中国专利法英文版(English)

Patent law of the People's Republic of China

Adopted at the 4th Session of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on March 12, 1984.Amended by the Decision Regarding the Revision of the Patent Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the 27th Session of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on September

4 ，1992.Amended for the second time by the Decision Regarding the Revision of the Patent Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted at the 17th Session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on August 25,2000

Content Tables

Chapter 1: General Provisions

Chapter 2: Requirements for Grant of Patent

Chapter 3: Application for Patent

Chapter 4: Examination and Approval of Application for Patent

Chapter 5: Duration, Cessation and Invalidation of Patent Right

Chapter 6: Compulsory License for Exploitation of Patent

Chapter 7: Protection of Patent Right

Chapter 8: Supplementary Provisions

Chapter 1: General Provisions

Article 1. This Law is enacted to protect patent rights for inventions-creations, to encourage

inventions-creations, to foster the spreading and application of Inventions-creations, and to promote the development of science and technology, for meeting the needs of the construction of socialist modernization.

Article 2 . In this Law, "inventions-creations" mean inventions, utility models and designs.

Article 3. The Patent Administrative Organ under the State Council is responsible for the patent work nationwide, receives and examines patent applications and grants patent rights for inventions-creations that conform with the provisions of this Law.

The authorities for patent work under he people's governments of provinces autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are responsible for the patent administration work of their own administrative areas.

Article 4 . Where an invention-creation for which a patent is applied relates to the security or other vital interests of the State and is required to be kept secret, the application shall be treated in accordance with the relevant prescriptions of the State.

Article 5 . No patent right shall be granted for any invention-creation that is contrary to the laws of the State or social morality or that is detrimental to public interest.

Article 6 . An invention-creation, made by a person in execution of the tasks of the entity to which he belongs, or made by him by mainly using the material and technical means of the entity is a service invention. For a service invention-creation, the right to apply for a patent belongs to the entity. After the application is approved, the entity shall be the patentee. For a non-service invention-creation, the right to apply for a patent belongs to the inventor or creator. After the application is approved, the inventor or creator shall be the patentee. For an invention-creation, made by a person by using the material and technical means of the entity to which he belongs, and where the entity and the inventor or creator has entered into an agreement under which there is provision on who has right to apply for a patent and to whom the patent right belongs, the provisions of the agreement shall prevail.

Article 7. No entity or individual shall prevent the inventor or creator from filing an application for a patent for a non-service invention-creation.

Article 8. For an invention-creation jointly made by two or more entities or individuals, or made by an entity or individual in execution of a commission for another entity or individual, the right to apply for a patent belongs, unless otherwise agreed upon, to the entity or individual which made, or to the entities or individual which jointly made, the invention-creation. After the application is approved, the entity or individual that applied for it shall be the patentee.

Article 9 . Where two or more applicants file applications for patent for the identical invention- creation, the patent right shall be granted to the applicant whose application was filed first.

Article 10 . The right to apply for a patent and the patent right may be assigned. Any assignment, by a Chinese entity or individual, of the right to apply for a patent, or of the patent right, to a foreigner must be approved by the competent department concerned of the State Council.Where the right to apply for a patent or the patent right is assigned, the parties must conclude a written contract and should register it with the patent administrative organ under the State Council. The patent administrative organ shall announce the registration .The assignment will come into force upon the date of registration.

Article 11 . After the grant of the patent right for an invention or utility model, except as otherwise provided for in the law, no entity or individual may, without the authorization of the patentee, exploit the patent, that is, make, use, offer to sell, sell or import the patented product; or use the patented process or use, offer to sell, sell or import the product directly obtained by the patented process, for production or business purposes. After the grant of the patent right for a design, no entity or individual may, without the authorization of the patentee, exploit the design, that is, make, sell or import the product incorporating its or his patented design, for production or business purposes.

Article 12 . Any entity or individual exploiting the patent of another must, except as provided for in Article 14 of this Law, conclude with the patentee a written license contract for exploitation and pay the patentee a fee for the exploitation of the patent. The licensee has no right to authorize any entity or individual, other than that referred to in the contract for exploitation, to exploit the patent.

Article 13 . After the publication of the application for a patent for invention, the applicant may require the entity or individual exploiting the invention to pay an appropriate fee.

Article 14 . For any patent for invention belonging to state-owned enterprises or entities, which is of great significance to national or public interests, the competent departments concerned of the State Council as well as the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central Government have the power to decide, after approved by the State Council, the said patented invention be spread and exploited within the prescribed scope and to allow designated entities to exploit it . The entities that exploit it shall, according to the prescriptions of the State , pay exploitation fees to the patentee.Any patent for invention

belonging to a Chinese entity under collective ownership or an individual, which is of great significance to national or public interests and is in need of spreading and exploitation, may be treated alike by making reference to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

Article 15. The patentee has the right to affix a patent marking and to indicate the number of the patent on the patented product or on the packing of that product.

Article 16 . The entity that is granted the patent right shall award to the inventor or creator of a service invention-creation a reward and, upon the exploitation of the patented invention-creation, shall award to the inventor or creator an appropriate remuneration based on the extent of exploitation and application and the economic benefits yielded.

Article 17 . The inventor or creator has the right to be named as such in the patent document.

Article 18 . Where any foreigner, foreign enterprise or other foreign organization having no habitual residence or business office in China files an application for a patent in China, the application shall be treated under this Law in accordance with any agreement concluded between the country to which the applicant belongs and China, or in accordance with any international treaty to which both countries are party, or on the basis of the principle of reciprocity.

Article 19 . Where any foreigner, foreign enterprise or other foreign organization having no habitual residence or business office in China applies for a patent, or has other patent matters to attend to, in China, he or it shall appoint a patent agency designated by the patent administrative organ under the State Council to act as his or its agent. Where any Chinese entity or individual applies for a patent or has other patent matters to attend to in the country, it or he may appoint a patent agency to act as its or his agent. The patent agencies should abide by the laws and administrative regulations and should deal with patent applications and other patent matters according to the commissions of the clients. Except for those applications that have been p ublished or announced, the agencies should bear the responsibility for keeping confidential the content of its clients' inventions-creations. The administrative regulations for administering the patent agencies shall be formulated by the State Council.

Article 20 . Where any Chinese entity or individual intends to file an application in a foreign country for a patent for its or his domestic invention-creation, it or he shall file first an application for patent with the patent

administrative organ under the State Council and, shall appoint a patent agency designated by the said organ to act as its or his agent, and shall abide by the prescriptions of Article 4 in this law. Any Chinese entity of individual may, according to the international treaties concerned to which China is a party, file an international application for patent for its or his invention-creation. The applicant for the international application should abide by the provisions of the preceding paragraph . The patent administrative organ under the State Council shall handle the international application for patent in line with the international treaty to which China is a party, this law and the administrative regulations concerned made by the State Council.

