英语写作基础教程3

英语写作基础教程

A Basic Course in Writing

主讲: Priscillapan

教学大纲

一. 教学对象

本课程的教学对象是高等专科英语专业的学生或具有同等水平的自学者._ 二. 教学目的与要求

通过本课程的教学, 使学生初步掌握英语写作技能, 学会用英文写叙述,说明性的短文和一般性应用文.

(1) 用英文写叙述,说明性的短文: 要求学生能根据命题列出作文提纲,在1小时写出不少于200词的短文, 容切题,完整,条理清楚,语句连贯通顺, 语法基本正确.

(2) 用英文写一般性的应用文: 要求学生能根据提示写出知,贺卡,便条,申请书,邀请函,简历, 格式正确, 语言得体._

三. 教学安排

本课程3个学分, 在一个学期开设, 每周3学时,共计54学时._

四. 教学容

本课程主要教学容如下:

(1) 文稿格式;

(2) 句子结构;

(3) 构段方式;

(4) 谋篇布局;

(5) 摘要;

(6) 应用文._

五. 教学原则

(1) 在教学过程中, 要充分考虑成人学习的特点和本课程的特点, 注重对学生遣词造句这两种能力的培养;

(2) 在教学过程中, 教师应以指导学生自学为主, 以电视教学和课堂教学为辅, 采用多种教学手段对学生进行写作训练._

六. 测试 _

实行全国统一的闭卷考试.考试采用百分制,60分及格.

实施方案

一,课时安排

____"英语写作基础"课总学时为54小时,课外练习时数为54小时.

二,具体学习安排_

__ (一)基本技能的学习:6课时,要求掌握标点符号的用法.

__ (二)句子的写作:9课时,要求掌握句子统一性,连贯性,重点突出的写作技巧. __ (三)段落的写作 :6课时,要求掌握段落统一性的写作,学会主题句和扩展句的运用.

__ (四)一般性文章和应用文的写作 :30课时,要求掌握基本应用文的写作,这是本课程的重点部分(具体容附后).

__ (五)期末复习:3课时,全面复习本学习的教学容,模拟考试.

三,教学意见_

___ 1) 作文课应该以教师讲解,学生练习为主.

___ 2) 授课重点应该放在写作技能技巧的训练上,理论知识可以适当少讲.

___ 3) 有条件的分校可以充分利用网上资源和现代技术设备,利用互联网上的英语写作扩大学生的阅读两;利用视频展示台把学生所写的优秀文章向全班批改,也可以讲普遍性的问题;等等.

考试题型

一,考试题型与要求

___ 本课程的考试依据教学大纲的要求,重点考查应用文写作和一般文体的写作.考试为闭卷考试,总分为100分.

_____ 1.应用文写作

___ 根据提示写一个不少于50词的通知和一个不少于100词的便条,要求语言通顺,用词得体,格式正确.满分为30分;

_____ 2.命题作文

___ 根据所给题目及写作提纲或规定场景等,写一篇不少于200词的作文,要求符合文章类型特点,容切题,语言通顺.满分为70分.

二,考试模拟试题

一,Write a notice into the box according to the following facts:(10分) ____乒乓球赛

___ 地点: 1号球室 :

___ 商业学校对语言文化大学

___ 时间:5月8日用六下午五时

二,Write a note based on the given facts:(20分) :

____ 时间:6月9月

____ 对象:Prof. Stone_

____ 容:对不起,不能赴3点的约会.我的论文由,于被朋友锁上了,不能带来.我不知他何时返回.如果方便,我能在明日下午五时在系办公室见您吗若不行,请明早特便条放在我的信箱里,信箱号606.._

____ 留言者:吴敏

三,Write an essay of no fewer than 200words:(70分) :

________ Title:_ Qualification of a Good University Student

________ Aids:

________ First Paragraph:_Your point of view of being a good university student

________ Second Paragraph: What makes a good university student (with some examples)

________ Third Paragraph:_Conclusion

平时作业

英语写作基础平时作业(大作业)共四次,主要检查同学们对英语应用文写作的掌握情况.__

1)完成 P125页 Exercise 1 (Notice Writing)

2)完成 P126页 Exercise 3 (Note Writing)

3)完成 P126页 Exercise 4 (Letters Writing)

4)完成 P126页 Exercise 5 (resumes Writing)___

另外,任课教师可以根据教学容,适当补充写作练习.

