非谓语动词

专项复习之非谓语动词

【教学目标】

让学生掌握部分动词的非谓语形式(动名词、分词、动词不定式)的用法。

【教学重点难点】

1.感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；

2.动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；

3.一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to,但变为被动语态时就要带to；

4.有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同。

【知识梳理】

非谓语动词包括动词不定式（to+动词原形）、动词-ing形式（动名词、现在分词）和过去分词，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。非谓语动词在句中起名词、形容词或副词作用,而不能作谓语。

一、动词不定式形式（to do）

1．不定式的句法作用

动词不定式（to do）具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语（主动语态句中宾语补足语、被动语态句中主语补足语）等。

(1)作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It＋be＋形容词＋(for /of sb.)＋动词不定式。

It’s important (for us) to protect the environment. (对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。

It’s very kind of you to help me．你帮助我真是太好啦。

注意：1）当形容词仅仅是描述事物的特征特点，如important, easy, interesting等词时，sb.前的介词要用for。2）当形容词表示人的品质、性格等，如kind，good，nice，clever等词时，sb.前的介词要用of。

(2)作表语

不定式作表语常用来说明主语的内容、性质、特征等，往往置于系动词be, seem后。

My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。

(3)作宾语

①一些谓语动词后只能接不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如would like/ want（想要），wish/hope（希望），decide（决定），plan（计划），expect（期待），ask（要求），choose

（选择），agree（同意），learn（学习）等。

Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？

②常见的后接不带to的不定式（即动词原形）作宾语的结构：had better do（最好做某事），why not do...（为什么不……），could you please do...（请你……可以吗），would rather do（宁愿做某事）等。

③find，think，make等动词后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

I think it easy to read English every day．我认为每天读英语很容易。

注意：有些动词后面既可+不定式，也可接v-ing形式做宾语，但意义差别较大。

① stop to do sth.停下来做另一件事（to do表达的是要做的事情），如：Stop thinking，please.请停止思考。

stop doing sth.停止做某事（doing表达的是要停止的事情），如：Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来思考一下。

②remember/forget to do sth.记得/忘记做某事（事情未发生），如：

Please remember to post my letter. 请记得把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)

I forgot to bring my homework．我忘记带作业了。(没带作业)

remember/ forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做了某事（事情已发生），如：

I remember posting your letter. 我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出)

I forgot bringing my homework．我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来)

③try to do sth. 努力/尽力做某事，如：Please try to do better next time. 请下次设法做得更好些。

try doing sth.试着做某事（试试看行不行），如：He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。

④go on to do sth.继续做某事（做完一件事，接着去做另一件事），如：Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。（前后练习不同）

Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一会儿之后继续做练习。（休息前后做的是相同的事情）

(4)宾语补足语（v.+sb./sth.+to do sth.）

动词不定式作宾补时，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。常见的+不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：ask（请），tell（告诉），allow（允许），expect（期待），teach（教）等。如：

Lucy asked him to turn down the radio．露西要他关小收音机的音量。

注意：一些感官动词和使役动词要用不带to的动词不定式（即动词原形）作宾语补足语：这些动词有一感(feel)，二听(hear, listen to), 三让(let, make, have), 四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助（help）——help后面的宾补既可+to，也可不加。但以上所有动词用于被动语态时必须加上to。如：

He often watches his son play computer games. 他经常看他儿子玩电脑游戏。（主动语态用原形，watch sb. do sth.）

= His son is often watched to play computer games. （被动语态用to do，be watched to do sth.）

(5)作定语

动词不定式作定语时，应放在所修饰词（名词、代词）的后面，与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如：I have a lot of homework to do．我有许多家庭作业要做。（to do修饰名词homework）

注意：如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：

There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。（介词about不能省略）

Weihai is a good place to live in．威海是一个居住的好地方。（介词in不能省略）

(6)作状语

不定式作状语往往表示目的、原因、结果和比较等。

Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter．王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的)

We’re glad to meet you here. 我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因)

He is too tired to work on．他太累了而不能继续工作。(结果)

2．不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not（not to do）。

They told us not to play basketball too long. 他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。

3．不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，可在句中用作主语或宾语。

When to go to Shanghai hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候去上海还没定下来。(作主语)

He didn’t know where to go．他不知道去哪里。(作宾语)

注意：“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语可转换为该疑问词引导的宾语从句。

Can you tell me where to get the book？你能告诉我哪里能得到这本书吗？

＝Can you tell me where I can get the book?