Article 21 . The patent administrative organ under the State Council and the patent reexamination board subordinated to it shall handle patent applications and requests concerned according to law and in the spirit of objectiveness, justice, precision and punctuality. Until the publication or announcement of the application for a patent, staff members of the patent administrative organ and other personnel involved have the duty to keep its content confidential.

Chapter 2: Requirements for Grant of Patent

Article 22 . Any invention or utility model for which patent right may be granted must possess novelty, inventiveness and practical applicability. Novelty means that, before the date of filing, no identical invention or utility model has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used or made known to the public by any other means in the country, nor has any other person filed previously with the patent administrative organ under the State Council an application which described the identical invention or utility model and was published after the said date of filing. Inventiveness means that, as compared with the technology existing before the date of filing the invention has prominent substantive features and represents a notable progress and that the utility model has substantive features and represents progress. Practical applicability means that the invention or utility model can be made or used and can produce effective results.

Article 23 . Any design for which patent right may be granted must not be identical with or similar to any design which, before the date of filing, has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used in the country, and must not collide with any legal prior rights obtained by any other person.

Article 24. An invention-creation for which a patent is applied for does not lose its novelty where, within six months before the date of filing, one of the following events occurred:

Chapter 3: Application for Patent

Article 26 . Where an application for a patent for invention or utility model is filed, a request, a description and its abstract, and claims shall be submitted. The request shall state the title of the invention or utility model, the name of the inventor or creator, the name and the address of the applicant and other related matters. The description shall set forth the invention or utility model in a manner sufficiently clear and complete so as to enable a person skilled in the relevant field of technology to carry it out; where necessary, drawings are required. The abstract shall state briefly the main technical points of the invention or utility model. The claims shall be supported by the description and shall state the extent of the patent protection asked for.

Article 27 . Where an application for a patent for design is filed, a request, drawings or photographs of the design shall be submitted, and the product incorporating the design and the class to which that product belongs shall be indicated.

Article 28 . The date on which the patent administrative organ under the State Council receives the application shall be the date of filing. If the application is sent by mail, the date of mailing indicated by the postmark shall be the date of filing.

Article 29 . Where, within twelve months from the date on which any applicant first filed in a foreign country an application for a patent for invention or utility model, or within six months from the date on which any applicant first filed in a foreign country an application for a patent for design, he or it files in China an application for a patent for the same subject matter, he or it may, in accordance with any agreement concluded between the said foreign country and China, or in accordance with any international treaty to which both countries are party, or on the basis of the principle of mutual recognition of the right of priority, enjoy a right of priority.

Where, within twelve months from the date on which any applicant first filed in China an application for a patent for invention or utility model, he or it files with the patent administrative organ under the State Council an application for a patent for the same subject matter, he or it may enjoy a right of priority.

Article 30 . Any applicant who claims the right of priority shall make a written declaration when the application is filed, and submit, within three months, a copy of the patent application document which was first

filed; if the applicant fails to make the written declaration or to meet the time limit for submitt ing the patent application document, the claim to the right of priority shall be deemed not to have been made.

Article 31 . An application for a patent for invention or utility model shall be limited to one invention or utility model. Two or more inventions or utility models belonging to a single general inventive concept may be filed as one application. An application for a patent for design shall be limited to one design incorporated in one product. Two or more designs which are incorporated in products belonging to the same class and are sold or used in sets may be filed as one application.

Article 32 . An applicant may withdraw his or its application for a patent at any time before the patent right is granted.

Article 33 . An applicant may amend his or its application for a patent, but the amendment to the application for a patent for invention or utility model may not go beyond the scope of the disclosure contained in the initial description and claims, and the amendment to the application for a patent for design may not go beyond the scope of the disclosure as shown in the initial drawings or photographs.

(1) where it was first exhibited at an international exhibition sponsored or recognized by the Chinese Government;

(2) where it was first made public at a prescribed academic or technological meeting;

(3) where it was disclosed by any person without the consent of the applicant.

Article 25 . For any of the following, no patent right shall be granted:

(1) scientific discoveries;

(2) rules and methods for mental activities;

(3) methods for the diagnosis or for the treatment of diseases;

(4) animal and plant varieties;

(5) substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation.

For processes used in producing products referred to in items (4) of the preceding paragraph, patent right may be granted in accordance with the Provisions of this Law.

Chapter 4: Examination and Approval of Application for Patent

Article 34 . Where, after receiving an application for a patent for invention, the patent administrative organ under the State Council, upon preliminary examination, finds the application to be in conformity with the requirements of this Law, it shall publish the application promptly after the expiration of eighteen months from the date of filing. Upon the request of the applicant, the patent administrative organ under the State Council publishes the application earlier.

Article 35 . Upon the request of the applicant for a patent for invention, made at any time within three years from the date of filing, the patent administrative organ under the State Council will proceed to examine the application as to its substance. If, without any justified reason, the applicant fails to meet the time limit for requesting examination as to substance, the application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn. The patent administrative organ under the State Council may, on its own initiative, proceed to examine any application for a patent for invention as to its substance when it deems it necessary.

Article 36 . When the applicant for a patent for invention requests examination as to substance, he or it shall furnish pre-filing date reference materials concerning the invention. For an application for a patent for invention that has been already filed in a foreign country, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may ask the applicant to furnish within a prescribed time limit documents concerning any search made for the purpose of examining that application or concerning the results of any examination made in that country. If, without any justified reason, the said documents are not furnished within the prescribed time limit, the application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.

Article 37. Where the patent administrative organ under the State Council, after it has made the examination as to substance of the application for a patent for invention, finds that the application is not in conformity with the provisions of this Law, it shall notify the applicant and request him or it to submit, within a specified time limit,

his or its observations or to amend the application. If, without any justified reason, the time limit for making response is not met, the application shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.

Article 38 . Where, after the applicant has made the observations or amendments, the patent administrative organ under the State Council finds that the application for a patent for invention is still not in conformity with the provisions of this Law, the application shall be rejected.

Article 39 . Where it is found after examination as to substance that there is no cause for rejection of the application for a patent for invention, the patent administrative organ under the State Council shall make a decision to grant the patent right for invention, issue the certificate of patent for invention, and register and announce it. The patent right for invention shall come into force upon the date of the announcement.

Article 40 . Where it is found after preliminary examination that there is no cause for rejection of the application for a patent for utility model or design, the patent administrative organ under the State Council shall make a decision to grant the patent right for utility model or the patent right for design, issue the relevant patent certificate, and register and announce it. The patent right for utility model or design shall come into effect upon the date of the announcement.

