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高级口译笔记——文化交流（Cultural Exchange）

一、词汇

汉字的四声（平声、上声、仄声和去声）the four tones of Chinese characters, namely, the level tone, the rising tone, the falling-rising tone, and the falling tone

笔画stroke

部首radical

偏旁basic character component

象形文字pictograph

独角戏monodrama/one-man play

皮影戏shadow play

折子戏opera highlights

单口相声monologue comic talk

对口相声comic cross talk

说书monologue story-telling

传说legend

神话mythology

寓言fable

武术martial art

气功controlled breathing exercise

气功疗法breathing technique therapy

春联spring couplet

剪纸paper-cut

戏剧脸谱theatrical mask

草药的四气：寒、热、温、凉four properties of medicinal herb: cold, hot, warm and cool

草药的五味：酸、苦、甘、辛、咸five tastes of medicinal herb: sour, bitter, sweet, hot and salty

二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms

天干地支the heavenly stems and earthly branches

清明节the Pure Brightness Day

端午节the Dragon Boat Festival

中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival

文化事业cultural undertaking

民族文化national culture

民间文化folk culture

乡土文化native/country culture

跨文化交流cross-cultural communication

文化冲击culture shock

表演艺术performing art

舞台艺术stage art

流行艺术popular/pop art

高雅艺术elegant/high art

电影艺术cinematographic art

十四行诗sonnet

三幕六场剧 a three-act and six-scene play

音乐舞台剧musical

复活节Easter

万圣节Halloween

内容与形式的统一unity of content and form

古为今用，洋为中用。

Make the past serve the present and the foreign serve China.

中国是一个历史悠久、文化灿烂的多民族国家。

China is a multinational country with a long history and splendid culture.

文化交流不是让外国文化吞没自己的文化，而是为了丰富和充实本民族的文化。

Cultural exchange is by no means a process of losing one’s won culture to a foreign culture, but one of inriching a nation’s own culture.

二、练习

【难度指数】☆☆☆

【难易程度】a piece of cake

筷子起源于中国，现在许多亚洲国家都使用它。第一批筷子是骨头或玉制成的。在春秋时期出现了铜制和铁制的筷子。

在古代，富人家用玉或金子制成筷子以显示其家庭的富有。许多帝王有银制的筷子来检查他们的食物是否被投了毒。

友情提示：

筷子：chopsticks

玉：jade

高级口译笔记——旅游观光（Tourism）

一、词汇

中国国家旅游局China National Tourism Administration

中国国际旅行社China International Travel Service

旅游管理局tourist administration burear

旅行社travel service/agency

旅游公司tourism company

春/秋游spring/autumn outing

假日旅行vacation tour

目的地destination

自然景观natural scenery/attraction

人文景观places of historic figures and cultural heritage

名山大川famous mountains and great rivers

名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites

佛教名山famous Buddhist mountain

五岳five great mountains

避暑山庄mountain resort

度假胜地holiday resort

避暑胜地summer resort

自然保护区nature reserve

国家公园national park

旅游景点tourist attraction

古建筑群ancient architectural complex

园林建筑garden architecture

山水风光scenery with mountains and rivers

诱人景色inviting views

湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills

青山绿水green hills and clear waters

景色如画picturesque views

金石印章metal and stone seals

石刻碑文stone inscriptions

天下第一泉the finest spring under heaven

石舫stone boat

水榭waterside house

莲花池lotus pond

国画traditional Chinese painting

山水/水墨画landscape/ink painting

手工艺品artifact; handicrafts

陶器earthenware

折扇folding fan

木/竹/贝雕wood/bamboo/shell carving

联合国教科文组织UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 国民生产总值GNP gross national product

国内生产总值GDP gross domestic product

二、例句

1.桂林山水甲天下，阳朔山水甲桂林。

Guilin landscape tops those elsewhere, and Yangshuo landscape tops that of Guilin.

2.这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。

The temple has a long history dating back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty.

3.该城市有全国规模最大、最负盛名的园林。

The city boasts the largest and the most famous garden in the country.

三、练习

上海市英语高级口译资格证书实考试题

【难度指数】☆☆☆

【难易程度】适中

加拿大幅员辽阔，其面积仅次于俄罗斯。可是它只有2600万人，是联合王国人口的一半还不到。

国土的三分之一覆盖着森林，还有大片的草原，无数的湖泊和河流。其气候差异甚大。

除了温哥华以外，冬天异常寒冷。加拿大的夏天总的来说天气暖和，特别是内陆地区，因此你只需要轻薄的衣服。

温哥华Vancouver

高级口译笔记——人物访谈(Interview)

VOCABLULARY

采访人interviewer

被采访人interviewee

常驻记者resident correspondent

特派记者staff correspondent

驻外国记者foreign correspondent

现场报道on-the-spot report; live report

新闻发布会news briefing

记者招待会press/news conference

消息灵通人士well-informed source

权威人士/来源authoritative source

可靠消息reliable news

新闻/通讯稿news release

头条新闻top/headline news

标题新闻headline news

内幕新闻inside story

花边新闻box news

时事current news

杂闻sidelights

专题报道special report

专栏作家columnist

特约撰稿人staff writer

自由撰稿人free-lancer

无可奉告no comment

记者证press card

通讯社news agency

新华社Xinhua News Agency

路透社（英）Reuter’s News Agency

美联社（美）Associated Press

塔斯社（俄）TASS; Telegraphic Agency of Soviet Union 每日电讯报（英）The Daily Telegraph

纽约时报The New York Times

华尔街时报The Wall Street Journal

华盛顿邮报The Washington Post

高级口译笔记——信息时代（The Information Age）

第一部分词汇

新兴产业emerging industry

朝阳产业sunrise industry

网络产业Internet industry

虚拟现实virtual reality

虚拟商店virtual store

兼容性计算机平台compatible computing platform

微型浏览器microbrowser

宽带技术broadband technology

拨号上网调制解调器dial-up modem

交互式多媒体interactive multimedia

交互式电子书籍interactive e-book

界面interface

无线掌上导航器wireless palm pilot

蜂窝通信cellular communications

家用电器household electrical appliances

局域网Intranet

网站website

网民netizen

网吧cybercafe

网络世界cyber world

网上贸易cyberbusiness

网上交易networked transaction

上市be listed on the stock market

市值stock value

税后利润after-tax profit

中国证监会China Securities Regulatory Commision

纳斯达克NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations

ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line，不对称数字订阅线路

Delphi：读音／′delfai／，特尔斐，古希腊城市名，被古希腊人当成世界的中心，因有阿波罗神殿而出名。在电脑英语中指美国宝兰(Borland)公司的一种可视化、面向对象、事件驱动的电脑编程语言。

