Chapter1-1

Chapter One A letter from a pen-friend

Overview

The topic of this chapter: A letter from a pen-friend

Teaching aims:

Language objectives:

1. To learn a passage about a letter from a pen-friend.

2.To learn wh-questions and answers(p.8); the use of a and an(p.10)

3.To learn the intonation of wh-questions and sentences expressing surprise(p.11)

4.To learn a story about a famous person

Ability objectives:

1. To listen to some information from pen-friends, then complete the table

2. To learn how to introduce a friend to your class

3. To learn how to look up reference books with alphabetical order(p.12)

4. To learn to write a letter to a friend(p.14)

Emotional objectives:

To learn to communicate with a person from other country

Teaching focus:

Wh-questions and answers; the use of a and an

Teaching difficulties:

To get some knowledge about the format of a letter and learn to write

First Period

Teaching aims:

Language objectives:

1. To know about the format of a letter

2. To learn the new words and the English meaning.

3. To understand the passage in the reading.

Ability objectives:

1. To develop the reading skill:

A. How to guess the general idea of a passage before reading.

2. To understand the meanings of key words.

Emotional objectives:

To learn to communicate with a person from other country

Difficult points:

To know about the format of a letter

Teaching methods: Task-based teaching

Teaching procedures:

Pre-task preparation

?Questions about the summer holidays

Questions:

1.Did you have a good time during the summer holidays?

2.What kind of activity do you prefer, outdoor activities or indoor activities?

3.Did you often go swimming? Who did you often go swimming with?

How often did you go swimming? (breast stroke, freestyle, butterfly …)

?Review the English names of popular sports.

T: In summer, we love swimming. Sports make us healthy. What other sports do you like? What is your favourite sport?

(List the sports names on the board.)

On the board;

Favourite Sports

Swimming, basketball, volleyball, football, badminton, table tennis, tennis, running, skating, skiing, jogging, (rugby, hockey)

?Introduce the new vocabulary items: “rugby” and “hockey”

Rugby: form of football played with an oval ball which may be kicked or carried. Hockey: game played on a field by two teams of eleven players each, with curved sticks and a small hard ball.

While-task procedure

?Complete Ex A “What do you know about …?”

?Skimming:

Skim the first and the last part of the letter and complete Ex B Look and think.

Pair work: (Help to complete Ex B2&B3)

Questions:

1.Who wrote this letter?

2.Where did he live?

3.When did he write this letter?

4.Why did he write this letter?

Skim through the letter and find out the letter format:

1.The layout is blocked as opposed to indented, every line begins at the left margin,

and there is a space between paragraphs.

2.The punctuation is open as opposed to full, ie …, no punctuation marks are used

in the address, date, greeting (Dear May) or complimentary close (Best wishes) ?Scanning: Read for details.

Read the first paragraph and find information about Sidney.

Questions:

1.Where did Sidney get to know May’s address?

2.How old is Sidney?

3.How tall is Sidney?

4.What colour is his hair?

5.Are his eyes black or brown?

6.What are his hobbies?

?Assignments:

Copy the phrases.

Recite the first paragraph.

Second period

Teaching aims:

Language objectives:

To make students understand the passage in details and learn to use the key words. Ability objectives:

To try to retell the text

To study the contexts and make the intelligent guesses at the meaning of the new words.

Emotional objectives:

To learn to communicate with a person from other country

Important points:

1. To learn the key words and phrases.

2. To explain the difficult sentences.

3. Encourage the students to study the contexts and make the intelligent guesses at the meaning of the new words.

Difficult points: enjoy doing, a brother called Edwin,

Teaching methods:Task-based learning

Teaching procedures:

Pre-task preparation

?Guessing work: “What sport is it?”

Encourage one student to describe his favourite sport with his body language and have the rest of the students guess what sport it is.

?Recite the first paragraph of the letter.

While-task procedure

?Introduce the reading skill: guessing

T: What do you do when you meet a new word in reading?

S: Look it up in a dictionary.