Article 41 . The patent administrative organ under the State Council shall set up a Patent Reexamination Board. Where an applicant is not satisfied with the decision of the patent administrative organ under the State Council rejecting his application for patent, such applicant may, within three months from the date of receipt of the notification, request the Patent Reexamination Board to make a reexamination. The Patent Reexamination Board shall, after reexamination, make a decision and notify the applicant for patent. Where the applicant for patent who made the request for reexamination is not satisfied with the decision of the Patent Reexamination Board, he or it may, within three months from the date of receipt of the notification, institute legal proceedings in the people's court.

Chapter 5: Duration, Cessation and Invalidation of Patent Right

Article 42. The duration of patent right for inventions shall be twenty years, the duration of patent right for utility models and patent right for designs shall be ten years, counted from the date of filing.

Article 43 . The patentee shall pay an annual fee beginning with the year in which the patent right was granted.

Article 44. In any of the following cases, the patent right shall cease before the exp iration of its duration:

(1) where an annual fee is not paid as prescribed;

(2) where the patentee abandons his or its patent right by a written declaration.

Any cessation of the patent right shall be registered and announced by the patent administrative organ under the State Council.

Article 45 . Where, starting from the date of the announcement of the grant of the patent right by the patent administrative organ under the State Council, any entity or individual considers that the grant of the said patent right is not in conformity with the relevant provisions of this Law, it or he may request the Patent Reexamination Board to declare the patent right invalid.

Article 46. The Patent Reexamination Board shall examine the request for invalidation of the patent right, make a decision and notify the person who made the request and the patentee. The decision declaring the patent right invalid shall be registered and announced by the patent administrative organ under the State Council. Where any party is not satisfied with the decision of the Patent Reexamination Board declaring the patent right invalid or upholding the patent right, such party may, within three months from receipt of the notification of the decision, institute legal proceedings in the people's court. The people's court shall notify the opponent party of the party which has requested for the invalidation procedure to be represented the proceedings as the third party.

Article 47 . Any patent right which has been declared invalid shall be deemed to be non-existent from the beginning. The decision of invalidation shall have no retroactive effect on any judgment or order on patent infringement which has been pronounced and enforced by the people's court, on any decision concerning the handling of patent infringement which has been implemented or enforced, and on any contract of patent license and of assignment of patent right which have been performed, prior to the decision of invalidation; however, the damages caused to other persons in bad faith on the part of the patentee shall be compensated. If, pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, no repayment, by the patentee or the assignor of the patent right to the

licensee or the assignee of the patent right, of the fee for the exploitation of the patent or the price for the assignment of the patent right is obviously contrary to the principle of equity, the patentee or the assignor of the patent right shall repay the whole or part of the fee for the exploitation of the patent or the price for the assignment of the patent right to the licensee or the assignee of the patent right.

Chapter 6: Compulsory License for Exploitation of Patent Article 48 . Where any entity which is qualified to exploit the invention or utility model has made requests for authorization from the patentee of an invention or utility model to exploit its or his patent on reasonable terms and such efforts have not been successful within a reasonable period of time, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may, upon the application of that entity, grant a compulsory license to exploit the patent for invention or utility model.

Article 49 . Where a national emergency or any extraordinary state of affairs occurs, or where the public interest so requires, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may grant a compulsory license to exploit the patent for invention or utility model.

Article 50 . Where the invention or utility model for which the patent right was granted is of important technical advance of considerable economic significance compared with another invention or utility model for which a patent right has been granted earlier and the exploitation of the later invention or utility model depends on the exploitation of the earlier invention or utility model, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may, upon the request of the later patentee, grant a compulsory license to exploit the earlier invention or utility model.

Where, according to the preceding paragraph, a compulsory license is granted, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may, upon the request of the earlier patentee, also grant a compulsory license to exploit the later invention or utility model.

Article 51 . The entity or individual requesting, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, a compulsory license for exploitation shall furnish proof that it or he has not been able to conclude with the patentee a license contract for exploitation on reasonable terms.

Article 52 . The decision made by the patent administrative organ under the State Council granting a compulsory license for exploitation shall be notified to the patent concerned as soon as reasonably practicable and shall be registered and announced. The decision of the patent administrative organ under the State Council granting a compulsory license for exploitation shall limit the scope and duration of the exploitation on the basis of the reasons justifying the grant. If and when the circumstances which led to such compulsory license cease to exist and are unlikely to recur, the patent administrative organ under the State Council may, upon the request of the patentee, terminate the compulsory license after examination.

Article 53 . Any entity or individual that is granted a compulsory license for exploitation shall not have an exclusive right to exploit and shall not have the right to authorize exploitation by any others.

Article 54 . The entity or individual that is granted a compulsory license for exploitation shall pay to the patentee a reasonable exploitation fee, the amount of which shall be fixed by both parties in consultations. Where the parties fail to reach an agreement, the patent administrative organ under the State Council shall adjudicate.

Article 55 . Where the patentee is not satisfied with the decision of the patent administrative organ under the State Council granting a compulsory license for exploitation, or where the patentee or the entity or individual that is granted the compulsory license is not satisfied with the adjudication made by the patent administrative organ under the State Council regarding the exploitation fee payable for exploitation, he or it may, within three months from the receipt of the notification, institute legal proceedings in the people's court.

Chapter 7: Protection of Patent Right

Article 56 . The extent of protection of the patent right for invention or utility model shall be determined by the terms of the claims'. The description and the appended drawings may be used to interpret the claims. The extent of protection of the patent right for design shall be determined by the product incorporating the patented design as shown in the drawings or photographs.

Article 57 . Where anyone exploits a patent without the authorization of the patentee, he or it constitutes an infringement to the patent right of the patentee. For the disputes resulted from the infringement, the parties concerned may settle it by themselves through consultation. Where the parties are not willing to settle the disputes through consultation or where the consultation fails to reach an agreement, the patentee or any interested party

may institute legal proceedings in the people's court or to request the authorities for patent work to handle the matter. Where the authorities for patent work considers the infringement well found, it has the power to order the infringer to stop infringement acts immediately. In case the party concerned is not satisfied with the decision, he or it may, within 15 days from the receipt of the notification of the order, institutes legal proceedings in the people's court, according to the Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China. If such proceedings are not instituted within the time limit and if the order is not compiled with, the authority for patent work may approach the people's court for compulsory execution. The authorities for patent work may, upon the request of the parties concerned, mediate on the damages concerned. If mediation does not work, the parties concerned may lodge a lawsuit with the people's court according to the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China.