DLL：Dynamic Link Library, 动态链接库

DNS: Domain Name System，域名系统

FTP: File Transfer Protocol，文件传输协议

Ghost: General Hardware Oriented System Transfer，全面硬件导向系统转移

HTML: HyperText Markup Language，超文本标记语言

HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议

IP: Internet Protocol，网际协议

ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network，综合服务数字网络

ISP: Internet Service Provider，因特网服务提供商

Java：由美国太阳(Sun)公司推出的新型面向对象程序设计语言。Java集面向对象、平台无关性、稳固性、安全性、多线程等诸多特性于一体，增加了异常处理、网络编程等方面的功能，特别适合于Internet应用的开发，是实现“一个世界，一个网络”构想的关键。用Java编写的各类软件能真正做到“Write Once,Run anywhere(一次写成，到处运行)”，也就是说，相同的软件可在不同计算机上运行，无论是PC机、苹果机、UNIX计算机、还是顶置盒、PDA(个人数据助理)乃至智能元器件无一例外。

LAN: Local Area Network，局域网

MIDI：Musical Instrument Digital Interface,乐器数字接口

MPEG：是Motion Picture Experts Group的，运动图像专家组

MSN: Microsoft Network，微软网络

OCR：Optical Character Recognition, 光学字符识别

OEM：Original Equipment Manufacturer, 原始设备制造商

RAM：Random Access Memory，随机存储器，即人们常说的“内存”。

ROM：Read－Only Memory，只读存储器。

第二部分例句

据中国因特网信息中心的统计数据，中国的公共网络已覆盖365个城市，上网电脑达520万台，经常上网者达1,260万人以上，网址有32,000个。

According to statistics from China Internet Network Information Center, the public network covers 365 cities, and the number of on-line computers reached 5.2 million, with 12.6 million regular Internet users and 23,000 web sites.

今天的因特网具有强大的通信功能，它可以提供电子邮件、即时信息和聊天室等多种通信方式。

Today’s Internet is a powerful way to communicate, including e-mail, instant messaging and chatroom services.

关注未来因特网的最佳方法是了解今日的因特网存在着什么问题。

The best way of looking at the Internet of the future is to ask what is wrong with today’s.

今天，商务和通信二十四小时不停地进行着。在有线电视的新闻节目中所报道的事件不是在几点钟发生，而是在一个小时或30分钟前发生。当地时间已不再是一个有意义的时间标志。

Today, commerce and communications never cease but go around the clock. On cable-TV news shows, events did not happen at which hour, but an hour or 30 minutes ago. Local time is no longer the meaning marker of events.

高级口译笔记——饮食文化（Catering Culture）

VOCABLULARY

烹调术cookery

色、香、味color, aroma and taste

佐料seasoning

刀功slicing technique

清炒plain-frying

煸stir-frying

爆quick-frying

炸deep-frying

煎pan-frying

焙roasting

清蒸steaming

氽quick-boiling

熏smoking

腌salting

食谱recipe

回锅肉twice-cooked pork slices in brown sauce

炸猪排fried pork chop

北京烤鸭roast Beijing duck

什锦炒蔬stir-fried mixed vegetables

酸辣汤hot and sour soup

鸡茸蘑菇汤cream of mushroom with chicken

主食staple food

馒头steamed bread

米饭steamed rice

扬州炒饭Yangchow fried rice

冷面cold noodle

炒米粉fried ground rice noodles

炸酱面noodles with fried brown sauce paste

油条fried twisted stick

锅贴pan-fried dumping

花卷steamed twisted roll

小笼包子steamed meat dumpling

粽子rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves

黑啤dark beer

黄酒/花雕酒yellow rice wine

烈酒spitits/ strong liquor

白干white liquor

佐餐酒table wine

（酒）加冰块的on the rocks

（酒）不加冰块的straight up

小啜sip

矿泉水mineral water

红茶black tea

清咖啡black coffee

全脂/脱脂奶whole/skim milk

酸奶yoghurt

粟子chestnut

马蹄梨water chestnut

莲子lotus seed

藕lotus root

猕猴桃kiwi fruit

山楂haw

枣Chinese date

餐前开胃点心appretizer

主菜main course

附菜side dish

餐后甜食dessert

什锦色拉mixed fruit salad with ham

什锦水果圣代mixed fruit sundae

民族风味餐ethnic food

小吃snack

冷盘cold dish

点心pastry

餐桌圆转盘Lazy Susan

PRACTICE

Translate the following passage into English

评判中餐烹调的优劣可依据中餐的三大要素，即“色、香、味”。“色”作为“色、香、味”三要素中的首要标准，充分体现在宴会菜肴的装盘、摆放和图案上。最能显示色彩的是首先上桌的好道煞费苦心而精心制作的冷盘。“香”不仅是指鼻子对食物的直接感受，它还包括所选原料的新鲜成度以及佐料的合理搭配。“味”则体现了恰到好处的调味艺术，当然它也包括食物的质地，以及切菜的刀功。色、香、味这三大要素的高品质，只有通过选料、调料、适时烹调、把握火候、装盘上桌这些微妙步骤的细心协调，才能取得。

高级口译笔记——谚语口译（Interpreting Proverbs）③三、形异意合的谚语，这类谚语常常会被望“形”生“意”，造成误译。

1. A bad conscience is a snake in one’s heart.

做贼心虚。

2. Accidents will happen.

天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。

3. A clear conscience is a sure card.

为人不做亏心事，半夜不怕鬼敲门。

4. A hedge between keeps friendship green.

君子之交淡如水。

5. All your swans are geese.

事与愿违。

6. As you make the bed, so you must lie in it.

自食其果。

7. A watched pot never boils.

心急吃不了热豆腐。

8. Count one’s chickens before they are hatched.

盲目乐观。

9. Danger is next neighbor to security.

塞翁失马，安知非福？

10. Do in Rome as Romans do.

入乡随俗。

11. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.

顺其自然。

12. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.

三个和尚无水吃。

13. Justice has long arms.

天网恢恢，疏而不漏。

14. He knows most who speaks least./Still water runs deep.

大智若愚。

15. Late fruit keeps well.

大器晚成。

16. Many kiss the baby by the name of the nurse’s sake.

醉翁之意不在酒。

17. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises.

祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。

18. Names are debts.

树大招风。

19. Nothing venture, nothing have.

不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

20. Rest breeds rust.

生命在于运动。

21. Rome was not built in a day.

冰冻三尺非一日之寒。

22. Save your breath to cool your porridge.

各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜。

23. Short pleasure, long lament.

一失足成千古恨。

24. Stick together through thick and thin.

患难与共。

25. Take things as they come.

既来之则安之。

26. The pot calls the kettle black.

五十步笑一百步。

27. The shepherd would rather lose the wool than the sheep. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

28. Things done cannot be undone.

木已成舟。/覆水难收。

29. True blue will never stain.

真金不怕火炼。

30. You cannot make a crab walk straight.

江山易移，本性难改。

高级口译笔记——谚语口译(Interpreting Proverbs)②二、形似意合的谚语

1. A new broom sweeps clean.

新官上任三把火。

2. All roads lead to Rome./ All rivers run into the sea.

殊途同归。

3. As a man sows, so he shall reap.

种瓜得瓜，和豆得豆。

4. A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan.

燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。

5. A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.

身正不怕影儿斜。

6. A word spoken is past recalling.

一言既出，驷马难追。

7. Beat the dog before the lion.

杀鸡儆猴。

8 Better an open enemy than a false friend.

明枪易躲，暗箭难防。

9. Diamond cut diamond.

强中更有强中手。

10. Do one thing under cover of another.

明修栈道，暗度陈仓。

11. Dogs bite in every country.

天下乌鸦一般黑。

12. Every potter praises his pot.

王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。

13. Fine feathers make fine birds.

佛要金装，人要衣装。

14. Gifts blind the eyes.

拿了手短，吃了嘴软。

15. Good wine needs no bush.

酒香不怕巷子深。

16. Have a card up one’s sleeve.

胸有成竹。

17. He cries wine and sells vinegar.

挂羊头，卖狗肉。

18. He takes a spear to kill a fly.

杀鸡用牛刀。

19. In for a penny, in for a pound.

一不做，二不休。

20. It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion.

宁为鸡首，不为牛后。

21. It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace./ Better die with honor than live with shame. 宁可玉碎，不为瓦全。

22. Judge not a book by its cover.

人不可貌相，海不可斗量。

23. Kill two birds with one stone.

一箭双雕。/一石二鸟。

24. Let sleeping dogs lie.

勿打草惊蛇。

25. Love me, love my dog.

爱屋及屋。

26. Much will have more.

得陇望蜀。/得寸进尺。

27. Once bit, twice shy.

一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

28. Peace on the forehead and war in the mind.

口蜜腹剑。

29. Put the cart before the horse.

本未倒置。

30. Speak of the devil( and he will appear).

说曹操，曹操到。

31. Teach fish to swim.

班门弄斧。

32. The pupil outdoes the master.

青出于蓝而胜于蓝。

33. The same knife cuts bread and fingers.

水能载舟，亦能覆舟。

34. The sauce is better than the fish.

喧宾夺主。

35. There are plenty of fish in the sea.

天涯何处无芳草。

36. There is no smoke without fire.

无风不起浪。

高级口译笔记——谚语口译（Interpreting Proverbs）①

谚语作为一种以简单通俗的语言来表达深刻道理的语句，常为人们所引用。千百年来各国之间或多或少的文化交流，往往会使一个民族的谚语跨越疆界，广为流传于其它民族。许多谚语流传甚广，早已为我们所熟知。因此，谚语的口译并非是一道不可逾越的障碍。谚语的口译大致可分为三种类型，一种是“形同意合”的口译，第二种是“形似意合”的口译，第三种是“形异意合”的口译。

一、“形同意合”的谚语

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.

吃一堑，长一智。

All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.

有情人终成成眷属。

A man should not bite the hand that feeds him.

不要恩将仇报。

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

情人眼里出西施。

Business is business.

公事公办。

Facts speak louder than words.

事实胜于雄辩。

Failure is the mother of success.

失败乃成功之母。

Fish in troubled waters.

浑水摸鱼。

Friends must part.

聚散离合总有时。/天下无不散之宴席。

Great minds think alike.

英雄所见略同。

Health is better than wealth.

家有万贯财，不如一身健。

Hedges have eyes, walls have ears.

隔篱有眼，隔墙有耳。

In time of peace prepare for war.

居安当思危。

Like father, like son.

有其父，必有其子。

Man proposes, God disposes.

谋事在人，成事在天。

Misfortunes never come alone.

祸不单行。

Money can’t buy time.

寸金难买寸光阴。

More haste, less speed.

欲速则不达。

Out of office, out of danger.

无官一身轻。

Out of sight, out of mind./Far from eye, far from heart.

眼不见为净。

Pride goes before a fall.

骄者必败。

The style is the man.

文如其人。

Time and tide wait for no man.

时不我待。/岁月无情。

The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future.

前事不忘后事之师。/前车之覆，后车之鉴。

To teach is to learn.

教学相长。

The tongue cuts the throat.

祸从口出。/言多必失。

高级口译笔记——同声传译(Undertaking Simultaneous Interpretation)

同声传译，又称同步口译，是译员在不打断讲话者演讲的情况下，不停地将其讲话内容传译给听众的一种

口译方式。同声传译的最大优点在于效率高，可以保证讲话才作连贯发言，不影响或中断讲话者的思路，有利于听众对发言全文的通篇理解。

一、在同声传译活动中对译员的要求

1、同声传译要求译员有良好的听觉解意能力。同声传译是一种即听即译的活动，听入与译出之间只保持几秒钟的时间距离，译员在口头传译几秒钟前听到的信息的同时，还必须耳听及解译新的信息。因此这种听觉解意能力非同一般意义的耳听会意能力，它指的是一种译员在有自我干扰的环境下及时听解信息的能力。但是译员的听解并非完全是一种被动的行为，译中可以从大会的主题、发言者的立场、发言论题或论点的背景知识等示意因素，使自己的听译建筑在“上下文”的基础上，进而变被动听译为主动听译。

2、同声传译要求译员具备在听解的同时有迅速组织句子进行连贯流畅表达的能力。也许有人会认为，汉语是我们的母语，因此英译汉的困难在于能否及时听懂英语内容，不在于如何有汉语来组句和表达。这完全是对口译工作的一种误解。组句表达，无论是以外语还是以母语进行，都是一门学问，一种才能，尤其是在需要顾及听的内容的情况下。