General Remarks on Writing

_Writing _makes an exact man.

_Great use and popularity

_Needing Much Knowledge

_Useful for Reading and Spoken

_Great Difficulties as well

Targets of this Course

At the end of this course, you should be able:

_to use the punctuation marks correctly;

_to write correct sentences;

_to write more effective sentences ;

_to compose a full essay;

_to write a practical essay like a note, a letter, or a notice etc. Arrangement

_ I Writing the title

II Leaving the margins

III Paragraphing

IV Capitalization

V Dividing words

Writing the title

Be placed in the middle of the first line

Every word of the title should be capitalized

No full stop should be used at the end of a title

Margins

A. leave margins at the top and bottom and on the side of each page. Never write on a full page.

B. left side margin should be wider if the work is to be bound.

C. For students, it is advisable to write on every other line. Paragraphing

A. Indentation (Space)

… … … … … … ..

… … … … … … ..

… … … … … … ..

… … … … … … ..

… … … … … … ..

B. Block

… … … … … … ..

… … … … … … ..

… … … … … … ..

… … … … … … ..

… … … … … … ..

Handwriting

Regrettably, an English writer is not so concerned with the aesthetics in handwriting as a Chinese writer is. Be neat and legible.

A. Make your "t"s different from your "e"s;

B. Make your "r"s different from your "v"s;

C. If cross out a word, no brackets but a thick line across it;

D. If add a word, write it above, not below;

E. Two common ways of writing the letters: form loops and print Syllabification

When you happen not to have enough room to write a whole word in at the end of a line:

A. If the word is monosyllabic, please write it in a next line;

B. If the word is polysyllabic, you maybe syllabify it if you feel necessary

How to syllabify a word

Just splitting a word then a hyphen then the other part of the word. occupation: oc-cu-pa-tion

( Don't split it like this: occ-upa-tion)

Nowadays, a computer deals with this problems automatically Abbreviations and Numerals

Abbreviations shorten some words, titles and long names. They are used

in advertising and informal occasions.

1) Be sure to use them before you know.

2) Be sure of the dots ( . ).

Abbreviations

1)___ Before names (family names), titles are abbreviated:

Mr. Green Ms. Adella Dr. Bethune

2)___ Titles of academics, government officials, and priest can be abbreviated, followed by the full name:

Prof. Li Gov. Henry Ford Sen. Robert

3)_____ Academic degrees and family designations preceded by full names can be abbreviated:

Robert Smith, Ph. D. John Jones Jr./Sr.

4) Names of well-known organizations, firms, places, and long technical terms can be abbreviated by using the initial letters of the words: UNESCO FBI WHO TOEFL GATT

5)_____ Time designations when used with specific numbers are abbreviated: 135 B.C. 6:00 a.m.

6) Words referring to portions of address can be abbreviated when they appear in address on envelopes, letter headings, or inside addresses: Rd. Dept. Pro. P.R.C.

Capitalization

1)The use of capitalization is unique and important in writing.

(1) The china made in China is first class.

(2) he bought that article of japan in Japan.

(3) Their child was shanghaied in Shanghai.

(4) John wanted to go to the john.

(5) The turkey here is not as good as in Turkey. _

2)The capitalization is used in the following 10 aspects:

(1) the beginning of a sentence

Wonderful!

Where there is a will, there is a way.

Can you hear me at the back

Capitalization

(2) For the first letter in each line of a poem.