When any infringement dispute relates to a process patent for the manufacture of a new product, any entity or individual manufacturing the identical product shall furnish proof to the effect that a different process is used in the manufacture of its or his product . Where the infringement relates to a patent for utility model, the people's court or the authority for patent work may request the applicant to furnish search reports made by the patent administrative organ under the State Council .

Article 58 . Where any person passes off the patent of another person, except for bearing civil liabilities according to law, he shall be ordered to amend his acts by the authorities for patent work and the order shall be announced. The illegal income of the said person shall be confiscated. He may be coupled with a fine of no more than 3 times of his illegal income and, where there is no illegal income, he may be imposed a fine of no more than 50,000 RMB. Where the infringement constitutes a crime, he shall be prosecuted for his criminal liability.

Article 59 . Where any person passes any non-patented product off as patented product or passes any

non-patented process off as patented process, he shall be ordered by the authority for patent work to amend his acts and the order shall be announced. The said person may be imposed a fine of no more than 50,000 RMB.

Article 60 . The amount of damages for infringing a patent right shall be calculated according to the losses suffered by the patentee or the profits gained by the infringer out of the infringement. If it is too difficult to determine the damages based on such losses of the patentee or the profits of the infringer, the appropriate times of the royalties for licenses for the said patent may be applied mutatis mutandis.

Article 61 . Where a patentee or any interested party who can provide any reasonable evidence that his right is being infringed or that such infringement is imminent, and any delay to stop the acts is likely to cause irreparable harm to his or its legitimate rights, he or it may, before instituting legal proceedings, request the people's court to order the suspension of related acts and to provide property preservation. The people's court, when dealing with requests referred to in the preceding paragraph, the provisions of Articles 93 to 96 and Article 99 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China shall apply.

Article 62 . Prescription for instituting legal proceedings concerning the infringement of patent right is two years counted from the date on which the patentee or any interested party obtains or should have obtained knowledge of the infringing act. Where the license fee is not paid for the use of a patent for invention during the period when the said application is published and up to its being granted the patent right, the prescription for instituting legal proceedings by the patentee for requesting royalties is two years counted from the date on which the patentee obtains or should have obtained knowledge of the use of his patented invention by the user. However, where the patentee has already obtained or should have obtained the knowledge of the use of his invention before the date of granting the patent right, the prescription shall be counted from the date on which the patent right is granted.

Article 63 . None of the following shall be deemed an infringement of the patent right:

(1)Where, after the sale of a patented product that was made or imported by the patentee or with the authorization of the patentee, or that was directly obtained by using the patented process, any other person uses, offers to sell or sells that product;

(2)Where, before the date of filing of the application for patent, any person who has already made the identical product, used the identical process, or made necessary preparations for its making or using, continues to make or use it within the original scope only;

(3)Where any foreign means of transport which temporarily passes through the territorial lands, territorial waters or territorial airspace of China uses the patent concerned, in accordance with any agreement concluded between the country to which the foreign means of transport belongs and China, or in accordance with any international treaty to which both countries are party, or on the basis of the principle of reciprocity, for its own needs, in its devices and installations;

(4)Where any person uses the patent concerned solely for the purposes of scientific research and experimentation.

Any person who, for production and business purposes, uses or sells a patented product without knowing that it was made and sold without the authorization of the patentee, shall not be responsible for the damages caused so long as he proves that he obtains the product from legitimate channels of distribution.

Article 64 . Where any person, in violation of the provisions of Article 20 of this Law, unauthorizedly files in a foreign country an application for a patent that divulges an important secret of the State, he shall be subject to disciplinary sanction by the entity to which he belongs or by the competent authority concerned at the higher level. If the circumstances are serious, he shall be prosecuted for his criminal liability according to the law.

Article 65 . Where any person usurps the right of an inventor or creator to apply for a patent for a non-service invention-creation, or usurps any other right or interest of an inventor or creator, prescribed by this Law, he shall be subject to disciplinary sanction by the entity to which he belongs or by the competent authority at the higher level.

Article 66 . The authorities for patent work should not participate in any such commercial activities as to recommend patented products to the public. Where any authorities for patent work violates the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it shall be ordered to amend its ways and to eliminate its bad influence by its competent authority at the higher level or by the supervisory authority, and its illegal income shall be confiscated .Where the circumstances are serious, any person directly responsible or any other person who are directly involved shall be subject to disciplinary sanction according to law.

Article 67 . Where any staff member of the government organs for patent administration or of other related government organs constitutes a crime by ignoring his duty, abusing his official power, acting wrongfully out of personal considerations or committing fraudulent acts, he shall be subject to criminal sanction. If a crime is not constituted, he shall be subject to disciplinary sanction according to law.

Chapter 8: Supplementary Provisions

Article 68 . Any application for a patent filed with, and any other proceedings before, the patent administrative organ under the State Council shall be subject to the payment of a fee as prescribed.

Article 69 . This Law shall enter into force on April 1, 1985.

商品说明书中英文对照

商品说明书中英文翻译对照 【药物名】对乙酰氨基酚 【其他名称】乙酰氨基酚；扑热息痛；退热净；醋氨酚；Acetaminophen；N-acetyl-P-aminophenol 【英文名称】Paracetamol 【适应症】用于感冒及流感，发热，减轻中度疼痛如关节痛、神经痛、肌肉痛、头痛、偏头痛、痛经、牙痛等症状。对阿司匹林过敏或不适应的患者应用本品尤为适宜。 【用法与用量】口服：成人每次300-500毫克，日2-3次。儿童每日2-3次，每次2-3岁50-100毫克；4-6岁100-150毫克；7-9岁150-200毫克；10-12岁200-250毫克；12岁以上250-500毫克；1岁以下儿童避免使用。 【注意事项】 （1）对阿司匹林过敏者一般对本品不发生过敏，但也有因对阿司匹林过敏而发生哮喘的病人中，少部分人在服用本品后发生轻度支气管痉挛性反应，因此，对阿司匹林过敏者慎用。 （2）孕妇和哺乳期妇女慎用。 （3）服用本品后如出现红斑或水肿症状，应立即停药。 【不良反应】一般剂量较少引起不良反应，对胃肠道刺激小，不会引起胃肠道出血。但也偶可引起恶心、呕吐、出汗、腹泻及面色苍白等不良反应。长期大量用药，对肝、肾均有损害，尤其是肾功能低下者，可能出现肾绞痛或急性肾功能衰竭。另外还可发生高铁血红蛋白血症。 【禁忌症】 （1）对本品过敏者禁用。