二、动名词（v-ing）形式（doing）

动名词由“动词原形＋-ing”构成，动名词具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

1．作主语（注意：动名词短语在句中作主语时，谓语动词用三单）

Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对身体健康有害。

2．作宾语（可作动词宾语或介词宾语，表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作）

I don’t mind listening to that story again.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。（作动词宾语）

Stamps are used for sending letters. 邮票是用来寄信的。（作介词宾语）

积累：常见的只+动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：mind（介意），finish（完成），enjoy（喜欢），allow（允许），practise（练习），advise（建议），imagine（想象），suggest（建议），miss （错过），consider（考虑），give up（放弃），put off（推迟），be worth（值得），be busy（忙于），feel like（想要），be used to（习惯于），keep on（继续），can’t help（不禁，忍不住）等。

注意：1）allow, advise等动词后接宾语和宾语补足语时形式不同：

allow doing允许做某事（动名词作宾语）；如：W e don’t allow smoking here.我们不允许在这儿吸烟。

allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事（不定式作宾补），如：We don’t allow students to go out on school days.上学期间我们不允许学生外出。

2）当need，require，want作“需要”讲时，后接动词-ing形式主动式等于不定式的被动式。例：

The window needs cleaning. ＝The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗户需要被清洗。

3．作表语（有时作表语的动名词可与主语转换）

My mother’s job is raising chicken.我母亲的工作是养鸡。

＝Raising chicken is my mother’s job.

4．作定语（动名词作定语，表明它所修饰词的用途、所属关系等，常置于所修饰词之前）

A walking stick is a must for my grandpa now. 如今我爷爷行走离不开手杖了。

三、分词（现在分词、过去分词）

1．分词的构成：现在分词的基本形式与动名词相同，由“动词+ing”构成（doing）。

过去分词的基本形式是“动词＋-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。

2．分词的句法功能

（1）分词做定语，其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词，注意，单个分词作定语时放在所修饰词的前面；分词短语作定语时则往往放在其后面：如：

Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树下面的那位女孩儿吗？（standing...是现在分词短语作定语，放在所修饰词the girl的后面）

People shouldn’t drink polluted water. 人们不应该喝被污染的水。（polluted是过去分词作定语，单个词作定语放在修饰词water的前面）

（2）分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。如：

The students went out of classroom, talking and laughing。学生们谈笑着走出了教室。（talking and laughing是现在分词作伴随状语）

She went out of the classroom, followed by her students. 她走出教室，后面跟着她的学生。（followed by her students是过去分词短语作伴随状语）

（3）分词作表语。现在分词作表语表示主语（事物）的性质、特征等；过去分词作表语往往表示主语（人）的感觉。（这些做表语的分词经常作形容词来用，二者区别即是我们平时强调的以-ing/-ed结尾的形容词的用法区别。）

The situation is encouraging形势令人鼓舞。

The boy is too frightened to move。这个男孩儿太害怕了，以至于不能动了。

（4）分词作补足语。现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）。过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是他的逻辑宾语（即被动关系）。如：

Don’t keep us waiting for a long time，不要让我们等得太久。

He’ll have his hair cut after school. 放学后他要去理发。

注意：分词的几点易错辨析：

1、现在分词与过去分词的区别：

(1)在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。

the surprising news令人惊讶的消息； a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人

(2)在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。

the developing country 发展中国家；the developed country发达国家

（简单地说：现在分词表主动、表正在进行；过去分词表被动、表已经完成）

2、现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：

常见的动词如see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接动词-ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。

I heard him singing in the classroom. 我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)

I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)

3、易混句式have sb.do sth.，have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done区别：

(1)have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。

The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father。士兵们让这个男孩儿背对他的父亲站着。

(2)have sb. doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。

The man had the boy running all night long. 那个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。

(3)have sth. done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb. else to do sth.。过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义。

My father had his car washed once a week.我父亲每周让人洗一次车。

【品味中考】

【考例1】It’s very nice pictures for me. [天津]

A. of you to draw

B. for you to draw

C. for you drawing

D. of you drawing

[答案]A [解析]考查It’s+形容词+of/for sb. +to do sth.句中it为形式主语，to do是真正的主语，当形容词是表示品质意思时，应该用of sb．，其他形容词用for sb．，故此题答案为A。

【考例2】—Mr. Wang，I have trouble _______the text．

—Remember ____it three times at least．[威海市]

A. to understand；reading

B. understanding；reading

C. understanding；to read

D. to understand；to read

[答案]C [解析]have trouble doing something意为“做某事有困难”，所以答案在B与C中。remember to do something意为“记得(去)做某事”，remember doing something意为“记得做过某事”，由对话的语境可知，前者正确。

【考例3】—How are you feeling here?

