谢谢，是的，想看看。”

27Mr. Budd fetched the Evening Messenger. The stranger read the article carefully and Mr. Budd, watching him in the mirror, saw him suddenly pull back his left hand, which had been resting carelessly on the arm of the chair. But not before Mr. Budd had seen the misshapen thumbnail.

巴德先生取来《晚间信使报》。陌生人仔细地读着文章，巴德先生就从镜子里观察他，看到他把原来随意放在椅子扶手上的左手突然缩了回去。但是巴德先生已经看到了他拇指残缺的指甲。

28The man looked up sharply and Mr. Budd saw his eyes watching him closely in the mirror. He was examining Mr. Budd's face to find out how much he knew.

那人猛然抬起头来，巴德先生发现他的眼睛从镜子里紧盯着自己。他在仔细地观察巴德先生的表情，想弄明白巴德先生到底知道了多少底细。

29"I've no doubt," said Mr. Budd, "that the man is safely out of the country by now. They've offered the reward too late, I think." 30The man laughed.

31"I think they have," he said. Mr. Budd wondered whether many men who had a damaged left thumb also had an upper tooth filled with gold.

“毫无疑问，”巴德先生说，“这个人现在已经安然逃离英国。我想，他们提供的赏金太晚了。”

那人笑了起来。

“我想也是，”他说。巴德先生心下琢磨，左手拇指有伤同时又有一颗上牙镶了金的人能有多少。

Lesson Eight

The Great Idea of Mr. Budd (Ⅱ)

Dorothy L. Sayers

Learning Guide

巴德先生断定他的顾客就是通缉犯。怎么办?他完全可以让那个杀人凶手染完发之后，安然离开，但那不是他的初衷，他决意拿到赏金。跑出去叫人，不可行。用刮胡子刀逼他就范，看来也行不通。前人的一句名言"知识就是力量"使他茅塞顿开。他那高超的染发技术，不仅帮助警方将嫌疑犯捉拿归案，还意想不到地使他的生意从此红火起来。他用的是什么绝技呢？

1Mr. Budd finished drying the man's head and began to comb the hair which nature had never, never made such a deep red.

巴德先生为那人吹干了头，开始梳理他的头发，那种深红色绝不可能是头发天生的颜色。

2"Be as quick as you can, won't you?" said the man pleasantly, but a little impatiently. "It's getting late. I'm afraid that I'll keep you late."

3"Not at all, sir," said Mr. Budd. "It doesn't matter in the least."

你尽量快点，行不行？”那人和颜悦色，但又有点不耐烦地说。“天已不早了，我怕耽误你下班。”

“哪里，先生，”巴德先生说。“没关系，一点也没关系。”

4No — if he tried to rush out of the door, this terrible man would jump on him, drag him back and break his head open as he had done to his aunt.

不行，要是他试图冲出门外，这个凶狠的家伙一定会扑上来，把他拽回去，然后象对待他姑妈那样，叫他的脑袋也开花。

5But Mr. Budd was certainly in a position of advantage. A determined man would be out in the street before the man could get out of the chair. Mr. Budd began to move round cautiously towards the door.

不过，巴德先生肯定处于优势。他要是行动果断，完全可以在那人还没来得及站起来之前，就冲到大街上了。巴德先生小心翼翼地转过身，开始慢慢向门口挪动。

6"What's the matter?" said the man.

7"I was just going outside to look at the time, sir," said Mr. Budd, pausing obediently.

8"It's twenty-five minutes past eight," said the man. "I'll pay extra for keeping you late."

“怎么啦？”那人问。

“我想出去看看几点钟了，先生。”巴德先生一边说着，一边乖乖地停了下来。

“是八点二十五分，”那人说，“把你弄得这么晚，我会多付钱的。”

9"Certainly not, sir," said Mr. Budd. It was too late now. He couldn't make another attempt.Was it really too late? He could take a razor, go up quietly behind the unsuspecting man and say in a firm, loud voice: "William Strickland, put up your hands. Your life is in my hands.Stand up until I take your gun away. Now walk straight out to the nearest policeman. But Mr.Budd couldn't seriously believe that the attempt would succeed. If he held the razor to the man's throat and said, "Put up your hands." the man would probably seize him by the wrist and take the razor away.

“先生，您不必。”巴德先生说。已经太晚了。他不能再做一次尝试。真的太晚了吗？他可以拿着刮胡刀，悄悄地走到没有起任何疑心的那位男子后面，用坚定而又宏亮的声音说：“威廉·斯特里克兰，举起手来，你的性命在我的手里。站起来，让我缴了你的枪。现在，你径直走出去，走到附近最近的警察那里去。”不过，巴德先生不可能真的认为这一招能奏效。假如他拿着刮胡刀逼住那人的咽喉，说：“举起手来！”那人很可能会抓住他的手腕，把刮胡刀夺走。

10Mr. Budd told himself that he didn't have to arrest the man."Information which results in the arrest" — those were the words. It was at this moment that Mr. Budd had his Great Idea.

11As he fetched a bottle from the glass-fronted case, he remembered with great clearness, an old wooden paper-knife that had belonged to his mother. On the handle had been painted the words "Knowledge is Power."

巴德先生想他不一定非要自己去抓捕那个人。“提供情况使警方抓捕到此人”——通告是这样说的。就在这一刻，巴德先生突然

想起了一个绝妙的主意。

当他从正面镶有玻璃的架子上取一只瓶子时，他清楚地记起了曾经属于他母亲的一把旧木制裁纸刀，刀柄上漆着这样几个字——“知识就是力量。”

12Mr. Budd experienced a strange feeling of freedom and confidence. He made light conversation as he skilfully dyed the man's hair dark brown.

13The streets were less crowded when Mr. Budd let him out. He watched the tall figure cross the square and get onto a bus.

巴德先生突然奇妙地感到一种说不出来的轻松和自信。他一边跟顾客闲聊着，一边小试身手巧妙地把他的头发染成深褐色。

当巴德先生送他出门时，街上的行人少了许多。他看着那个高个子背影穿过广场，上了公共汽车。

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到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。 我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。 开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译

Unit1如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯 1.在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。 2.优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。 3.如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。 4.语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。 5.准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想象。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。 6.另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 7.恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。 8.优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。 9.在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、