（2）1岁以下儿童及新生儿因肝、肾功能发育不全，应避免使用。 （3）酒精中毒、患肝病或病毒性肝炎时，本品有增加肝脏毒性作用的危险，应禁用。 （4）肾功能不全者禁用。 【限定剂型】片剂，咀嚼片，缓释片，泡腾片，分散片，胶囊剂，口服溶液剂，滴剂，糖浆剂，颗粒剂，泡腾颗粒剂，栓剂。 【药物贮藏】应在阴凉干燥处密闭保存。 【药物配伍】1、长期饮酒或正在应用其他肝酶诱导剂时，尤其是巴比妥类或其他抗痉挛药的患者，连续使用本品，有发生肝脏毒性反应的危险。 2、长期大量与阿司匹林、其他水酸盐制剂或其他非甾体抗炎药合用时（如每年累积用量达1000克，应用3年以上），可明显增加肾毒性的危险。 3、与抗病毒药剂多夫定合用时，会增加毒性，应避免同时应用。 4、与抗凝血药合用时可增加抗凝血作用，故要调整抗凝血药的用量。Paracetamol Main Use ：Pain, fever Active Ingredient ：Paracetamol Manufacturer ：Non-proprietary How does it work? This medicine contains the active ingredient paracetamol, which is a medicine used to relieve mild to moderate pain. It is also useful for reducing fever. It is not fully understood how paracetamol produces these effects. Paracetamol can be used to relieve mild to moderate aches and pains associated with conditions such as headaches, migraine, toothache, teething, colds and flu. It is also useful for reducing fever and discomfort associated with colds and flu and following vaccinations.

传播学术语中英对照

人内传播：intra-personal communication 自我互动：self interaction 象征符：symbol 内省式思考：reflective thinking 人际传播：personal communication 集合行为:collective behavior 乌合之众：crowd 流言：rumor 意见领袖：opinion leader 两级传播:two step flow of communication 中介因素：mediating factors 信息流：information flow 影响流:influencing flow 知沟:knowledge gap 数字鸿沟:digital gap 可信性：credibility 专业权威性:expertness 休眠效果（霍夫兰）：sleeper effect 诉诸理性：rational persuasion 诉诸情感：emotional persuasion 显著性:salience 自信心假说：self-confidence hypothesis

议程设置功能：the agenda-setting function:McCombs&Show What is the agenda-setting function: Media concentration on a few issues and subjects leads the public to perceive those issues as more important than other issues. That is,if a news item is covered frequently and prominently,the audience will regard the issue as more important. 属性议程设置：attributes agenda-setting 沉默的螺旋：the spiral of silence 社会合意：social consensus 意见气候：opinion climate 中坚分子：the hard core 培养分析：cultivation analysis 故事讲解员：story-teller 熔炉：melting-pot 新闻框架：news frame News frame的四种功能： Problem definition（提供问题定义）； causal interpretation（阐释事件原因）； moral evaluation（提供道德评价）；treatment recommendation（示意解决方案） 上限效果（ceiling effect）假说；信息富有者（information-rich） 信息贫困者（information-poor）媒介素养（media literacy）

新闻传播常用英语词汇表

传播学专业英语词汇表第一部分：基本传播学理论词汇 传播Communication 内向/自我传播Intrapersonal Communication 人际传播Interpersonal Communication 群体传播Group Communication 组织传播Organization Communication 大众传播Mass Communication 单向传播One-Sided Communication 双向传播Two-Sided Communication 互动传播Interactive Communication 媒介Media 大众传播媒介Mass Media 新媒介New Media 新闻洞News Hold

新闻价值News Value 传播者Communicator 主动传播者Active Communicator 受传者/受众/阅听大众Audience 受众兴坤Audience Interest 受众行为Audience Activity 信息Information 信号Signal 讯息Message 信息熵Entropy 冗余/冗余信息Redundancy 传播单位Communication Unit 奥斯古德模式Osgood Model 编码Encoding 解码Decoding

信源Source 传播的数学理论Mathematical Theory of Communication 传播渠道Communication Channel 有效传播Effective Communication 传播效果Effects 知识沟Knowledge-Gap 使用与满足模式Uses and Gratifications Model 使用与依从模式Uses and Dependencys Model 口传系统System of Oral Communication 地球村Global Village 内爆Implosion 全球化Globalization 本土化Localization 电子空间Cyber Space 数字化Digitalization

中英文对照说明书

前言 Preface 感您使用燃烧控制研究院生产的就地点火控制柜装置。 本公司的就地点火控制柜装置是燃烧控制研究院自主开发生产的高品质就地控制装置，在使用系列本程控装置之前请您仔细阅读该手册以保证正确使用并充分发挥其优越性。 本说明书对就地控制柜（以下简称控制柜）的操作和安装方法等做了详细的介绍。使用控制柜以前，在阅读本说明书的基础上，进行安全正确使用。Thank you for choosing the Local Ignition Control Cabinet designed by our company. The local ignition control device is explored by our company for the ignition control of boiler. This manual describes installation and operation of the cabinet clearly, please read this manual before using. 容介绍Brief introduction 本手册介绍了点火控制柜的组成、安装、配线、功能参数、日常使用维护及对故障的处理 The manual includes the cabinet’s components, installation, wiring, data, maintenance, and troubleshooting. 读者对象Applicable readers 本书适合下列人员阅读This manual is applicable for 设备安装人员、维护人员、设计人员 Installer, maintenance man, and designer 本书约定Stipulation 符号约定Symbol stipulations 说明提醒操作者需重点关注的地方 Points operator should pay attention to 由于没有按要求操作可能造成死亡或重伤的场合危险! This symbol indicates death or GBH that may occur as a result

新闻传播专业英语专业词汇整理大全

传播学英语专业词汇 传播 Communication 内向/自我传播 Intrapersonal Communication 人际传播 Interpersonal Communication 群体传播 Group Communication 组织传播 Organization Communication 大众传播 Mass Communication 单向传播 One-Sided Communication 双向传播 Two-Sided Communication 互动传播 Interactive Communication 媒介 Media 大众传播媒介 Mass Media 新媒介 New Media 新闻洞 News Hold 新闻价值 News Value 传播者 Communicator 主动传播者 Active Communicator 受传者/受众/阅听大众 Audience 受众兴趣 Audience Interest 受众行为 Audience Activity 信息 Information 信号 Signal 讯息 Message 信息熵 Entropy 冗余/冗余信息 Redundancy 传播单位 Communication Unit 奥斯古德模式 Osgood Model 编码 Encode 解码 Decode 信源 Source 传播的数学理论 Mathematical Theory of Communication 传播渠道 Communication Channel 有效传播 Effective Communication 传播效果 Effects 知识沟 Knowledge-Gap 使用与满足模式 Uses and Gratifications Model 使用与依从模式 Uses and Dependencys Model 口传系统 System of Oral Communication 地球村 Global Village 内爆 Implosion 全球化 Globalization 本土化 Localization 数字化 Digitalization 电子空间 Cyber Space