T: But that will be too slow. When you meet a new word, you can often tell its meaning by reading the words around it. This is much quicker than looking it up in a dictionary.

eg: I bought some tulips at the flower market.

?Complete Ex C1 Find the meanings.

?Consolidate the reading skill: guessing

Read the next three paragraphs separatively and guess the meaning of the following words.

Paragraph Two: Newcastle

Paragraph Three: Form One = Grade One

be keen on .. = like … very much

ambition = a strong wish

Paragraph Four: enclose = put sth. inside the letter

?Complete Ex C2

?Scanning: Read for details.

Read the second paragraph and find information about Sidney.

Questions:

1.Who came to England about 30 years ago?

2.Where did Sidney’s parents come from?

3.Where was Sidney born?

4.Is Sidney a Chinese boy born in England? We can call him …

5.Can he speak Chinese?

6.Has he got a younger brother or an elder brother?

7.He is ten years older than Sidney, isn’t he?

8.What job does he do?

Pair work according to the third paragraph.

Read the third paragraph and encourage the students to raise at least three questions. ?Assignments:

Copy the phrases.

Recite the second paragraph.

Third period

Teaching aims:

Knowledge objectives:

1. To learn the language points.

2.To strengthen the vocabulary and grammar learned.

Skill objectives:

1.To retell the text

Emotional objectives:

To learn to communicate with a person from other country

Important points:

be keen on, My ambition is to be an engineer,

Difficult points: Retell the text

Teaching methods:Task-based learning

Teaching procedures:

Pre-task preparation

?Consolidate the new vocabulary items.

V ocabulary items: ambition, physics, chess, hobby, enclose, born

1.Yesterday I played chess with my brother.

2.My favourite hobby is collecting old coins.

3.We must study physics to learn how an aeroplane flies.

4.My youngest brother was born three years ago.

5.Paul’s ambition is to take part in the Olympic Games.

6.When you write to me, please enclose a photo of your family.

?Review the phrases by interpreting.

?Recite the second paragraph.

While- task procedure

?Pair work: Complete Ex E Read and think.

Train students to think carefully and help them look for proof of a statement. ?Notes:

1.I also enjoy playing chess.→enjoy doing

a)Sidney enjoys writing to May.

b)Sidney’s brother enjoys working as an architect.

2.I have never been there. →have (has) been to some place

a)We have been to the Century Park in Pudong.

b)We have been there twice.

c)How many times have you been there?

3.I am keen on sports. →be keen on

a)Americans are keen on rugby.

b)The English are keen on watching hockey.

4.My ambition is to be an engineer. →… is to + Vinf.

a)Paul’s ambition is to take part in the Olympic Games.

b)His job is to deliver newspapers from door to door every morning. ?Guided supplementary Exercises:

1.He is fourteen years old.

2.He is about five feet tall. (1米（m）=

3.281英尺1.52)

3.Sidney lives with his parents.

4.They came to England about 30 years ago.

5.They came from Hong Kong.

6.I was born in Newcastle in 1986.

7.I enjoy playing chess.

8.He works as an architect.

9.Sidney goes to school on foot.

10.They have been to Hong Kong twice.

?Assignments:

Complete the supplementary exercises.

Complete the workbook.

Recite the third paragraph.

Fourth period

Teaching aims:

Language objectives:

To review the usage of indefinite articles.

Ability objectives:

To train the students’ ability of listening

Emotional objectives:

To learn to communicate with a person from other country

Difficult point:

To completing a table of information

Teaching methods: Task-based learning

Teaching procedures:

Pre-task preparation

?Consolidate the new vocabulary items.

1.ambition: wish or goal

2.architect: a person who plans and designs a building

3.born: came out of a mother’s body

4.chess: a common board game

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd14750784.html,puter: an electronic machine for holding information and working our

problems

6.enclose: put inside

7.engineer: a person who plans, makes or repairs machines, engines, bridges, etc.

8.hobby: an interest or activity such as collecting stamps or making models.