二、同声传译的一些基本方法和技巧

1、意译

同声传译即听即译的特点，迫使译员不得不“一心二用”，使译员在翻译过程中难以做到“形”“意”两全。此外，译员在同步传译时迫于时间压力，也无法对目标语的表达形式斟词酌句一番。在“形”“意”难以两全的情况下，译员应采用意译的方法，以简洁的语言迅速将来源语所包含的概念和命题传达给听众。

2、顺译

顺译是指一种顺着来源语的词序，按部就班地选择目标语的对应词进行传译的方法。这里所讲的顺译仅限于顺结构、顺词序的传译，不包括词词对应的顺译。汉语和英语的基本句子结构均为“主—动—宾”结构，限定词（如数词和所有格代词）和形容词一般也都出现在名词前面，这为英汉顺译或汉英顺译提供了必要的条件。

3、截句

截句是指译员在同声传译过程中及时、适时截断来源语的长句，并按照目标语的表达习惯，将所听到的信息分解成短句，或重组成联句，然后传译过去。

词语置前

例：中国政府将一如既往地支持联合国主持正义、维护和平、促进全球繁荣的行动。

The Chinese government will as always support the UN efforts to uphold justice, maintain peace and promote global prosperity.

词语后置或暂存

例：联合国维和部队应该驻扎在那一地区，一直到所有各方签署了和约为止。我们的这一立场已得到公认。Our position is widely received that the UN peace-keeping force will stay in that region until a peaceful agreement has been signed by all concerned parties.

添词

例：我很高兴地向各位通报，中美就知识产权问题签署了一项谅解备忘录，从而避免了一场可能出现的贸

易战。

I feel very pleased to report to you that China and the United States signed a Memorandum of Understanding in terms of protecting intellectual property rights, an act that has averted a potential trade war.

减词

例：中国同其周边国家的关系比以往任何时期都好，这种十分珍贵的睦邻友好关系无论对中国人民还是这些国家的人们来说，都极为有益。

China’s relations with its neighboring countries are better than ever before, a situation that best represents the interests of the Chinese people and the peoples of other countries concerned.

重复

例：多年来，中国经济的持续增长发挥了越来越重要的作用，这种作用在于促进了亚太地区乃至全球经济的健康发展。

Over the years, China’s sustained economic growth has played an increasing more important role in boosting the healthy economic development in the Asian-Pacific region and the world as a whole.

同声传译的才能不是一种可望而不可及的天赋才能。常言说得好，“工夫不负有心人”。只要我们细心钻研同传知识和技巧，积极参与同传强化训练，水到自然渠成。

高级口译笔记——商务谈判(Business Negotiation)

第一部分基本词汇

询价make an inquiry

报价quotation

报/发盘offer

底盘floor offer

实/虚盘firm/non-firm offer

开/收盘opening/closing price

现/期货价spot/forward price

还盘counter-offer

回佣return commission

到岸价 C.I.F.（即Cost, Insurance and Freight)

到岸加佣金价 C.I.F.C.（即Cost, Insurance, Freight and Commission)

现货spot goods

库存有限limited stock

批发价wholesale price

零售价retail price

净利润net profit

定金down payment

分期付款payment by installment

现金结算cash settlement

信用证结算payment by letter of credit(L/C)

股东shareholder; stockholder

我方on our part

双赢战略win-win strategy

中止合同terminate the contract

提出索赔lodge a claim

要求赔偿损失claim for a compensation of the loss/damage

贸易索赔business claim

补偿贸易compenstion trade

第二部分词语扩展

商品交易会Commodities Fair

经营范围line/scope of business

独家经销代理exclusive selling agency

市场准入market access

机床machine tools

汽车零部件auto parts

电子商务e-commerce; e-business

第三部分例句

请给我一个有效期为90天的C.I.F.报价，目的港为洛杉矶，报价含5%的佣金。

I'd like to hear your quotation on a C.I.F.Los Angeles basis valid for 90 days, with an inclusion of 5% angent's commission in your quotation.

高级口译笔记——礼仪祝词(Ceremonial Speech)

第一部分基本词汇

开幕/闭幕式opening/closing ceremony

开幕词opening speech/address

致开幕词make an opening speech

友好访问goodwill visit

阁下Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency

贵宾distinguished guest

尊敬的市长先生Respected Mr.Mayor

远道而来/来自大洋彼岸的朋友friends coming from a distant land/the other side of the Pacific

东道国host country

宣布……开幕declare……open

值此之际on the occasion of

借此机会take this opportunity to

以……名义in the name of

本着……精神in the spirit of

代表on the behalf of

由衷的谢意heartfelt thanks

友好款待gracious hospitality

正式邀请officioa invitation

回顾过去look back on

展望未来look ahead/look into the future

最后in closing

圆满成功 a complete success

提议祝酒propose a toast

第二部分词语扩展

一、政治词汇

亚太地区Asian-Pacific region

建交establishment of diplomatic relations between

互访exchange of visit

外交政策foreign policy

一贯奉行in persistent pursuit of

平等互利equality and mutual benefit

双边关系bilateral relations

持久和平lasting peace

二、政治词汇

贸易额trade volume

商业界business community

跨国公司transnational corporation

经济强国/经济大国/经济列强（视具体情况翻译）economic power

第三部分例句

1.我愿借此机会，代表我们代表团的全体成员，对我们东道主的诚挚邀请，表示真诚的谢意。

On the behalf of all the members of my mission, I would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our host for their earnest invitation.

2.现在，我愉快地宣布第二十二届万国邮政联盟大会开幕。

Now, I have the pleasure to declare the 22nd Universal Postal Congress open.

3.我很荣幸地代表中国政府和人民向来自联合王国的代表团表示热烈的欢迎。

I have the honor to express this warm welcome on behalf of the Chinese Government and people to the delegation from the United Kingdom.

4.我谨向各位表示最热烈的欢迎。

I would like to extend my warmest welocme to all of you.

5.我预祝大会圆满成功！

I wish the conference a complete success!