精品文档 (123)信托说明书-----不动产转移声明(中英文对照)

信托说明书 -----不动产转移声明 本信托声明书于19___年___月___日由___（姓名，地址）（以下简称“受托人”）作出。 This DECLARATION OF TRUST is made the _______day of ____19__，by（name）（address）．（hereinafter referred to as " the Trustee"） 鉴于 WHEREAS： 1．（略） 1．（omitted） 2．该项住宅事实上已转让给（姓名，地址）（以下简称“委托人”） 2．The said premises were in fact assigned to （name and address of beneficiary）（hereinafter referred to as "the Principal "）

本文据证明，受托人在此宣称，从该转让日起，已为委托人以信托而持有并将继续持有该住宅，该住宅的收入和利润及销售或处理时所得的收益，受托人在此同意，在该委托人要求时将该住宅转让、转移或作其他处理给委托人，或按委托人指示或指定在其时或以其指定的形式转让给其指定的人。 NOW THE DEED WITNESSETH that the Trustee doth hereby DECLARE that the Trustee has since the date of the said Assignment held and henceforth hold and stand possessed of the said premises and the income and profits thereof and the proceeds of sale thereof in case of the same shall be sold or disposed of UPON TRUST for the Principal and the Trustee doth hereby agree to assign transfer or otherwise dispose of the said premises to the Principal at the said (Principal) request or to such person or persons at such time or times or in such manner as the said Principal shall direct or appoint. 并在此声明，在本文据存在期间，一受托人有权指定新的或

最新各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表资料

各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics

统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law ) 诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws 经济法学Science of Economic Law 环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law 国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law) 军事法学Science of Military Law 政治学Political Science 政治学理论Political Theory 中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution 科学社会主义与国际****主义运动Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement 中国共产党党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics 国际政治学International Politics 国际关系学International Relations 外交学Diplomacy 社会学Sociology

木头电子钟中英文说明书

双屏数码声控木钟使用说明书（升级版） 一．产品简介 1）开机/复位：RESET键 2）功能特征： ◆工作电压：DC5V/500MA 或4节7号干电池（AAA） ◆万年历从2000年到2099年，共100年。 ◆时间，日期，温度，可自动切换显示，也可手动锁定显示时间，单按SET键切换。 ◆12/24小时：可以进行12/24小时制转换，默认24小时制，2016年1月1日，12：00 ◆三组闹铃，每组闹铃时长1分钟 ◆声控开关自由调节（按Down键） ◆工作日闹铃设置（长按SET键进入设置，ON E是打开，即周六周日不响闹铃；--E是关闭，即周一至周日每天都响闹铃） 2）产品常规配置 温馨提示：当您打开产品包装时请检查包装盒内是否有如下配件： ◆数码木钟一台 ◆使用说明书一份 ◆USB线一条 二．产品主要技术参数 ◆本产品直接配电源适配器使用，电源适配器的输入电压： AC110V-240V，50/60HZ，电源适配器的输出电压：DC5V/500MA-1000MA。 也可以使用AAA*4节电池备用。（使用电池时建议开启声控功能。） ◆声控模式下，当近距离声音大于60分贝时就可以唤醒显示。 三．显示及按键介绍 1）显示功能说明 2）按键功能说明

四．功能设置 在正常显示状态下，长按设置键（SET），3秒不放，显示闪动。设置顺序为: 年-月-日→12H/24H→时-分→闹钟(A1-时-分,A2-时-分,A3-时-分)→工作日闹铃开关。 ◆年设置：按住设置健(SET)三秒，年所在位闪动,按向上键(UP)/ 向下键(DOWN)可以向上或向下调整,长按可以快进/快退 ◆月设置：年设置完成后，再按设置健(SET)进入月调整,月所在位闪动,按向上键(UP)/ 向下键(DOWN)可以向上或向下调整,长按可以快进/快退 ◆日设置：月设置完成后，再按设置健(SET)进入日调整,日所在位闪动,按向上键(UP)/ 向下键(DOWN)可以向上或向下调整,长按可以快进/快退 ◆12/24H设置：日设置完成后，再按设置健(SET)进入12/24小时调整,按向上键(UP)/ 向下键(DOWN)可切换12/24小时制。 ◆时设置：12/24H设置完成后，再按设置健(SET)进入时调整,时所在位闪动,按向上键(UP)/ 向下键(DOWN)可以向上或向下调整,长按可以快进/快退 ◆分设置：时设置完成后，再按设置健(SET)进入分调整,分所在位闪动,按向上键(UP)/ 向下键(DOWN)可以向上或向下调整,长按可以快进/快退 ◆第一组闹铃设置：分设置完成后，再按设置键（SET）进入第一组闹铃设置显示“--：A1”。按向上键（UP）打开闹铃显示“ON：A1”。再按设置键（SET）时所在位闪动，按向上键（UP）/向下键（DOWN）可以向上或向下调整，长按可以快进/快退；再按设置键（SET）分所在位闪动，按向上键（UP）/向下键（DOWN）可以向上或向下调整，长按可以快进/快退。 ◆第二组闹铃设置：第一组闹铃设置完成后，再按设置键（SET）进入第二组闹铃设置显示“--：A2”。按向上键（UP）打开闹铃显示“ON：A2”。再按设置键（SET）时所在位闪动，按向上键（UP）/向下键（DOWN）可以向上或向下调整，长按可以快进/快退；再按设置键（SET）分所在位闪动，按向上键（UP）/向下键（DOWN）可以向上或向下调整，长按可以快进/快退。 ◆闹铃3设置：第二组闹铃设置完成后，再按设置键（SET）进入第三组闹铃设置显示“--：A3”。按向上键（UP）打开闹铃显示“ON：A3”。再按设置键（SET）时所在位闪动，按向上键（UP）/向下键（DOWN）可以向上或向下调整，长按可以快进/快退；再按设置键（SET）分所在位闪动，按向上键（UP）/向下键（DOWN）可以向上或向下调整，长按可以快进/快退。 ◆工作日闹铃设置：第三组闹铃设置完成后，再按设置键（SET）进入工作日闹铃设置显示“--：E”，再按向上键（UP）/向下键（DOWN），可进行“ON：E”和“--：E”选择，“ON：E”是休息日不闹铃（星期六星期天闹铃关），“--：E”是休息日闹铃（星期六星期天闹铃开）。 ◆向上键（UP）功能：温度/华氏度转换，亮度调节。 短按向上键（UP），显示“C”温度，再按向上键（UP）显示“F”华氏度。 ◆声控模式的切换：按DOWN键，“ON：sd”是声控开启，“--：sd”是声控关闭。 ◆亮度的调节：长按向上键（UP）三秒显示“L1”正常亮，再短按向下键（DOWN）显示“L2”亮度减弱，再短按向下键（DOWN）显示“L3”亮度在次减弱，按UP键亮度增强。设置完成后长按向上键（UP）三秒退出设置。RESET键： 当操作出错或操作不当引起死机时，可按电池槽里面的“RESET”键恢复到出厂设置。 五．注意事项 ◆该产品是全木质外盒，请您在干燥通风的环境下使用，注意防潮，不宜长时间处于颠覆震动，多沉，高温或温度变化剧烈的场所。 ◆请您在使用时注意不要跌落，以免造成产品的边或角损坏。 ◆使用本产品时，最好使用高能量的AA碱性电池。如果显示变暗或一直在闪动，说明AA电池已快没电了，请及时更换电池，以防电池漏液而损坏产品。如果在停电时不能维持正常走时，请确认内置电池（CR2032）是否装好或可