9.keen on: very interested in; wanting to do sth.

10.magazine: a large, thin book with pictures, usually published once a week or a

month.

11.pen-friend: someone you write letters to as a hobby.

?Recite the text.

While-task procedure

?Complete Listening Completing a table of information

?Review the usage of the indefinite articles.

a + 辅音（为首的单词）

an + 元音（为首的单词）

?Complete Ex B Using a and an.

?Complete Using English

?Introduce different kinds of reference books and alphabetical order. ?Guided Supplementary exercises:

1.Sidney’s ambition is to be an engineer.

2.Sidney’s brother is twenty-three years old.

3.Newcastle upon Tyne is in the north-east of England.

4.May will write to Sidney soon.

5.His parents own a Chinese restaurant.

6.He plays two sports in the winter.

7.Sidney is in Form One.

8.He enclosed a photo with his letter.

9.Sidney has got only one brother.

10.His brother has been to Hong Kong once.

?Assignments:

Complete the supplementary exercises.

Complete the workbook.

Recite the text.

Fifth period

Teaching aims:

Language objectives:

To review the letter format and imitate to write a letter in reply.

Ability objectives:

To train the students’ ability of writing

Emotional objectives:

To learn to communicate with a person from other country

Difficult point:

To learn to write a letter in reply.

Teaching methods: Task-based learning

Teaching procedures:

Pre-task preparation

?Consolidate the new vocabulary items.

1.ambition: wish or goal

2.architect: a person who plans and designs a building

3.born: came out of a mother’s body

4.chess: a common board game

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd14750784.html,puter: an electronic machine for holding information and working our

problems

6.enclose: put inside

7.engineer: a person who plans, makes or repairs machines, engines, bridges, etc.

8.hobby: an interest or activity such as collecting stamps or making models.

9.keen on: very interested in; wanting to do sth.

10.magazine: a large, thin book with pictures, usually published once a week or a

month.

11.pen-friend: someone you write letters to as a hobby.

?Check the understanding of alphabetical order.

According to alphabetical order, which word comes before the other, born or keen? (chess or computer / enclose or engineer / ambition or architect)

?Consolidate the usage of the indefinite articles.

a usual day, an unusual day, a university, a uniform, a house, an hour, an honest boy, a one-way street, an “s”/ “m” / “h”…

?Recite the text.

While-task procedure

?Pair work: writing preparation

T: Imagine you were May. You have received the letter that Sidney wrote to you.

You want to reply to it. Discuss with your deskmate how to write the address of your school and how to start and end your letter.

?Review the letter format.

No. 34 Kangping Road

No. 54 Middle School

Shanghai

200032

China

10 September Dear Sidney

Thanks a lot for your letter. I’m happy to be your friend. Here are some things about myself. I’m fourteen years old and in Form Eight. I have short black hair and black eyes. My favourite hobby is playing computer games.

I live with my parents. We live in the South of Shanghai. I was born in Shanghai in 1990. I can speak a little English.

I’m in Form Eight at No. 54 Middle School. It’s far away from my home, and so I have to take the underground to school. …

I enclose a photo of myself. I hope you will write to me soon.

Best wishes

May Wang

?Assignments:

Recite A4.

Correct the supplementary exercises.

Complete the composition.

Sixth period

Teaching aims:

Language objectives:

To improve the students’ reading skills and speaking abilities through tasks.

Ability objectives:

To consolidate the reading skill of guessing.

Emotional objectives:

To inspire students’ desire of learning.

Difficult point:

To understand the new vocabulary items in the reading material by guessing. Teaching methods: Task-based learning

Teaching procedures:

Pre-task preparation

?Invite a more able student to tell a story and ask students a few questions.

?Interpret some new phrases.

?Recite A4.

?Pair work: Have the students do the pair work according to More Practice A.

S1: What colour is Tim’s hair?

S2: Brown.

S1: Is his hair short or long?

S2: ________.

S1: __________?

S2: Blue.