The Arrow and the Song

I shot an arrow into the sky,

(3) The first letter of a directed quotation / speech:

"Who is on duty today " the teacher asked.

" Don't worry," he said, trying to comfort me. " We will help you make up for the lessons."

(cf. "To be frank with you," he said, "you should not have told him that." Capitalization

(4) The first letters of the essential words in proper nouns ( names of people, countries, organizations historical events, planes, etc.) Darwin Shakespeare

China Jesus Christ

the Great Wall the Red Cross

Boeing 747

(5) The first letters of designation of relatives before family names: Uncle Geoge Aunt Maggie

Niece Mary Grandma Lee

Capitalization

(6) Almost all abbreviations except a.m., p.m., etc., e.g., c/o, i.e., tec

(7) the first letter of essential word in trade marks, service signs, posts, greetings, etc.

Information Desk Hands Off

Open Strictly No Smoking

(祝你生日快乐!)

Happy birthday to you!

Happy Birthday to you!

(8) the title of all significant words in the title of a theme, article, essay. newspaper, periodical. But a form word of less than five letters is not capitalized unless it begins the title.

Jane Eyre Gone with the Wind

My College Life

Capitalization

(9) the first letter of the salutation and complimentary close in a letter: Dear Sir, Dear Mr. Evans,

Sincerely yours, Yours,

(10) the first letter of the words of the days of a week, the month, and the major words of holidays:

Punctuation

Main Punctuation marks

1. the period(.)

2. the question mark ( )

3. the exclamation point (!)

4. the comma (,)

5. the semicolon (;)

6. the colon (:)

7. brackets ([ ])

8. the quotation marks (" " ' ')

9. parentheses ( ( ) )

10. The dash (―)

11. ellipsis points ( … )

The Period ( . )

1. The period (full stop) is used at the end of a declarative sentence,

a mildly imperative sentence, and an indirect question.

Honesty is the best policy.

Hand in your homework, please. .

The period marks the end of a sentence. The word after it begins a new sentence and has to be capitalized.

She graduated from Oxford University. She achieved great success in her studies there.

2.The period is used with most abbreviations.

But some people prefer not to use the period with abbreviations. They just write Mr, Ms, etc. Names of well-known organizations, broadcasting corporations are often written without periods, like UN, UNESCO, NATO, VOA, BBC.

3. Three spaced period make the ellipsis mark, which indicates the omission of one or more words within a quoted passage, or pauses in speech; Um… I think, um… she is um… pretty um… hardworking.

The Comma ( , )

1. A comma is used to join coordinate. It is put before the conjunction (and, but, or, for, so, nor, or, yet,):

We wanted to go on, but other people disappeared.

He tried hard, yet he failed to convince her.

We should remember that coordinate clauses have to be joined with a comma and a conjunction. One comma alone cannot do the job though it is possible in Chinese.

Sam is four years old, he is quite bright.

Sam is four years old, and he is quite bright.

Using a comma to link two clauses is a common mistake, which has a name:

华科双学位英语new

2008级、07级（五年制）英语二学位通知 2008级、2007级（五年制）申请修读华中科技大学英语第二学位的同学请注意：非华科大同学请于2010年3月5号上七校联合办学网查看自己的分班情况及课表，仔细阅读课表下方有关上课时间、上课地点以及教材购买等的通知，按通知要求做好上课前的准备，并根据课表的安排准时到指定地点上课。华科大的同学除上述要求外，还必须于缴费当天上班时间持缴费收据到科技楼南楼212注册。 华中科技大学外国语学院英语系 2009年12月20号

英语双学位（1班---16班）2009－2010学年度第二学期课表（周六上课） 第一次上课时间: 2010年3月6号（第一周周六）上课地点: 东九教学楼（上午8：30----11：40，下午2：00----5：10） 请同学们第一次上课时于7：50以前到达上课地点，以便有充足的时间购买教材；请仔细阅读课表下方的有关通知 注：第一次上课时间：2010年3月6号（第一周周六）； （2010年3月6号为第一周周六，2010年3月7号为第二周周日，3月13号为第二周周六，3月14号为第三周周日，以此类推。）上课周次：周六班（1---16班）：1---3周、5---12周、14---15周； 除按课表已安排的周次正常上课外，本学期节假日（如清明节、五·一节、端午节）均安排补课。

