英美概况学习要领

英美概况学习要领

关于《英语国家概况》课程方面的辅导材料很少。现在又面临课程改革，薄薄的旧版本换成了700多页的厚本，实在是让人挠头。在这种情况下，我总结了自己的学习思路与具体的学习方法。

思路共分三步：

第一步：粗读。先看大纲，然后把课本翻看一遍，大纲没涉及的内容也要看。

第二步：精读。要面面俱到，读完每一章后，要做练习册上的题，除此之外，把自己总结的题也要掌握，然后重读这一章。历史要一字不漏地看，其它的内容可参阅大纲，只抓重点部分看。

第三步：记重点。在熟悉习题的基础上，要通读全文，要看重点，依据题型去套书中的内容。具体的学习方法如下：

一.通读全文，掌握框架

读书也要讲大将风范，有了具体的思路之后，还要在头脑中形成清晰的框架，从整体入手，然后，再把具体的重点加上去，这样，掌握起来，就不至凌乱。

二.找准重点，理清线索

熟悉课文内容是任何一科都必不可少的。《英语国家概况》比其它课要难，英国与美国的历史部分占很大篇幅，要作为重点去掌握，但这部分内容看起来又是那么宠杂，因此理清线索，摸清脉络之后，我们理解起来就轻松多了。

如：英国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索：early settlers——Roman invations——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invations——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorius Revolution——the Industrial Revolution ——in the two World Wars

美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索：the war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——in the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietname War

每个要点之后都分别有重点，尤其每次战争的背景、时间、起因、结果都需要全面了解。三.对比分析，找出差别

在自学过程中，我对这种方法应用最多。可以说对比无处不在。例如，每个国家的政体有共同点，也有差别，差别就需要记住。因为这往往是选择题里要出的内容。下面就把这个政体的比较列表呈现给大家:

Country Party system Houses

Britain The conservative Party, The House of Commons

The Labour Party The House of Lorbs

The U.S. The Democrats, The Senate,

The Republic The House of Representatives

Ireland Fianna Fail, The Senate,

Fine Gael The House of Representatives

Australia The Labour Party, The Senate,

the Liberal and National Party The House of Representatives

New Zealand The National Party，

The Labour Party The House of Representatives

Canada The Liberal Party, The Senate,

the Progressive Conservative Party The House of Representatives

四.依据大纲，，做好习题

习题既包括练习册上的题，又包括在精读课文时自己总结的题。要从出题老师的角度去分析，依据大纲会在哪一细节上命题。例如，依据上面提到的对比分析可出这样的题：Canada’s political party system is not____?A.one party rule B.two party rule C.one and a half party rule D.no party rule.

经济方面的内容也不容忽视，容易出综合性试题，例如：New Zealand is the world leader in ____.

A.leather industry

B.fish industry

C.new industries

D.shipbuilding industry.

又如：Which is faulse in the following kinds of saying about Britain’s agricultural?A.Farming is one of Britains most important industries. B.It’s highly mechanized. C.People engaged in farming have increased lightely over recent years. D.it’s the source of most of the food and many of the raw materials of the country.

如果没有经过认真看书，就不能总结出类似的试题。因此，自学过程中要不断积累总结知识点，自己给自己出题，加之练习册上的习题，经这样反复演练，对付考试就易如反掌了。

一.自然资源

英国:Compare with many other countries,Britain has comsiderable reserves of coal.Today British coal mining is called a "sick" industry.

Natural gas and oil was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea.

Britain was the first nation to build a large iron and steel industry.Rich deposits of iron ore were found in central England.

As with the coal industry,Britain's steel industry is declining.

美国:Fertile soil is one of the most important natural resouces in the United States.

America's forest resources are among the world's largest.

Another natural resource that contributes to the welfare of the country is water.

America is the leaders in production of Coal,iron ore,cpper,oil,sulfur,lead and zine.

But short for tin,manganese,and nikel.