S1: __________?

S2: Short.

S1: __________?

S2: Fourteen.

S1: What is his hobby?

S2: __________.

S1: __________?

S2: __________.

While-task procedure

?Write the new vocabulary items in material B on the board and encourage the students to pronounce each word according to the pronunciation rules they have learned.

1.couple

2.adopt

3.omen

4.destine

5.arrival n.

6.the French Embassy 法国大使馆

7.housekeeper n.

8.China Drama Acadamy 中国戏剧学院

?Skimming

Skim through the article and try to find the new words.

Identify the parts of speech of the new vocabulary, then guess the meaning according to the context.

1.couple n. 夫妇

2.adopt vt. 收养

3.omen n. 预兆, 征兆

4.destine vt. 注定

5.arrival n. 到达

6.the French Embassy 法国大使馆

7.housekeeper n. 女管家

8.China Drama Acadamy 中国戏剧学院

?Scanning

Scan the text and do the pair work.

Encourage the students to ask as many questions as possible.

?Supplementary material about Jackie Chan for reference.

成龙生於一九五四年，父母是在山东逃难到香港时认识。由於当时香港经济不景，他出生时父母根本付不起巨额的生产费。为他母亲接生的女医生曾开出丰厚的条件，希望领养成龙。不过由於他在马年出世，父母认为是在吉年出生，而且他们没有其他子女，所以拒绝了女医生的好意，辛苦的筹足了医药费，带成龙回家。由於成龙是在香港出生，父母为纪念他们逃难平安而且是在香港生的儿子，所以取名陈港生。他们是住在法国大使的家，父亲是法国大使的厨子，母亲则是管家。成龙小时不喜读书，所以他读毕小一便已辍学。成龙七岁的时候，他父亲有一个新的发展，就是往澳洲担任美国大使馆的主厨，为了改善生活的环境，父亲决定只身前往，而把成龙送往于占元的中国戏剧学院，这决定亦改变了成龙的一生。

?Assignments:

Recite the pair work.

Complete the workbook.

Mini-test for Chapter One

Class ________ Name ___________ No.___ Score____

Part Two Vocabulary and Grammar (100%)

（第二部分词汇和语法）

I.Choose the best answer. (36%) （选择最恰当的答案）

1._______

2. _______

3. _______

4. _______

5. _______

6. ______

7. ______ 8. _______ 9. ______ 10. ______ 11. ______ 12. ______

1.Is a butterfly ____ insect?

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. that

2.The teacher asked us to write _____ eight-hundred-word composition.

A. a

B. the

C. an

D./

3.Charlie is an ____.

A. European

B. one-eyed man

C. uniform

D. actor

4.Jack enjoys ______ at weekends.

A.play piano

B. play the piano

C. playing piano

D. playing the piano

5.This is a photo of ______. I was five years old at that time.

A.me

B. mine

C. I

D. myself

6.I will tell you _________________ about myself.

A. somethings

B. something

C. anythings

D. anything

7.I have a lovely pet dog ______ Charlie.

A.call

B. calling

C. called.

D. to call

8.Would you like ______ my good friends?

A.to be

B. be

C. being

D. become

9.Please write back ______ me soon. I am looking forword to it.

A.to

B. at

C. for

D. /

10.____ have you ever been to England? Twice.

A.How long

B. How far

C. How many times

D. How often

11.Which of the following is in alphabetical order?

A.science, spread, snack, student, Sunday.

B.duty, family, social, vegetable, university

C.client, jogging, multiply, towards, quarrel

D.start, steep, still, strike, student

12. A letter has ____.

A.a title, an address at the top-right corner, a date under the address, a

signature at the end and a greeting

B. a greeting, an address at the top-right corner, a date at the end and a

signature at the end, too

C.an address at the top-right corner, a date under the address, a greeting and

a signature at the end

D. an address at the top-right corner, a greeting, a signature and a date at the

end

II. Choose the word or expression in the box which is closest in meaning to the underlined part of each sentences. (15%) (选出与划线部分意思最接近的单词与词

语.）

1. _____

2. _____

3. _____

4. _____

5. _____

1.His mother works as a nurse in Bangkok.