英语双学位（17班---26班）2009－2010第二学期课表（周日上课） 第一次上课时间: 2010年3月7号（第二周周日）上课地点: 东九教学楼（上午8：30----11：40，下午2：00----5：10） 请同学们第一次上课时于7：50以前到达上课地点，以便有充足的时间购买教材；请仔细阅读课表下方的有关通知 注：第一次上课时间：2010年3月7号（第二周周日） （2010年3月6号为第一周周六，2010年3月7号为第二周周日，3月13号为第二周周六，3月14号为第三周周日，以此类推。）上课周次：（17---28班）：2---4周、6 ---12周、14周、16周 除按课表已安排的周次正常上课外，本学期节假日（如清明节、五·一节、端午节）均安排补课。

科技英语写作论文封皮及范文1

硕士课程论文 课程名称： 专业： 姓名： 学号：LAN ZHOU JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Master Course Paper Paper Name: Course Name: Mayor: Name: Number:

ON-LINE DIAGNOSIS OF MARINE DIESEL CRANKSHAFT CRACK BASED ON MAGNETIC MEMORY LI HAN-LIN, LIN JIN-BIAO, CAI ZHEN-XIONG, LU YONG (Marine Engineering Institute, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021) Abstract: This paper summarized recent diagnosis methods of marine diesel crankshaft crack and introduced the fundamental principle, development and application of metal magnetic memory testing (MMMT) diagnosis technology. Compared with other methods, a scheme developed from MMMT combined with torsional signal to make on-line diagnosis of crankshaft crack was proposed, and the on-line diagnosis experimental platform of diesel was designed. Finally, comments were also made on the on-line MMMT method. Keywords: marine diesel; crankshaft; crack; metal magnetic memory 1Introduction Most of the crankshaft cracks on ocean marine diesel are deeply latent and difficult to detect artificially. In general, while the crack develops to a certain extent it will rupture and cause destructive breakage1. If inchoate stress concentration and tiny crack of crankshaft are detected on-line by Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods, the diesel can be stopped before the full development of the crack and thus rupture can be avoided. A new NDT method, MMMT developed rapidly recent years with advantages in such areas as cheap and simple sensors, measuring without impacting diesel operation and long-term on-line detection. Therefore, there will be a great foreground to use MMMT in crankshaft crack detection. 2Dynamic Diagnosis of Crankshaft Crack 2.1 Static Diagnosis of Crankshaft Crack Crankshaft crack is one of the fatal faults in diesels. There are some static NDT methods to diagnose crankshaft crack2such as Ultrasonic Testing, Radiographic Testing, Magnetic Particle Testing, Penetrate Testing, Eddy Current Testing, Optical Holography,and Microwave Testing. These methods have taken an important part in crankshaft quality control and accident prevention. However, on the other hand there are several disadvantages of these methods. Firstly, all of them must find cracks already formed and can not detect unexpected ones. Secondly, they are unable to make on-line detection and fault diagnosis. Thirdly, most of them need surface pretreatment of the facilities before inspection. Finally, the accuracy of detection is affected by crankshaft configuration and personal skill. 2.2 Dynamic Diagnosis of Crankshaft Crack At present there are some methods to diagnose shaft cracks on-line: rotor engine vibration displacement method, train wheel shaft temperature testing, acoustic emission and tortional vibration signal testing. However, vibration displacement method is unfit for diesel crankshaft crack diagnosis due to the strong vibration from reciprocating movement which makes it difficult to survey displacement and acceleration. Although there is local high temperature on the cracks, it is hard to inspect the change of the crankshaft temperature due to the high temperature of the lube oil in the diesels. Acoustic emission method is still in developing as great noise from diesel operation makes it difficult to measure high frequency acoustic wave emitted by crack. Therefore at present it is feasible to diagnose crankshaft crack on-line by using torsional vibration signal. 2.3 Crankshaft Crack Diagnosis Using Torsional Vibration Signal Literature 3 brought forward a method using torsional vibration signal detected real-time from diesel to diagnose crankshaft fault. It studied crack fault diagnosis though measuring the characteristics of the torsional vibration of the shafting flywheel system, and presented that model frequency and damp were sensitive parameters of cracks. The torsional vibration measuring system of the diesel had several advantages such as: easy measuring, no direct contact, cheap sensor and longevity. It was a long-term reliable alarm method for diesel shafting crack. Research group in Marine Engine Institute of Jimei University has done the research of internal-combustion engine score fault with intelligent torsional vibration diagnosis system4, and it was a successful case of on-line fault diagnosis based on torsional vibration signal. 3Metal Magnetic Memory Testing Technique In the year 1997, Russian professor A. A. Dubov brought forward correlative theory of metal magnetic memory on the World Conference on NDT, developed MMM instruments and formed MMM NDT technique5. 3.1 Theory of Metal Magnetic Memory Testing Under the condition of the existence of the outside magnetic field, usually the magnetic field of the earth, there will appear a phenomenon in the stress concentration zone of ferromagnetic components with load that permeability of material besides the zone reduces and surface leak magnetic field increases, which is called magnetostriction. It will makes the surface magnetic field of the ferromagnetic accessory increase, and the magnetic field can remember the location of disfigurement and stress concentration zone, thus it is named metal magnetic memory.