—It’s quite hot. I don’t know to go or stay. [武汉]

A. how

B. when

C. whether

D. where

[答案]C [解析]考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道是走还是留下来。”故选C。

【考例4】Many people think it’s very important us learn English well.

A. for, to

B. to, to

C. with, for [贵阳]

[答案]A[解析]考查“主语+feel/think/ make/ find +it +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.句中it为形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语，”故此题答案为A。

【考例5】Drivers are warned ________when they are tired.[佛山]

A. to drive

B. not drive

C. not to drive

[答案]C 考查动词不定式的否定结构。否定形式是在to前面加not。故选C。

【考例6】Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer. [长沙]

A. swim

B. to swim

C. swimming

[答案]B [解析]考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tell sb．to do sth．表示告诉某人做某事，tell 后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not。

【考例7】Betty is often seen _______the old man with his housework.[咸宁]

A. help

B. to help

C. helped

D. helps

[答案]B。[解析]考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加to。故选B。

【考例8】—How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?

—It makes us ________proud.[包头]

A. feel

B. to feel

C. felt

D. feeling

[答案]A。[解析] 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。故选A。

【考例9】—Shopping with me? —Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . （南昌）

A. to wash

B. washed

C. wash

D. to be washed [答案] A

【考例10】—Linda, I am very thirsty.

—Let’s go to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? [重庆]

A. buy

B. bought

C. to buy

D. buying [答案]C

【本课小节】

【当堂达标】

I,. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. It takes my younger sister an hour (dance) every day.

2. Whenever you have a chance (speak) English, you should take it.

3. Mrs Li always tells her students (not play) on the road because it’s really dangerous.

4.—I’m new here.—Don’t worry. I’ll do what I can (help) you.

5. — Excuse me. Could you please tell me where(park) my car?

— Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you.

6. I’m sleepy. I prefer (sleep) at home to going out for a walk.

7.— Mom, why must I stop (play) the computer game? — For your health, my boy.

8. I like to watch people (walk) in the street.

9. We live in a place (call)Gum Tree.

10. — Why do you speak in such a loud voice?

— Because I want to make myself (hear) clearly.

II. 单项选择。

( )1. People were excited when they saw “Monkey King” 2014 the Yellow River Estuary (入海口) International Marathon.

A. losing

B. running

C. refusing

D. forgetting

( )2. Don’t forget ______ thanks when other people help you.

A. accept

B. to accept

C. say

D. to say

( )3.—What do you think of your school, Linda?

—It’s a good place for us to ________ ourselves for th e future.

A. promise

B. prove

C. prepare

D. present

( )4. —I’m sorry I ________ my exercise book at home this morning.

—It doesn’t matter. Don’t forget ________ it here this afternoon.

A. left; to take

B. forgot; bringing

C. left; to bring

D. forgot; to bring ( )5. We all know that learning a foreign language _______ time and effort.

A. requires

B. reduces

C. removes

D. repeats

( )6. Tom likes cars. He enjoys ______ model cars of all kinds.

A. collects

B. collecting

C. to collect

D. collected

( )7. The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers ______ halfway.

A. stop

B. to stop

C. stopping

D. stopped

( )8. I’11 give a talk tomorrow. I’m thinking about.

A. what to say

B. how to say

C. what can I say

D. how can I say

( )9. My sister doesn’t like the dress. She thinks it makes her fat.

A. look

B. looks

C. to look

D. looked

( )10.You may be _______if you have a ______ problem.

A. exciting; excited

B. excited; exciting

C. worrying; worried

D. worried; worrying ( )11. China’s badminton team won the Sudirman Cup for the fifth time; they deserved _____.

A. to reward

B. rewarding

C. to be rewarded

D. being rewarded

( )12. — Mum, I’m hungry.

—What about going to McDonald’s ______ fried chicken?

A. eat

B. to eat

C. eating

D. and eat

( )13.Your father is sleeping. You’d better ___________.

A. not to wake him up

B. not wake him up

C. not wake up him

D. not to wake up him

( )14. My watch doesn’t work. I must have it ________.

A. repaired

B. repairs

C. repair

D. repairing

( )15. Stop ________ so much noise! My father is sleeping.

A. to make

B. making

C. to hear

D. hearing

非谓语动词全面讲解

非謂语动词（一） 一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译： 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了

英语非谓语动词对比辨析100题

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