2.My ambition is to be an architect.

3.She remembered to enclose some photos of her family in her letter.

4.She is keen on pop music and writing poetry.

5.My ambition is to be an astronaut.

III. Choose and fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.

（18％）（用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空, 每空格不限填一词.）

1.My mother does shopping in a big supermarket ________ a week. (one)

2.Sidney is about five ________ tall. (foot)

3.We ________ a house with a big garden. (owner)

4.They discuss the ________ every Monday morning. (busy)

5.An _______ is a person who works with machines. (engine)

6.All the children are playing games ________ on the playground. (happy) IV. Rewrite the sentences as required. (30%) (按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词.)

1.We have Computer Club meetings on Friday.（否定句）

We __________ __________Computer Club meetings on Friday.

2.I’ve got only one sister. （划线提问）

________ ________ sisters have you got?

3.My mother goes to work by bicycle. （划线提问）

________ ________ your mother go to work?

4.His father never goes out for a walk after supper. (反意疑问句)

His father never goes out for a walk after supper, ________ ________?

5.Sidney goes to school on foot every morning. （保持原意）

Sidney ________ ________ school every morning.

chapter11

第十一章核酸的降解和核苷酸代谢 核酸的生物功能DNA、RNA 核苷酸的生物功能 ①合成核酸 ②是多种生物合成的活性中间物 糖原合成，UDP-Glc。磷脂合成，CDP-乙醇胺，CDP-二脂酰甘油。 ③生物能量的载体A TP、GTP ④腺苷酸是三种重要辅酶的组分 NAD、F AD、CoA ⑤信号分子cAMP、cGMP 食物中的核酸，经肠道酶系降解成各种核苷酸，再在相关酶作用下，分解产生嘌呤、嘧啶、核糖、脱氧核糖和磷酸，然后被吸收。 吸收到体内的嘌呤和嘧啶，大部分被分解，少部分可再利用，合成核苷酸。 人和动物所需的核酸无须直接依赖于食物，只要食物中有足够的磷酸盐，、糖和蛋白质，核酸就能在体内正常合成。 核酸的分解代谢： 第一节核酸和核苷酸的分解代谢 一、核酸的酶促降解 核酸是核苷酸以3’、5’-磷酸二酯键连成的高聚物，核酸分解代谢的第一步就是分解为核苷酸，作用于磷酸二酯键的酶称核酸酶（实质是磷酸二脂酶）。 根据对底物的专一性可分为：核糖核酸酶、脱氧核糖核酸酶、非特异性核酸酶。 根据酶的作用方式分：内切酶、外切酶。 1、核糖核酸酶 只水解RNA磷酸二酯键的酶（RNase），不同的RNase专一性不同。 牛胰核糖核酸酶（RNaseI），作用位点是嘧啶核苷-3’-磷酸与其它核苷酸间的连接键。 核糖核酸酶T1（RNaseT1），作用位点是3’-鸟苷酸与其它核苷酸的5’-OH间的键。 图 2、脱氧核糖核酸酶 只能水解DNA磷酸二酯键的酶。DNase牛胰脱氧核糖核酸酶（DNaseI）可切割双链和单链DNA。产物是以5’-磷酸为末端的寡核苷酸。