爱尔兰:Ireland is now the largest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europe.

While Ireland lacks sizeable oil deposits,it has a valuable energy source in the peat,or turt,bogs that cover extensive areas of the country.

加拿大:Water is one of the most important natural resources in Canada.

Almost half of the land area of Canada is covered by forests. Canada ranks third,in the production of lumber and other forest products in the world.The largest producer of newsprint in the world.

Canada is a primary world producer of nickle,zine and asbestoes,and comes second in potash,third in gold and fourth in copper.

Canada is a major world supplier of uranium.

Experts believe that the cold fields of Canada may be among the largest in the world.

A great deposit of petroleum was discovered south of Edmonton in Alberta. About two thurds of Canada's petroleum and about four fifths of its natural gas come from Alberta.

澳大利亚:Australia is one of the world's biggest producers of minerals and metals.

It has major deposits of bauxite,mineral sands,diamonds,and black and brown coal,and large reserves of ores containing gold,lead,zinc,iron,copper,nikel,manganese and uranium. It is the world largest exporter of coal,and a major exporter of uranium.

新西兰:There is an increasingly large share of energy comes from local resources:natural gas,crude oil,hydroelectricity and geothermal steam. Coal is of growing importance.Solar energy,vegetable oils and ethylalcohol from fermentation make small contributions.

二.农业

英国:The Britain were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming.The new farming has been called "agribusiness".There are mainly six farming types in Britain.They are arable farning,dairy fariming,stock farming,mixed farming,hill farming and market gardening.

Because of the cool climate,apples,pears and plums grwo very well in Britain.

The North Sea has very good fishing grounds.

美国:Yet the United States grows nearly one fourth of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.

It ranks first,second,or third in the production and export of corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, oranges, meat,milk, apples,oats,cotton,tobaoo, peanuts,and edible vegetable oil.(具体的在什么地方种什么东西可以参照书上P289-291)

爱尔兰:Agriculture generates anestimated 11% of the Ireland GNP,employs 17% of the labour force and produces 25% of total exports.

The most signigicant recent development in Irish agriculture has been membership in the European Community.

加拿大:The land used for agriculture makes up only 7% in Canada. Canada farms specialize in producing wheat,food crops for animals dairy products,and fruit.Fishing and mining are quite important.

The Canada Prairie is the centre of a rich wheat belt.

Eastern Canada is noted for a variety of farm products.

Dairying is in the lowlands of Quebec and Ontario.

Fruits are grown in Western Nova Scotia.

澳大利亚:Today,agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry.Australia is one of the

world's leading producers of food and natural fibres.Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool,the second largest exporter of meat,the third largest exporter of wheat and a major international supplier of sugar,dairy products,fruits,cotton and rice.

Australia's agriculture importance has declined in recent years.

新西兰:Vineyards produce international award-winning red and white wines.

三.制造业,工业

英国:The textile is one of Britain's oldest.Textiles were on of the country's most vauluable exports. Britain became a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the 19th century.The two main centres for shipbuilding were on the River Tyne near Newcastle,England and on the Clyde near Glasgow in Scotland.

The Britain motor industry now dominated by four firms(Ford,the Rover Group,GM-Vauxhall,and Peugeot)

There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth. Scotland has Europe's largest collection of foreign-owned chip factories.Over 90% of the companies are from the U.S.A.,Japan,the Netherlands and germany.

美国:The untied States ranks first,second,third or fourth in the world in the production of crude steel,passenger cars,commercial vehicles,chemicals,radio sets,television sets,and other manufacturing goods.Manufacturing accounts for about one quarter of the GDP,about one quarter of the national income,and over one fifth of the work force.

The industrial regions are the Midwest(the nations's leading centre of heavy industry) round the Great Lakes,the Middle Atlantic states,the South,and the Pacific Coast.

爱尔兰:Since the 1961s,manufactuing has become the mainstay of the Irish economy.