高级口译笔记——外事接待（reception)

第一部分基本词汇

日程安排schedule

预订reserve

根据……的要求upon……request

专程造访come all the way

精心安排 a thoughtful arrangement

排忧解难help out

第二部分词语扩展

机场大楼terminal building

候机大厅waiting hall

起飞时间departure/take-off time

抵达时间arrival time

海关the Customs

往返票round-trip ticket

入境/出境/旅游签证entry/exit/tourist visa

免税商店duty-free shop

豪华套房luxury suite

单/双人房single/double room

第三部分例句

1. You must be our long-expected guest,……

2. Excuse me, I haven't had the honor of knowing you.

3. I'm glad to have the honor of introducing……

4. Small world, isn't it?

5. Thank you for coming all the way to our company.

6. I hop you'll enjoy your stay here.

7. host a receptipn banquet in your honor

高级口译笔记——称谓口译

一、以“总……”表示的首席长官，可选择general、chief、head这类词表示。总书记general secretary

总工程师chief engineer

总会计师chief accountant

总经理general manager

总代理general agent

总教练head coach

二、一些行业的职称头衔，直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示，可用"senior"来称呼。高级记者senior reporter

高级讲师senior lecturer

三、“首席”英语常用chief来表达。

首席执行官chief cxecutive officer(CEO)

首席顾问chief advisor

首席检察官chief inspector

四、还有一些高级职务带“长”字，例如：

参谋长chief of staff

护士长head nurse

秘书长secretary-general

五、以“副”字的表示副职的行政职务头衔，可用vice、deputy表达。副总统vice president

副主席vice chairman

副总理vice minister

副秘书长deputy secretary-general

副书记deputy secretary

副市长deputy mayor

六、学术头衔的“副”职称，常用associate表示。

副教授associate professor

副研究员associate research fellow

副审判长associate judge

副主任医师associate doctor

七、学术头衔中的初级职称如“助理”，我们可以用assistant来称呼。助理教授assistant professor

助理研究员assistant research fellow

助理工程师assistant engineer

八、一般说来，“代理”可译作acting,例如：

代理市长acting mayor

代理总理acting premier

代理主任acting director

九、常务”可以用“managing"表示。

常务理事managing director

常务副校长managing vice president

十、执行”可译作executive

口译资料

1.第二轮中美战略与经济对话今天在北京开幕。首先，我谨对远道而来的美国 朋友，表示热烈的欢迎！ The second round of the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues (S&ED) opens in Beijing today. Let me first of all extend a warm welcome to our American friends coming from afar. 2.很高兴应奥巴马总统邀请，在一元复始的时节来到华盛顿，对美国进行国事 访问。此时此刻，我谨代表13亿中国人民，向美国人民致以诚挚的问候和良好的祝愿！ It gives me great pleasure to come to Washington and pay a state visit to the United States at the beginning of a new year at the invitation of President Obama. Let me extend, on behalf of the 1.3 billion Chinese people, sincere greetings and best wishes to the people of the United States. 3.很高兴来到多伦多参加二十国集团领导人第四次峰会，同各位同事共同讨论 推动世界经济全面复苏这个重大议题。首先，我谨对哈珀总理和加拿大政府为本次峰会所作的积极努力和周到安排，表示衷心的感谢！我还要感谢大家对上海世博会给予的宝贵支持和帮助。 It gives me great pleasure to attend the fourth G20 Summit in Toronto and discuss with you the important subject of promoting full recovery of the world economy. Let me begin by thanking Prime Minister Harper and the Canadian government for their active efforts and thoughtful arrangements for this meeting. I also wish to take this opportunity to express thanks to all of you for giving valuable support and assistance to Expo 2010 Shanghai. 4.很高兴来到首尔参加二十国集团领导人第五次峰会，同各位同事共商促进经 济复苏、推动世界发展大计。首先，我谨对李明博总统和韩国政府为本次峰会所作的积极努力和周到安排表示衷心的感谢！对各国在上海世博会的精彩展示表示诚挚的祝贺！ It gives me great pleasure to attend the fifth G20 summit in Seoul and discuss with

口译

B :It’s my pleasure. Yo u team did well in th e game. It sh owed great skill and good spotsmansh球技精湛，球风正. Congrat ulat ions . A : Thank you for coming to see us off. 谢谢你来为我们送行。 B :It’s my pleasure. You team did well in the game. It showed great skill and good spotsmanship球技精湛，球风正派. Congratulations . 不客气。你们的球队发挥的很好球技精湛，球风正派。祝贺你们。 A : Thank you! And thank you so much for everything. 谢谢!同时谢谢你们所有的招待。 B :We hope you had a good time in Beijing . 希望你们在北京的这段时间过的愉快。 A :We sure did. We had a great time! Everything was just fine. Beijing Olympic Games are one of the most impressive and well-organized athletic feasts I’ve ever attended. 我们确实过的很愉快，一切都很好。北京奥运会是我参加过的组织最严密，最令人印象深刻的体育盛会之一。The Olympic Games are based on mutual understanding, friendship, unity and fair play. And it helps promote a better and more peaceful world. And its symbol, the five interlocking rings,represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of the athletes of the world at the Olympic Games.

高级口译完整版教材答案

外事接待 第一篇 制药 pharmaceutical Co. Ltd 副总经理 deputy managing director 研究生 graduate student 论文 paper 研究成果 research findings 实验助手 lab assistant 市中心 downtown area 假日酒店 Holiday Inn 旅馆招待费 hotel accommodation fee 招待所 guesthouse 舒适如归 make sb. comfortable 不尽如人意之处 inconvenience in life and work 排忧解难 help sb. out 第二篇 Stanford University 斯坦福大学 a land of wonder充满奇观的国家 head office 总部 magical power 神奇的魅力 Oriental 的 Confucianism 儒家思想 Taoism 道家学说 inexplicable 难以言表的 set foot on 踏上……的土地 cosmopolitan city 国际大都市 maximize 充分利用 in no time 不久 rewarding 有成效的 参观访问 第一篇 学位点 degree program 国家级重点社科研究基地key social science research centers 博士后科学研究流动站post-doctoral research stations 国家级重点学科 national key disciplines 两院院士academicians of the Chinese academy of science and the Chinese academy of engineering 网络教育 online education 科举制 imperial examination 日月光华,旦复旦兮brilliant are the sunlight and the moonlight after night the day dawns again 人文精神 humanistic spirit 披荆斩棘,筚路蓝缕negotiate various impediment 博学而笃志,切问而近思extensive scholarship with unyielding dedication and earnest inquiry with close examination 治学态度 educational philosophy 取精用弘的学术思想 the academic ideology of extracting the best and exploiting the greatest 怀抱超旷的才隽学人graduates with brilliant scholarship 高等教育发展的重中之重 priority among institutions of high learning 承前启后 inherit fine tradition and usher in the future mission 团结,共襄盛举 strive together in good faith 文理工医科综合性大学 a comprehensive university with a complete range disciplines in liberal arts, science, engineering and medicine 全面提升知名度和影响力 elevate influence and visibility in all dimensions 社会转型时期 a period of social transition 百年传承之名校 a prestigious university with a century-long academic tradition and intellectual esteem 第二篇 Vancouver 温哥华 Canada’s gateway to the pacific 加拿大通往太平洋的门户 The Panama Canal 巴拿马运河 Natural ice-free harbor 天然不冻港Manufactured goods 制成品 Lumber and paper milling 伐木、造纸 Oil refining 炼油 Metal fabricating 金属锻造 Printed matter 印刷 Real estate 房地产 Triple 增至3倍 Quadruple 增至4倍