牛胰脱氧核糖核酸酶（DNase Ⅰ），降解产物为3’-磷酸为末端的寡核苷酸。 限制性核酸内切酶：细菌体内能识别并水解外源双源DNA 的核酸内切酶，产生3ˊ-OH 和5ˊ-P 。 图 Pst Ⅰ切割后，形成3ˊ-OH 单链粘性末端。 EcoR Ⅰ切割后，形成5ˊ-P 单链粘性末端。 3、 非特异性核酸酶 既可水解RNA ，又可水解DNA 磷酸二酯键的核酸酶。 小球菌核酸酶是内切酶，可作用于RNA 或变性的DNA ，产生3’-核苷酸或寡核苷酸。 蛇毒磷酸二酯酶和牛脾磷酸二脂酶属于外切酶。 蛇毒磷酸二酯酶能从RNA 或DNA 链的游离的3’-OH 逐个水解，生成5’-核苷酸。 牛脾磷酸二脂酶从游离的5’-OH 开始逐个水解，生成3’核苷酸。 二、 核苷酸的降解 1、 核苷酸酶 （磷酸单脂酶） 水解核苷酸，产生核苷和磷酸。 非特异性磷酸单酯酶：不论磷酸基在戊糖的2’、3’、5’，都能水解下来。 特异性磷酸单酯酶： 只能水解3’核苷酸或5’核苷酸（3’核苷酸酶、5’核苷酸酶） 2、 核苷酶 两种： ① 核苷磷酸化酶：广泛存在，反应可逆。 ② 核苷水解酶：主要存在于植物、微生物中，只水解核糖核苷，不可逆 三、 嘌呤碱的分解 P301 图18-2嘌呤碱的分解 首先在各种脱氨酶的作用下水解脱氨，脱氨反应可发生在嘌呤碱、核苷及核苷酸水平上。 P 299 反应式 不同种类的生物分解嘌呤碱的能力不同，因此，终产物也不同。 排尿酸动物：灵长类、鸟类、昆虫、排尿酸爬虫类

深圳牛津版九年级英语chapter11 Point of view 知识点详解

Chapter 11 The Points of view 热身练习： 句意解释： 1. Only the wealthy can afford to travel around the world. A. strong men B. useful people C. poor people D. rich people 2. To keep fit, we should eat more vegetables and less meat. A. good B. healthy C. wealthy D. thin 3. The government may ban an advertisement which forces children to buy things. A. forbid B. allow C. encourage D. offer 4. Advertisers earn a lot of money because of advertisements. A. lend B. make C. keep D. borrow 5. Is it illegal for children under 16 to buy cigarettes in China ? A. allowed by law B. against the law C. not polite D. not right 6. In addition, he loves playing computer games. A. What’s more B. Beside C. However D. As a result 正确形式填空： 1.traveller --travel 2. illegal非法的-- legal (反) 合法的 3. wealthy富有的e.g. a wealthy family 近义词：rich ---wealth n. 财富 4. effective adj. 有效的---effect （n. 影响v. 产生，达到目的） 5. identify 确定；认同；一致identify with sb 与某人产生共鸣、认同某人、以某人为模式 e.g. The play was so wonderful that the audience quickly identified with the actors. 6. possession n. -- possess v. 持有 7. act --- actor --actress 1.The long walk across the desert is ___________ his strength. (consume) 2.Who's in charge of the ___________ of students in this school? (manage) 3.Tree planting can __________ prevent sandstorms. (effective) 4.What do you think of the idea "little ___________ are big ones"? (spend) 5.He works in an __________ company as a vice-director. (advertise) 6.I won't go to the concert __________ because I have no money to waste. (simple) 7.Lower ____ levels make it difficult for some people to find good jobs in big cities. (educate) 8.Some educators believe children who watch many TV advertisements will become more __________ in possessions. (interest) 9.The Game is the biggest sports event for _________ People. (Asia)