科技英语写作高级教程参考答案完整

练习1 II冠词 1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.（Emmet博士2001年毕业 于哈弗大学） 2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Xi’an University of Technology in 1988.（李教授1998年在西安理工大学获得机械工 程博士学位） 3.Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks.（现在我们转向（turn to）讨论一下局域网） 4.The Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important an instrument as the optical spectrometer.（质谱仪是与光谱仪一样重要的仪器） 5.How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment?（做这个实验 需要多长时间？） 6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.（压力的增加总会引 起体积的减少） 7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).（图（2-5）画出了式（2-2）所表 示的情况） 8.The unit of inductance is the henry.（电感的单位是亨利） III、改错 1.The UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure.（UASMA协议采用了 独特的帧结构） 2.Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.（最 后，用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器） 3.Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharing system（先应秘密共享系统安全性的动态分析和评估） 4.The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potential barrier with an arbitrary profile.（该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒） 5.We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method.（我们提出 了一种基于牛顿地带发的数值方法） 练习2 1. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.（该电路是由一个电池、一个电感器和一个电容器组成） 2. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.（试计算在a、b、c三点处的电场。） 3. This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.（这颗卫星用于美国与英国、法国、意大利之间的通讯） 4. We assume that the antenna is vertical and that its loss is zero.（我们假设该天线是垂直的，并且其损耗为0）

BEC初级至高级全套用书下载链接必备学习

美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释(Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资

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对于反应不了的结论也应指出，同时提出实验结果与下文表征结果相符。 1.3 800nm处吸光度值的比较； 1.4随时间增加，粒子尺寸的增加； 1.5胶束粒径的分布； 1.6裸粒子和不同胶束的流体动力学； 1.7三种不同粒子的TEM表征图； （作者均结合图像对表征图像内所反应内容客观的叙述。） 1.8不同粒子状态下的SAXS:

对于不常用的表征方法要解释使用的理由，并结合参考文献的内容来佐证。 2 Discussions部分: 讨论部分解释结果中的现象，合理分析原因。并将各图像之间所反映 的事实联系在一起。

相类似的实验现象已有文献报道，对结果结合参考文献进行进一步解释 指出研究结果在实际中可能的应用； 讨论中对于研究中的不足或不明确指出也要明确指出。

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