汉译英口译文字材料

Passage 1 女士们、先生们：很高兴能有机会参加这次“中国日”年会。亚洲是世界上最大的洲，拥有世界60%的人口。它资源丰富，历史悠久。中国式亚洲的一员，同所有亚洲人民一样，中国人民勤劳智慧。中国人民愿与所有亚洲人民一起，共创亚洲的美好明天。 Passage 2 我们非常高兴能和你们在英格兰度过这样一段愉快的时光。在告别英格兰的时候，我觉得自己对它和它的历史有了更多的了解。我们希望在不久的将来能在中国接待诸位，请诸位看看中国的变化。现在，我提议为东道主的健康干杯！希望在不久能看见你们。 Passage 3我非常感谢您热情友好的欢迎辞。印度是最古老的文明摇篮之一，访问印度是我的强烈愿望。我为能成为贵公司的客人而深感荣幸。这次访问给予我一次很好的机会结交新朋友。我公司同印度有着有好的合作关系。我们在许多领域里的合作都取得了重大进展。我们的合作是富有成效的。我们将继续成为和睦共助的伙伴关系。 Passage 4今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学接待格林博士和夫人。我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。中新两国教育界人士的互访，增进了相互间的了解和学术交流。我相信格林博士这次对对我校的访问必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系做出重要贡献。明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。 Passage 5今天各位能出席这个招待会，我们深感荣幸。欢迎到中国来。在发展对外贸易中，我们坚持“互相尊重、平等互利”的原则，这一原则有助于发展我们各国独立的民族经济。我愿借此机会对各位朋友给予我们的合作和支持表示感谢。 Passage 6 在这个满天星斗、举国同庆的夜晚，我谨代表公司的全体同仁，感谢各位来宾从百忙之中拔冗光临我们的春节联欢晚会。春节是我国一年中的良辰佳时，我希望各位中外同事共度一个轻松、欢快的夜晚。我愿外国来宾能尽情品尝中国的传统佳肴和美酒。我希望这次晚会能使我们彼此有机会沟通、增进友谊。最后我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临，并祝各位新年健康、事业有成。 Passage 7近年来，中国在交通方面的资金投入每年都有所增加，公路建设因此有了很大发展。到去年末，这方面的投资超过了人民币3,200亿元。自从我国实行西部大开发策略后，西部的公路建设也得到了迅速发展。在今后的几年里，西部地区将继续成为公路建设的重点地区。 Passage 8中国加快发展，将给中美关系发展提供新的机遇与动力。例如，中国的旅游业带动航空业的发展，已经给美国企业带来了可观的实惠。中国从美国进口大量的大豆、小麦等农产品，为美国农业提供了广阔的市场。我相信，中国完全有可能在未来的20年乃至更长的时间里，继续保持稳定快速的经济增长。 Passage 9中国是一个发展中国家，人口多，底子薄，农村地区经济不发达。穷

口译与听力复习资料

Unit six Lesson one 1.Over the next day and a half we will have the opportunity to get to know one another and discuss relevant issues affecting the diamond industry. 在随后的一天半的时间里，我们将有机会互相了解，并就影响钻石业的相关问题进行讨论。 2.We will also present updated research results on the world DJ (diamond and jewelry) market and more importantly just recently released research findings on the state of the Chinese DJ industry. 我们还将向你们介绍有关世界钻石珠宝市场的最新调查结果。更为重要的是介绍最近发布的有关中国钻石珠宝业状况的最新调查结果。 3.The impressive economic growth and sound management of the economy in the past few years are very encouraging. 在过去几年，中国的形势令人鼓舞，经济发展显著，管理良好。 Lesson two https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c212067446.html,merce between our two countries is growing rapidly, although it is unbalanced. 两国间的商务虽然发展还不大平衡，但增长迅速。 Lesson four 1.当然，我们还不应当忘记为会议提供了各方面周到服务的各界朋友，他们的辛勤工作确保 了会议的顺利进行。 Of course, we should not forget our friends from all walks of life who have provided the smooth running of the conference. 2.我衷心祝愿我们的事业蒸蒸日上，我们的友谊地久天长。我们热切期待着当新的千年到来 的时候，我们在墨尔本港再次相聚。 I sincerely wish our career would bloom and our friendship would last forever. We’re eagerly waiting to see each other in Melbourne when the new millennium comes. Unit seven Lesson one 1.This city and his country embody the forward-looking spirit, the commitment and the energy that are required to meet the challenges facing our rapidly changing and urbanizing world. 这个城市和这个国家体现的进取精神，奉献精神和一种活力，来应对不断变化，不断城市化的世界所面临的挑战。 2.This Urban Revolution promises to be one of the greatest opportunities of our time. 这次城市革命注定为我们这个时代提供了最大的机遇。 3.The urban poor are the end result of a process of economic exclusion. 城市的贫穷是经济隔离过程的最终结果。 Lesson 4 1.请允许我代表大连市人民政府对各位朋友的到来表示最热烈的欢迎。 Please allow me, on behalf of the People’s Government of Dalian, to extend our warmest

高级口译翻译整理

On China’s Entry into the WTO 论中国入世 艰苦努力painstaking efforts 世贸组织新成员new member of the WTO 具有历史意义的一件大事a major event of historic significance 现代化建设modernization drive 产生重要而深远的影响exert important and far-reaching influence on 经济发展economic development 社会进步social progress. 加入世贸组织joining the WTO // accession to the WTO // entry into the WTO // WTO entry 重大战略决策a major strategic decision 改革开放reform, opening up 中国深入参与China's in-depth participation in 经济全球化economic globalization. 最大的发展中国家the largest developing country 不完整的incomplete 普遍性和公正性universality and fairness 多边贸易体制multilateral trading system. 利弊advantages and disadvantages 许多方面many aspects 发展机遇opportunities for development 扩大就业总量expand total employment volume 提高人民生活水平raise people's living standards 更好地利用外资make better use of foreign capital 有利于conducive to 实施“走出去”战略implementing the strategy of "going globe-wide" 参加国际竞争与合作participating in international competition and cooperation 在更广阔的天地in a broader world 利于我国分享……好处advantageous to China's share of the benefits 严峻的挑战grim challenges 从观念上、体制上做必要的调整make necessary conceptual and structural adjustments 经济的管理economic management, 相应的转变corresponding changes 企业的管理方法enterprises' management method 经营机制operational mechanisms 随着……的进入along with the inflow 服务业service trades 中国产业Chinese industries 成本高、技术水平低和管理落后的企业enterprises with high cost, low technical level and backward management 遭受一定的冲击和压力be subjected to certain impact and pressure 迎接这些挑战meet these grim challenges 不失时机lose no time