chapter11 语法

Chapter 11 Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching ?Applied linguistics ?Krashen’s Input hypothesis ?i+1 principle ?Interlanguage ?Syllabus ?Contrastive analysis ?Error analysis ?Error/mistake 11.1 Applied linguistics ?Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. ?Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, linguistics, psychology, anthropology, and sociology. Applied Linguistics应用语言学 语言学的一个分支，主要关心的是如何应用语言学理论、方法和成果来阐释其他领域遇到的语言问题。应用语言学发展最充分的分支是外语教学，有时这个名称似乎只指这个领域。但是近年来出现了好几个其他应用领域，包括语言故障的语言学分析（临床语言学）、母语教育中的语言使用（教育语言学）、词典学的发展、翻译、人工智能和风格学等。 ?应用语言学不但运用语言学知识，还利用社会学、心理学、人类学、信息论等方面的知识，并把这些理论和知识应用与实践方面，例如，语言教学大纲的设计、言语矫正、语言规划、问题学研究等等。 ?Applied linguistics –Theoretical views of language explicitly or implicitly inform the approaches and methods adopted in language teaching. –Linguistics, as the science of language, should be of fundamental importance for teachers of language. ?According to Jo McDonough, a teacher who is able to explain some linguistic features would have a stronger position than one who handles the argument by using authority –“it?s like that”, “it?s an exception”, or “it?s less formal”. 11.2 Linguistics and language learning ?Many language learning theories are proposed based on certain linguistic theories. –In fact, knowledge in linguistics lies at the root of understanding what language learners can learn, how they actually learn and what they learn ultimately. 2.1Grammar and language learning focus on form 语法形式中心 As a compromise between the “purely form-focused approaches” and the “purely meaning-focused” approaches, a recent movement called focus on form seems to take a more balanced view on the role of grammar in language learning. Focus on Form ?Although language learning should generally be meaning-focused and communication-oriented, it is still necessary and beneficial to focus on form occasionally. The definition of UG ?In linguistics, the theory of universal grammar holds that there are certain fundamental grammatical ideas which all humans possess, without having to learn them.

Chapter11 使用类

I.运算符重载 1.运算符重载简介 ●定义：运算符重载，就是对已有的运算符重新进行定义，赋予其另一种功能， 以适应不同的数据类型。 ●性质：一种形式的C++多态 ●作用：允许将标准C++运算符作用于类对象 （注释：C++中的运算符已经被重载过，如：“*”——用于地址得到存储与该地 址中的值——用于两个数字表示乘积） ●举例：数组相加 不重载（逐个相加）：for(inti = 0; i<= 20; i++) evening[i] = sam[i] +janet[i]; 重载（相加）：evening = sam + janet; ●格式：operator op( argument-list) ?Time示例 ◆Time源代码 求和功能：sum函数 Time Time::Sum(const Time & t) const { Time sum; sum.minutes = minutes + t.minutes; sum.hours = hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60; sum.minutes %= 60; return sum; } Main函数中： Total = coding.Sum(fixing);

◆添加加法运算符 在类中添加：Timeoperator+(const Time & t) const; 在函数的实现中添加： Time Time::operator+(const Time & t) const//返回类型为Time类 { Time sum；//定义一个Time类型的对象 sum.minutes = minutes + t.minutes; sum.hours = hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60; sum.minutes %= 60; return sum; } 在主函数中：两Time类相加由原来的调用sum函数变为直接使用“+”运算符 total = coding + fixing; ◆重载限制 可重载的运算符： 重载的限制

Chapter11 Exercises

Chapter 11 Product Decisions Key sections Product Concepts Product Positioning Product Design Consideration Attitudes Toward Country of Origin New Products in Global Marketing Exercises I. Discussion questions 1.What is the difference between an international and a global product? Cite examples. (P334) 2. Does a global brand have a similar image, positioning and market mix? (P334) 3. What factors should global marketers consider when making product design decisions? (P342) 4.How can buyer attitudes about a product’s country of origin affect marketing strategy? (P334-345) (The answer below is a reference.) The existence of stereotyped attitudes toward foreign products may either favour or hinder the marketer’s efforts. If a country is good at manufacturing a particular line of product, customers around the world will be likely to buy the product made in the country. A country’s reputation and image, customers’ preferences to domestic or foreign products are the main factors influencing buyers’ purchase decisions. II. Explain the concepts below in English High-tech product High-touch product Product saturation level III. Learn the following words by heart physical, psychological and symbolic attributes物理特性，心理特性和象征特性consumer and industrial goods 消费品和工业品 specialty goods 特制品 life-span 寿命 rollout strategy 首次展示战略 marketing mix 市场组合 cheese and yogurt 干酪和酸奶 a premium-priced and packaged cosmetic line 包装精美的高价化妆品 attribute and benefit 属性与效能 reliability and durability 可靠性与耐久性