Of industrial employment,66% are employed in manufacting.

加拿大:Manufacturing is the mst important economic activity in Canada.Food processing is the leading industry. The manufacture of transportation equipment ranks second. The production of paper and paper related products ranks third. metal products are also important.

澳大利亚:The mining industry in Australia has faced new problems in recent years.

Australia's service sector is the fastest-growing sector of industry.It has been growing in importance in recent years.

新西兰:There are two steel comanies:New Zealand Steel which uses iron sands from the west coast of North Island,and Pacific Steel which reuses scrap iron.New Zealand is a world leader in the CNA(compressed natural gas) industry.Garments,fabrics and carpets are exported.

The fishing industry has expanded greatly and is now the 4th largest export earner.

四.对外贸易

英国:Britain is the fifth largest trading country in the world.Napoleon called it a "nation of shopkeepers".

Britain's foreign trade is mainly with other developed countries.which accounts for 79% of exports and 85% of imports.About half with EC.

Traditionally,Britain has had a deficit on visible trade and a surplus on invisible trade.

美国:Currenty U.S. exports are about 15% of the world's total.The Unites States imports about 13% of all world imports.

Canada is the largest single source og goods imported by the U.S.,accounting for nearly 30% of the total. Outside of North America,Europe is the largest source of imports with about 30%,Asia provides about 18%,with smaller percentages from Latin America,Africa,and Australia.

爱尔兰:Successive Irish governments have adopted a consistent and postive approoach toward attracting overseas investment.

The new foreign firms now account for over 70% of manufactured exports.

Ireland is new an industrial exporter.

Manufactured goods account for about two-thirds of total wxports.

加拿大:A total about four fifths of all foreign investments in Canada are American.

澳大利亚:Australia is a middle-level trading nation.

The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of raw materials for finished products.

Australia's trade relations with China have been developing rapidly in recent years. China accouts for about 3% of Australian total exports.

新西兰:Trade is New Zealand's linelihood.Foreign investment is increasing and financial markets are active.

Western Europe and particularly Britain have traditionally been New Zealand's major export market.

The main imports are industrial raw materials,capital equipment and consumer goods.

New Zealand is the world's largest exporter of lamb and mutton as well as dairy products.

五.当今面临的问题

英国:Britain is the oldest industrial country in the world.The term "Britain disease" is noew often used to characterise Britain's economic decline.

The Evolution of the Britain Economy since the War:1.Steady development in the 50s and 60s.2.Economic recession in the 70s.3.Economic recovery in the 80s.

这里有一部分是撒切尔的宏,微观措施比较重要(P91-92)

美国:The Untied States has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector. So the economy system of the United States is principally privately owned.But today,many of American people still live under the poverty line.

Unemployment,inflation,finacial deficit,and trade deficit are the troubles that always face the United States.

爱尔兰:The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports. That's why Ireland has a chronic negative balance of trade.

Continuing dependence on imported oil is one of the reasons for the high import bill.

加拿大:In the past few years however,Canada's unemployment rate has been high.But what is worth nothing is that the cost for manufacturing has increased while the productivity per worker has decreased as compared with the United States or with its ten trading partners.

While Canada has one of the world's highest standards of living,not all regions of the country have enjoyed the same degree of prosperity.

Some measures have been taken by the Federal government to help those slow grownth regions.

澳大利亚:Problems of Australia economy:1.Over-reliance on commodity exports.2.Failure to share in the expansion of international trade.3.The decline of manufaturing industries and the effects of tariffs.