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中美两国建交以来，人民之间的交往不断扩大。两国已缔结了23对友好省州和123对姊妹城市。去年，到中国旅游的美国人多达131万人次。中国赴美探亲、求学、经商的有44万人次。中国有超过18万人曾在美国留学，目前在读的留学生有六万余人。而在中国学习的美国留学生只有约3000人，位居外国在华留学人数第三位。中美在教育领域的交流与合作还有很大发展空间。中国绝大多数大中小学都学习英语，总人数超过1.2亿。美国已有近1000所高校和200多所中小学开设了中文课程，华人华侨开办了近600所中文学校，包括在马里兰大学创建的孔子学院。但与中美交往的需要将比，美国的汉语教学任重道远。 下面是presentation内容： Remarks at Jinan University, Guangzhou by U.S. Commerce Secretary Gary Locke Tuesday, October 27, 2009 美国商务部长骆家辉在广州暨南大学的演讲 2009年10月27日 Good afternoon everyone. It is an honor to be with you at Jinan University. I have been looking forward to this visit to southern China for some time. My roots are here. The ancestral home of my family, a village called Jilong, where my mother and father were married, is located here in Guangdong Province. My brother and sisters and I, and our spouses, were delighted to join my parents when they returned for a visit a few years ago. It was the trip of a lifetime for all of us. Let me begin this afternoon by congratulating each of you for your acceptance at one of China’s premie r universities. Jinan has produced countless government, business, and academic leaders throughout its history –and is recognized as one of the leading research universities in China. You are here at Jinan at a time in Chinese and world history that is at the same time frightening and exciting. On top of a struggling global economy, our world has more serious issues to deal with than we'd all care to count. Climate change, poverty, disease, terrorism -- each issue on its own is enough to consume all of our time. But we've got to deal with them all at once. It's enough to make anyone despair for the future. But not me. I'm optimistic and confident the world is equipped to deal with the challenges we face -- and a big part of the reason is seeing young people like you. Because although these problems are daunting, they do have solutions. Many of them can be solved with

口译整理

Ladies and gentlemen, it is great pleasure to have you all here this evening. On behalf of the International Trade Association, I'd like to extend a warm welcome to you all. Welcome to China! Welcome to the Trade Fair! 女士们，先生们：今晚各位能出席这个酒会，我们深感荣幸。我仅代表国际贸易协会向各位致以热烈欢迎。欢迎到中国来！欢迎参加这个交易会！ This Fair is more than a business event. It promotes friendship as well as trade. It is important to have an opportunity like this to meet and exchange views with each other. 交易会不只是商业活动。它不但促进贸易，而是促进友谊。有机会相互见面并交换看法，这是十分重要的。 In developing foreign trade, we stand for the principle of "mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit". I believe it will help develop our national economy independently. 在发展对外贸易中，我们坚持相互“相互尊重，平等互利”的原则。我相信，这一原则有助于发展我们各国独立的民族经济。 I want to take this opportunity to express my thanks for the close cooperation and kind support our friends have given us over these years. Now may I propose a toast：To the success of the Fair! To our friendship and cooperation! To the health of everyone here! Cheers! 我愿借此机会向各位朋友在几年来给予我们的密切合作与热心支持表示感谢。现在请允许我提议：“为交易会的圆满成功，为我们的友谊与合作，为在座各位的健康，干杯！” Passage2 After China joins the World Trade Organization, average Chinese consumers will start to find more choices in their shops, including many new items from overseas. But, will they buy them? It isn't something that can be taken for granted. 加入世界贸易组织之后，中国的普通消费者将会发现可供选择的商品增多，其中不乏来自国外的许多新品牌。届时，消费者们是否选购这些商品呢？答案还很难说。 However, the survey suggests that richer Chinese are more inclined to take homemade products.59% of respondents said that they foreign brands when they are choosing from the same category. 但是，通过这次调查，比较富有的中国消费者将会更加倾向于支持国产品牌。59%的采访对象表示，在同类产品中，他们会选择国货。 Of course, this doesn't mean that imported items will all be left on the shelf. On the contrary, Chinese consumers have cultivated a liking for trying out new products. While two thirds of respondents admit to being drawn to try new and distinctive items. 当然，这并不意味着进口商品将会一直滞留在货架上，卖不出去。恰恰相反，中国消费者已经开始培养起一种喜爱尝试新事物的消费心理。尽管三分之二的采访对象表示自己更习惯于选购自己熟悉的品牌，仍然有四分之三的人承认自己会被有特色的新产品吸引。 On the whole, a common feeling among Chinese elites is that their country's accession to the WTO will boost Chinese economic prosperity in the main frame of world economy. Business opportunities will steadily increase, capital investments will rise constantly, and the overall economy will be improving. 总体来说，中国的精英分子相信加入世贸组织将会使中国的经济更好地融入世界经济的大框架之中。商业机会将持续增多，投资数额将继续上扬，整个经济状况会愈来愈好。

CATTI口译资料

值得一看的口译资料 口译资料 高级口译笔记——文化交流（Cultural Exchange） 一、词汇 汉字的四声（平声、上声、仄声和去声）the four tones of Chinese characters, namely, the level tone, the rising tone, the falling-rising tone, and the falling tone 笔画stroke 部首radical 偏旁basic character component 象形文字pictograph 独角戏monodrama/one-man play 皮影戏shadow play 折子戏opera highlights 单口相声monologue comic talk 对口相声comic cross talk 说书monologue story-telling 传说legend 神话mythology 寓言fable 武术martial art 气功controlled breathing exercise 气功疗法breathing technique therapy 春联spring couplet 剪纸paper-cut 戏剧脸谱theatrical mask 草药的四气：寒、热、温、凉four properties of medicinal herb: cold, hot, warm and cool 草药的五味：酸、苦、甘、辛、咸five tastes of medicinal herb: sour, bitter, sweet, hot and salty 二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms 天干地支the heavenly stems and earthly branches 清明节the Pure Brightness Day 端午节the Dragon Boat Festival 中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival 文化事业cultural undertaking 民族文化national culture 民间文化folk culture 乡土文化native/country culture