传播学经典理论英文翻译(可编辑修改word版)

1.O pinion Leaders Active in information networks, have many information channels ,so they can often provide information and advice for others and can influence others. 2.T he Spiral of Silence For a controversial issue, people will watch the "climate of opinion" before they make comments . judging their opinion whether the "majority opinion", when people feel that their views are "majority" or in the "advantage" , it will tend to boldly express this opinion; when found his views are "a few" or in a "disadvantage" they often remain "silent." The more people remain silent, the more feel that their views are not well accepted, thus a result, the more they tend to remain silent. Repeated several times, they form representing "dominant" status views and more powerful, while holding "inferior" opinions of people sound more and more weak, such a cycle, forming a "one more loudly, and the other more and more silent spiral down the process. " 3.Gatekeeper Lewin was first proposed this idea. The information was screened and filtered by communicator. Communicators decide what we can see and how we can see . 4.Selective exposure hypothesis Audience in the contact information of the mass media is not

信托说明书(中英文对照)

信托说明书（中英文对照） 信托说明书 -----不动产转移声明 本信托声明书于20___年___月___日由___（姓名，地址）（以下简称“受托人”）作出。 This DECLARATION OF TRUST is made the _______day of ______， by（name）（address）。（hereinafter referred to as “ the Trustee”） 鉴于WHEREAS： 1.（略） 1.（omitted） 2. 该项住宅事实上已转让给（姓名，地址）（以下简称“委托人”） 2. The said premises were in fact assigned to （name and address of beneficiary）（hereinafter referred to as “the Principal ”） 本文据证明，受托人在此宣称，从该转让日起，已为委托人以信托而持有并将继续持有该住宅，该住宅的收入和利润及销售或处理时所得的收益，受托人在此同意，在该委托人要求

时将该住宅转让、转移或作其他处理给委托人，或按委托人指示或指定在其时或以其指定的形式转让给其指定的人。 NOW THE DEED WITNESSETH that the Trustee doth hereby DECLARE that the Trustee has since the date of the said Assignment held and henceforth hold and stand possessed of the said premises and the income and profits thereof and the proceeds of sale thereof in case of the same shall be sold or disposed of UPON TRUST for the Principal and the Trustee doth hereby agree to assign transfer or otherwise dispose of the said premises to the Principal at the said （Principal） request or to such person or persons at such time or times or in such manner as the said Principal shall direct or appoint. 并在此声明，在本文据存在期间，一受托人有权指定新的或额外的受托人。 IT IS HEREBY FURTHER DECLARED that the Trustee shall，during the subsistence of this Deed，have power of appointing new or additional trustees.

专利法实施细则全文

专利法实施细则全文 第一章总则 第一条根据《中华人民共和国专利法》(以下简称专利法)，制定本细则。 第二条专利法和本细则规定的各种手续，应当以书面形式或者国务院专利行政部门规定的其他形式办理。 第三条依照专利法和本细则规定提交的各种文件应当使用中文; 国家有统一规定的科技术语的，应当采用规范词;外国人名、地名和 科技术语没有统一中文译文的，应当注明原文。 依照专利法和本细则规定提交的各种证件和证明文件是外文的，国务院专利行政部门认为必要时，可以要求当事人在指定期限内附 送中文译文;期满未附送的，视为未提交该证件和证明文件。 第四条向国务院专利行政部门邮寄的各种文件，以寄出的邮戳日为递交日;邮戳日不清晰的，除当事人能够提出证明外，以国务院专 利行政部门收到日为递交日。 国务院专利行政部门的各种文件，可以通过邮寄、直接送交或者其他方式送达当事人。当事人委托专利代理机构的，文件送交专利 代理机构;未委托专利代理机构的，文件送交请求书中指明的联系人。 国务院专利行政部门邮寄的各种文件，自文件发出之日起满15日，推定为当事人收到文件之日。 根据国务院专利行政部门规定应当直接送交的文件，以交付日为送达日。 文件送交地址不清，无法邮寄的，可以通过公告的方式送达当事人。自公告之日起满1个月，该文件视为已经送达。

第五条专利法和本细则规定的各种期限的第一日不计算在期限内。期限以年或者月计算的，以其最后一月的相应日为期限届满日;该月 无相应日的，以该月最后一日为期限届满日;期限届满日是法定休假 日的，以休假日后的第一个工作日为期限届满日。 第六条当事人因不可抗拒的事由而延误专利法或者本细则规定的期限或者国务院专利行政部门指定的期限，导致其权利丧失的，自 障碍消除之日起2个月内，最迟自期限届满之日起2年内，可以向 国务院专利行政部门请求恢复权利。 除前款规定的情形外，当事人因其他正当理由延误专利法或者本细则规定的期限或者国务院专利行政部门指定的期限，导致其权利 丧失的，可以自收到国务院专利行政部门的通知之日起2个月内向 国务院专利行政部门请求恢复权利。 当事人依照本条第一款或者第二款的规定请求恢复权利的，应当提交恢复权利请求书，说明理由，必要时附具有关证明文件，并办 理权利丧失前应当办理的相应手续;依照本条第二款的规定请求恢复 权利的，还应当缴纳恢复权利请求费。 当事人请求延长国务院专利行政部门指定的期限的，应当在期限届满前，向国务院专利行政部门说明理由并办理有关手续。 本条第一款和第二款的规定不适用专利法第二十四条、第二十九条、第四十二条、第六十八条规定的期限。 第七条专利申请涉及国防利益需要保密的，由国防专利机构受理并进行审查;国务院专利行政部门受理的专利申请涉及国防利益需要 保密的，应当及时移交国防专利机构进行审查。经国防专利机构审 查没有发现驳回理由的，由国务院专利行政部门作出授予国防专利 权的决定。 国务院专利行政部门认为其受理的发明或者实用新型专利申请涉及国防利益以外的国家安全或者重大利益需要保密的，应当及时作 出按照保密专利申请处理的决定，并通知申请人。保密专利申请的 审查、复审以及保密专利权无效宣告的特殊程序，由国务院专利行 政部门规定。