新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-12课后习地的题目选择填空

实用标准文档 精彩文案Chapter1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources 1.In area, the United States is the 4th largest country in the world. 2.The Midwest in the US refers to the region around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley. 3.The Backbone of North America refers to the Rocky Mountains 4.Death Valley is on the western edge of the Great Basin. 5.The Great Plains might have a dust storm in summer. 6.The western part of Washington State h as the highest rainfall in the US. 7.The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except Japan 8.The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in Utah. 1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Guff of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. 2. The large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas: A. the Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachians B. the Mississippi River Basin C. the Rockies west to the Pacific 3. The Middle Atlantic States are the most densely populated region in the US, where the land is flat and fertile. 4. The Central Valley of California is a highly productive area, which produced enormous amounts of fruits and vegetables. 5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of Louisiana and Texas, a nd from onshore areas of Texas, Oklahoma a nd California. Her big consumption of energy now has made America insufficient in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has reminded consistently in the 40% ranges. 6. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water. Farmlands in the US making up about 12% of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive. Chapter 2 American Population 1.The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of British ancestry. 2.About 700,000 immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s. 3.The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until 195 4. 4.American Indians now mainly live in the South. 5.The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries except Spain. 6.The West now leads in percentage increase in population. 7.According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is Taxes. 8.The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions except the South. 1.The United States is the third most populous nation in the world. 2.Prior to 1875 anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up permanent residence there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of morality, race, and national origin. The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act reaffirmed national origin as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for skilled workers and for relatives of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrants to 270,000 each year, although the real immigrants numbered much greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to 700,000 from 1992 to 1995 and 675,000 thereafter. 3.The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants,but soon[ after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves.The blacks were formally freed in1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the South, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line. 4.The Chinese-Americans have proved to be industrious and intelligent. They are now viewed as a “ model minority” in the US. According to the 2010 US census, there were about 3.8 million Chinese-Americans living in the US. The figure was more than twice what it was in 1990. Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World 1. The ancestors of the present American Indians came from Asia. 2.“The ambition for the vast lands”is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century.

英美概况期末考试名词解释整理

The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The industrial revolution A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The Industrial Revolution, was a period of unprecedented technological, economic and social change that completely transformed British culture from a largely rural, static society with limited production and division of labour into the world's first modern industrial society. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labor was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. The Black Death----It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestisis and have started in Central Asia. It came without warning, and without any cue.The Black Death is estimated to have killed30% to 60% of Europe's population and had profound effects on the course of European history. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.(Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.) Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. Britannia already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. The first Romans to campaign extensively in Britain were

英美概况期末试题

I.Explain the following terms: 1.the British Isles 2.Poets’ Corner 3.EU 4.the Conservative Party 5.the Seven Year’s War 6.WASPs 7.“roaring 20s” 8.melting pot 9.British Empire 10.system of US politic I.Translate the following into Chinese: 1.Westminster Abby 2.the Church of England https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cc3641600.html,monwealth 4.Mr. Speaker 5.Judicial System 6.the Great Charter 7.the House of Plantagenet 8.Puritans 9.monopoly capitalism 10.the first Pan-American Conferencce II.Multi-choices: 1.The longest river in Britain is the _____ River. (Severn, Thames, Mersey, Humber) 2.The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in__ (Scotland, England, Wales, ) 3.The English people are descendants of____ (Celts, Roman, Anglo-Saxons) 4.The established church of Britain is___ (the Church of England, Free churches, ) 5.Easter is kept, commemorating the __ (coming, birth, death, resurrection) of Jesus Christ. 6.In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of___. (the Queen, the Prime Minister, the House of Commons, the House of Lords) 7.All the government ministers of Britain must be members of_____. (the House of Lords, the House of Common, the Privy Council, Parliament) 8.___ is the largest state of the US in area.(Hawii, Texas, Alaska, Pennsylvania) 9.The dominant ethnic group in the US today is_____. (the black people, WASPs, Asian Americans, Hispanics) 10.People in the US have kept moving westward for reasons except___. (religious freedom, fertile soil in the West, good climate in the west, discovery gold) 11.The Constitution of the United State was framed in ___in 1787. (Washington, Boston, New York, Philadelphia) 12.The President of the US exercises the ____ power. (legislative, executive, judicial, veto) 13.Congress can veto the President’s veto by a ___ vote of the full membership of Both houses.(two-fifths, two-thirds, three-fourths, three-fifths) 14.The Constitution of US says that only___ can declare war upon other nation.