深圳牛津初三chapters11-12期末知识归纳

Chapter11-12基础知识归纳与练习 一.基础知识归纳 (一)单词 n. traveller,advertising,advertiser,spender,educator,disease,course,benefit,cigare tte,interview,hunter,application,pay,post,mark,standard,offer,sex,nationality,s kill,comment v. earn,act,advertise,suffer,hunt,apply,search,prove,serve,tick adj. illegal,wealthy,fit,junior,effective,available,confusing,exact,unfair adv. neatly,faithfully (二)短语 1.points of view 2.identify with 3.put pressure on 4.in addition 5.take action 6.be allowed to do 7.be good/bad for 8.agree with 9.on the other hand 10.have an effect on 11.make sure 12.according to 13.become interested in 14.in my opinion/view 15.a piece of advice 16.at least 17.as a result 18.at all costs 19.miss out 20.make mistakes 21.on time 22.as well as 23.prepare for 24.make an impression on 25.at any time 26.lose weight 27.be proud of (三)句型 1.What do you think about/of.....? 你认为.....怎么样？ 2.Do you agree with sb? 你同意某人的意见吗？ 3.....Nothing/Something wrong with..... .........没有（有）毛病 4.make/have/let sb do sth 让某人做某事 5.encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 6.persuade sb to do sth 劝说某人做某事 7.It is illegal for sb to do sth 某人做....是不合法的 8.Sb thinks it is wrong to do sth 某人认为做....是不对的 9.What would you advise me to do? 你建议我做什么？ 10.Do you think I ought to....? 你认为我应该.....吗？ 11.Why have you applied for the job? 你为什么申请这份工作？ 12.I'd like to be..... 我愿意成为....... 13.You'd better..... 你最好........ (四)语法 A.不带to的动词短语归纳 1.had better (not) do sth 最后（不要）做某事 2.Would you please (not) do sth? 请你（不）做某事，好吗？ 3.Let/have/make sb do sth 让某人做某事 B.被动语态 C.so....that.....与such.....that.....的区别 二.基础知识练习 A.根据句意及英文释义提示填写单词，使句子完整、通顺 1.It's _______________(against the law) to carry guns in our country. 2.Early to bed.early to rise,makes a man healthy,_____________(very rich),and wise.

Chapter11复习

Chapter 11 Pricing Considerations and Approaches Multiple Choice 1.The price of an executive is a _____, the price of a salesperson is a _____, and the price of a worker is a _____. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cd14750784.html,mission; wage; salary b.wage; commission; salary c.salary; wage; commission d.salary; commission; wage (d; Easy) 2._____ is the amount of money charged for a product or service. a.Experience curve b.Demand curve c.Price d.Wage (c; Easy) 3.Little Roses’ Floral Design sells flowers at one set price to all buyers. What is this an example of? a.total costs b.fixed costs c.variable costs d.dynamic pricing (b; Moderate) 4.Big Mike’s Health Food Store sells nutritional energy-producing foods. The price of the products sold varies according to individual customer accounts and situations. For example, long-time customers receive discounts. This strategy is an example of _____. a.price elasticity b.cost-plus pricing c.dynamic pricing d.value pricing (c; Challenging)

Chapter 11 课后答案

Chapter11 答案 Language Acquisition 1. Define the following terms briefly. (1) first language acquisition: the learning and development of a person’s native language. (2) behaviorist approach: The approach views language as behavior and believes that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation. (3) innateness approach: This approach holds that the ability to acquire a human language is part of the biologically innate equipment of the human being, and that an infant is born with this ability just as it is born with two arms, two legs, and a beating heart. (4) second language acquisition: the acquisition of another language or languages after the first language is on the way or completed. (5)