英文总结修订版传播学名词解释

1. I & Me: （主我与客我）The I is the impulsive,（冲动的）unorganized,（无组织的）undirected,（无向的）unpredictable part of you. （不可预知的你的一部分）The Me is the generalized other, made up of the organized and consistent patterns shared with others.。客我是广义的,由有组织的和一致的方式与他人分享。 2. The Looking-glass Self: （镜中我）This theory explains socialization （社会化）as a reflection process （作为反射过程中）in which a person develops a self-image that is constructed based on how other people view him/her. （一个人发展的自我形象，构建基于别人是如何看待他/她）In this way, a person is socialized by trying to adjust their self-image.（通过这种方式,一个人社会化试图调整他们的自我形象） 3. Time-biased media:（偏向时间的媒介）Time-biased media could carry information and messages that last for many generations,（时代）but tend to reach limited audiences, （但往往达到有限的观众,如粘土、石碑,.手抄手稿等等。 ）such as clay, stone tablets, hand-copied manuscript and so on. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ca13329767.html,munication effect: Communication behaviors（行为）with persuading（说服）motivation（动机）exert changes about mental, attitudes and action on audiences. 传播效果:带有劝服性动机的沟通行为，会对观众精神，态度和行动上产生变化。 5.Opinion leader: （意见领袖）People who are active in information networks, and have many information channels, and they can often provide information and advice for others and can influence others.（在信息网络活跃的人,和有很多的信息渠道,他们经常为他人提供信息和建议,可以影响别人） 6.Two-step flow of communication: （两级传播理论）Communication from the mass media first reaches “opinion leaders” who filter （过滤器）the information they have gathered to their associates, with whom they are influential. （信息）先从大众媒体沟通达到“意见领袖”过滤信息聚集在他们的同事,与他们都有影响力。[先面向影响者做营销,再激励影响者面向大众做营销] 7. Agenda Setting Theory:(议程设置理论) Mass media report an issue or not directly affect people’s perception 感知on the subject. 主题However, mass media highlights 强调an issue will cause people to pay more attention to the issue.大众媒体报告一

中英文对照说明书

前言 Preface 感谢您使用徐州燃烧控制研究院有限公司生产的就地点火控制柜装置。 本公司的就地点火控制柜装置是徐州燃烧控制研究院有限公司自主开发生产的高品质就地控制装置，在使用系列本程控装置之前请您仔细阅读该手册以保证正确使用并充分发挥其优越性。 本说明书对就地控制柜（以下简称控制柜）的操作和安装方法等做了详细的介绍。使用控制柜以前，在阅读本说明书的基础上，进行安全正确使用。Thank you for choosing the Local Ignition Control Cabinet designed by our company. The local ignition control device is explored by our company for the ignition control of boiler. This manual describes installation and operation of the cabinet clearly, please read this manual before using. 内容介绍Brief introduction 本手册介绍了点火控制柜的组成、安装、配线、功能参数、日常使用维护及对故障的处理 The manual includes the cabinet’s components, installation, wiring, data, maintenance, and troubleshooting. 读者对象Applicable readers 本书适合下列人员阅读This manual is applicable for 设备安装人员、维护人员、设计人员 Installer, maintenance man, and designer 本书约定Stipulation 符号约定Symbol stipulations 说明提醒操作者需重点关注的地方 Points operator should pay attention to

各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表

各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表

————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期： ?

各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表 哲学Phｉｌoｓopｈy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Mａrxism 中国哲学ＣhinesｅＰhｉlｏｓｏpｈy 外国哲学ForeiｇｎPhiloｓopｈｉes ?逻辑学Loｇiｃ?伦理学Ｅthiｃs 美学Ａｅstheｔics 宗教学Science of Rｅｌigiｏn?科学技术哲学Philｏsoｐhy ｏf Sciencｅ ａnｄTecｈｎolｏgy?经济学Ecoｎｏｍiｃs?理论经济学Ｔhｅoreｔicaｌ Ｅcoｎomｉcs ?政治经济学PｏlｉticａｌＥconoｍy ?经济思想史History oｆEconｏｍｉc Thougｈt ?经济史Hｉstoｒy of Eｃonoｍｉc 西方经济学WesｔernＥcoｎoｍiｃs?世界经济World Economｉcs ?人口、资源与环境经济学Populａｔion,Rｅsｏurces ａnｄＥnｖiroｎmentaｌＥcoｎoｍｉcs 应用经济学Aｐpｌied Econｏmｉcs 国民经济学Natｉｏnal Economics?区域经济学Rｅgionａl Ｅconｏmics ?财政学（含税收学)Ｐublic Ｆｉnanｃe (incｌudiｎｇＴaxａtion) 金融学（含保险学) Fiｎance (incｌuｄing Inｓurａnce)?产业经济学Indusｔrial Economiｃs ?国际贸易学Ｉｎｔｅrｎatioｎal Trade 劳动经济学Laｂor Econoｍｉcs ?统计学Staｔｉｓtics ?数量经济学Quanｔita ｔive Eｃonoｍｉcs ?中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学Nａtionａl Defense Economicｓ?法学Ｌaw 法学Ｓciｅｎce of Law ?法学理论Jurisｐrudeｎcｅ?法律史Legal Hiｓtory ?宪法学与行政法学Ｃoｎstituｔｉｏnal Law aｎd Adｍｉnistrative Law 刑法学Criｍiｎal Jurisｐruｄeｎｃe 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学）Civil Ｌaw and Commｅｒｃial Lａw （i ｎｃlｕdiｎg Sciｅnce ｏf LaｂouｒLawａnd Ｓcience oｆＳｏcial Ｓec ｕrｉtｙLaw）?诉讼法学Scｉeｎce of PｒｏｃedurｅLａｗs ?经济法学Sc ｉeｎce oｆＥｃonomic Law ?环境与资源保护法学Science oｆEｎvirｏnｍent anｄNatuｒal Rｅsｏuｒｃｅs Ｐrotection Law 国际法学（含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、）Ｉntｅｒnaｔionaｌlaw （includiｎg Inｔerｎatiｏnａl Public lａw, Intｅrnaｔiｏnal PｒivａtｅLaw a