高级口译完整版教材答案

外事接待 第一篇 制药有限公司pharmaceutical Co. Ltd 副总经理deputy managing director 研究生graduate student 论文paper 研究成果research findings 实验助手lab assistant 市中心downtown area 假日酒店Holiday Inn 旅馆招待费hotel accommodation fee 招待所guesthouse 舒适如归make sb. comfortable 不尽如人意之处inconvenience in life and work 排忧解难help sb. out 第二篇 Stanford University 斯坦福大学 a land of wonder充满奇观的国家 head office 总部 magical power 神奇的魅力 Oriental 东方的 Confucianism 儒家思想 Taoism 道家学说 inexplicable 难以言表的 set foot on 踏上……的土地 cosmopolitan city 国际大都市 maximize 充分利用 in no time 不久 rewarding 有成效的 参观访问 第一篇 学位点degree program 国家级重点社科研究基地key social science research centers 博士后科学研究流动站post-doctoral research stations 国家级重点学科national key disciplines 两院院士academicians of the Chinese academy of science and the Chinese academy of engineering 网络教育online education 科举制imperial examination 日月光华,旦复旦兮brilliant are the sunlight and the moonlight after night the day dawns again 人文精神humanistic spirit 披荆斩棘,筚路蓝缕negotiate various impediment 博学而笃志,切问而近思extensive scholarship with unyielding dedication and earnest inquiry with close examination 治学态度educational philosophy 取精用弘的学术思想the academic ideology of extracting the best and exploiting the greatest 怀抱超旷的才隽学人graduates with brilliant scholarship 高等教育发展的重中之重priority among institutions of high learning 承前启后inherit fine tradition and usher in the future mission 精诚团结,共襄盛举strive together in good faith 文理工医科综合性大学 a comprehensive university with a complete range disciplines in liberal arts, science, engineering and medicine 全面提升知名度和影响力elevate influence and visibility in all dimensions 社会转型时期 a period of social transition 百年传承之名校 a prestigious university with a century-long academic tradition and intellectual esteem 第二篇 Vancouver 温哥华 Canada’s gateway to the pacific 加拿大通往太平洋的门户 The Panama Canal 巴拿马运河 Natural ice-free harbor 天然不冻港Manufactured goods 制成品 Lumber and paper milling 伐木、造纸 Oil refining 炼油 Metal fabricating 金属锻造 Printed matter 印刷 Real estate 房地产 Triple 增至3倍 Quadruple 增至4倍 Quintuple 增至5倍 High-rise office building 摩天办公楼Boutique 时装礼品店 Ethnic group 少数民族团体 Planetarium 天文馆 Aquarium 水族馆 Skating rink 溜冰场 Botanical garden 植物园 Conservatory of exotic plants 异国植物花房Maple tree 枫树 Sap 树液

新全口译资料整理

Unit 1 1.Working together, our people have done well. Our economy is breaking records, with more than 22 million new jobs, and the lowest unemployment in 30years齐心协力，我国人民取得了巨大成就，我国经济正在创新的记录，新增工作岗位2200万个，并且创下了30年来最低的失业率 2.Thanks to the continuing boom in technology shares on the stock market, this year the richest have added to 5 billion more to their wealth.由于在证券市场上技术股的不断上升，本年度富人的财产增值了50亿。 3.As for this type of camera, there may be cheaper ones on the market, But when you look at the quality and the design, You’ll agree our price is the most favorable. 就这类照相机(而言)，市场上可能会有比它更便宜的，但如果你注意以下质量和设计，你会认可我们的价格是最优惠的。 4.In 1995,the market share of our product was quite small, only 5%, In 1999, it has increased to 20%, By the year 2005 we expect the figure to go over 50%.在1995年，我们的产品市场占有份额很小，只有5%，在1999年，增加到20%，到2005年，我们期望会超过50% 5.In the United States, most enterprises are multiproduct firms. For example, American automobile manufacturers are also responsible for such diverse products as diesel locomotives, buses, refrigerators, guided missiles, and air conditioners.在美国，大多数企业是多产品的公司，比如，美国的汽车制造商同时也负责各种其他人员柴油烟机，公共汽车，冰箱，制导导弹和空调机 6.Inflation can have a number of causes. It can be caused by rises in prices of raw materials: Factories have to pay more for their law material, and as a result they have to put up the prices of their products. 通货膨胀可以是由于几方面的原因引起的，可以是由于原材料价格的上升，工厂不得不为原材料支付更多的钱，结果他们不得不提高产品的价格。 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c212067446.html,rge wages rises can lead to inflation, too: If workers are paid more, prices go up and the cost of living rises. Changes in the value of currency are another cause of inflation. If the pound goes down in value. Then it costs more to import goods from other countries. 大幅度工资增长也会导致通货膨胀：如果工人的报酬增加，物价就会上涨，生活费用也会上升。货币价值的变化是通货膨胀的另一个原因：假如英镑贬值，那么从其他国家进口货物时就要多花钱了。 1.将近三倍的油价暴涨导致了两位数的通货膨胀以及全球经济的衰退The near-tripling of oil price resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. 2.中美联系现在十分广泛，涉及到我们人民生活的各个方面，包括商业，文化，教育以及我们的国家安 全政策。Sino-American ties have become very extensive, affecting all aspects of our people’s lives: commerce, culture, education and our national security policies. 3.人们往往希望雇主支付他们高于市场的工资，他们渴望灵活的工作日程，他们要求公司股票股买全， 还有学习的机会。People always want employers to pay them above the market rates, they seek flexible work schedules, they want stock options and a chance to learn. 4.对我来说，创业最大的障碍是搞清楚它是否切实可行，要做到这一点真的很难，因为我以前从未涉及 过这个行业。For me, the biggest hurdle to get the business running was working out whether it would be feasible at all. That’s really hard to do as I haven’t been involved in the industry before. 5.创业或难或易，但是守业绝对不是件容易的是。目前的统计数字表明，有三分之二的新企业在创办后 的头五年里倒闭。Starting a business may or may not be easy, but keeping it running is