《英美概况》教学大纲

《英美概况》教学大纲 课程编号：12307058 课程名称：英美概况 学时分配：36学时，2-19 学分：2分 考核方式：考查，闭卷 课程类别：专业限选课 面向对象：外事二年级学生 一、课程的任务和目的： 《英美概况》是介绍英语国家社会与文化入门的一门课程。开设本课的目的在于使学生通过学习，了解英美国家的历史、地理、社会、经济、政治、教育等方面的情况及其文化传统，内容庞杂、信息量大。 培养学生正确分析有关英美等国问题的能力，并能以正确的眼光看待世界上所发生的问题，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。把学生培养成为高素质的人才，同时又能爱祖国、热爱社会主义，致力为祖国的繁荣、发达而努力的人才，培养学生树立正确世界观。 同时，通过课文的学习和各种练习的实践，达到提高英语水平的目的。通过比较学习不同文化中具有特殊文化涵义的词语与表达式，可以促使学生掌握一些特殊词语的深层次意义，是对词汇的学习以及翻译水平的提高的有益补充；通过开展中外文化的比较，让学生切身感受到成功的交际仅有语言是远远不够的，文化方面的因素有时所起的作用远远大于语言本身，必将为英语学习者成功地参与国际商务活动，更有效地进行国际合作与交流打下坚实的文化基础。

二、课程的基本要求： 要求熟悉英语国家的地理、历史、发展现状、文化传统、风俗习惯，具有较强的跨文化交际意识。 三、课程的主要内容： 主要包括英美两国的地理、历史、政体制度、教育、新闻媒体、风俗习惯等内容，目的在于开阔学生的视野，扩大他们的知识面，并注意借鉴最新研究成果，合理吸收最新知识，进一步增强其实用性。 四、课程教学内容与要求 第一章：美国简况（国家的组成、国土等）（2学时） 教学要求：通过教学使学生掌握美国地理简况：国家的基本组成，国土等。以及美国国家形成的基本历史发展过程。 教学重点：美国国家形成过程中产生的几个重要的历史事件。 教学难点：分析并了解American Revolution产生的原因。

英美概况考试试题集

英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一） British Survey Test Part I Geography 1. The total area of the U.K. is _____. A. 211,440 B. 244,110 C. 241,410 D. 242,534 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland 4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England 5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 7. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces. A. 13 B. 12 C. 14 8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. A. north to south B. south to north C. east to west 10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England. A. Scotland B. Wales C. Vale of Eden 11. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. Severn B. Clyde C. Bann 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey 13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales 14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short. A. North Sea B. English Channel C. Dee estuary 15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____. A. Scotland B. Wales C. England 16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____. A. Cotswolds B. Oxford Clay C. Pennines 17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources. A. 50% B. 38% C. 42% 18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____. A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland 19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____. A. 1964 B. 1946 C. 1694

英美概况括考前知识点总结

英国概况 1，英国名称：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) 2，地理位置：Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles, the largest island in Europe and the eighth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of Continental Europe, with Ireland to the west, and makes up the largest part of the territory of the state known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is surrounded by over 1,000[citation needed] smaller islands and islets. 或者回答British mainland western Europe from Great Britain and Ireland, north-east and many nearby islands， She east by the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, up to the North Atlantic off Iceland, Yugoslavia and the European continent, separated only by a strip of water, the English Channel 3, 英国首都：London 4,组成部分：England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 5,民族：England Welsh、Scotch、Irish 6, 英国国旗：the Union Flag英国国歌：God Save The Queen 天佑女7，三次外族入侵：ⅠRoman Conquest；43AD, the roman empire

新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-12课后习题选择填空.doc

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