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U4_语法

虚拟语气的其他情况

Subjunctive mood—expressing hypothetical and non-factual meanings.

I wish I were a bird.

He behaves as though he were the owner．

*Subjunctive mood in unreal conditional clauses

Compare: If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.

If I were you, I would accept his offer.

1. The form

假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式

与现在事实相反v.-ed (were) should (would, could, might +v.)

与过去事实相反had + v-ed should (would, could, might+ have +v-ed) 与将来事实可能相反v-ed (should +v; were to +v.) should (would, could, might +v.)

1) If I knew the fact now, I would tell you.

2) If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.

3) If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam.

All of us ____ the party much more if there _____ quite such a crowd of people there.

①A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed

C. would have enjoyed

D. will be enjoying

②A. weren’t B. hasn’t been

C. hadn’t been

D. wouldn’t been

2.Omission of “if”（formal style)

A. were 提到从句主语的前面

Were I you, I would take an umbrella with me.

Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.

B. should / had提到从句主语的前面

Should I have time, I would call her.

Had I had the money last year, I would have bought the house.

1) _____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.

A. Had it not been

B. Hadn’t it been

C. Was it not

D. Were it not

2) ______, he would not have recovered so quickly.

A. Hadn’t he been taken good care of

B. Had he not been taken good care of

C. Had not been taken good care of

D. Had he been not taken good care of

3. Implied condition

1) but for, without, under, with etc.

But for electricity, there would be no modern industry.

Without your help, we could not have succeeded.

Under such circumstances I would probably have done the same.

2) otherwise, but, or

I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late.

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you.

3) but that (要不是)

But that he was short of money at the time, he would have come to help us.

4) -ing phrases and to-infinitive

You would have laughed to see him jump aside.

This same thing, happening in wartime, would amount to disaster.

5）If it were (had been) not for …要不是……

If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.

If it had not been for your advice, I would not have accepted the job.

Be-Subjunctive Mood: demand, suggestion, and command, etc.

1. 用在宾语从句中：be/ should do

He insisted that Kate (should) do the job.

We suggested that the meeting (should) not be postponed.

Verbs：ask、advise、determine、decide、command、insist、propose、move、prefer、urge、order、recommend、request、require、demand、suggest、desire、intend

Exe: She asked that she ___ allowed to see her son in police custody.

A. would be

B. could be

C. be

D. was

2. 用在主语从句中

It is necessary that you (should) be present at the discussion.

It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts.

Adj.：essential、necessary、important、advisable、appropriate、desirable、fitting、imperative （紧急的）、impossible、necessary、proper、urgent、insistent、strange

ed- participle：desired、demanded、ordered、requested、suggested、recommended、required，etc.

Exe: It is imperative that students hand in their terms papers on time.

3. 用在同位语从句或表语从句中

1) The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.

2) Their demand is that their wages be increased by 20%.

Nouns：advice、command、demand、desire、order、decision、decree（法令、判决）instruction、requirement、resolution（决定）、suggestion、recommendation、necessity、request、proposal，etc.

3) He left orders that nothing be touched until the police arrived here.

这一用法中，be-型虚拟式可与“should+不定式”交替使用，也可与“to-不定式”交替使用。

4) He ordered that the books be sent at once.

=He ordered that the books should be sent at once.

=He ordered that the books to be sent at once.

Were-Subjunctive Mood

were-型虚拟语气常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine之后的分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常不可能发生的）情况。

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I’d rather I were not at the site of the accident.

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