2014年全国职称英语考试教材阅读理解电子版--含译文、题型分析

第一篇 (2102.2013.2014)

Telling Tales about People

One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.

An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.

Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.

Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.

词汇：

backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的

注释：

1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2. Memoirs，strictly speaking，are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。

练习：

1. This passage is mostly about _______.

A. the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies

B. famous autobiographies

C. why biography can be difficult to write

D. differences between autobiographies and memoirs

2. Helen Keller wrote________.

A. a memoir

B. an autobiography

C. a work of fiction

D. a biography

3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they________.

A. feel they have to make up details to make their books sell

B. constantly compete with biography writers

C. want to present themselves in a good light

D. have trouble remembering the good times

4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by________.

A. defining it

B. giving an example

C. explaining why it is hard to write

D. telling when people first began writing it

5. Diverse means________.

A. able to swim in deep water

B. similar or alike

C. varied or different

D. enjoying poetry

答案与题解：

1. A 本题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传

回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。

2. B 本题问的是：海伦凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。

3. C本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格……，因此答案是C，他们想展示自己好的一面。

4. A本题问的是：本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A，通过给每个类型进行定义。

5. C本题问的是：diverse 的意思是？其汉语意思为―多种多样的‖，因此C正确。

译文：

自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的自己。就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常相近。

第二篇(2012.2014)

Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference

Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky1.When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.

Most student leaders don't want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon's operations officer for two years.

Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations2. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.

At large universities like Fangmeyer's, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to "belong in their own corner of campus".

Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey's findings."I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus butalso find a group of friends."

All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren't thinking about their resumes. "I think that a lot of people do join to 'fatten up their resume'", said Heitner."At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles."

But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up3 for an event designed to

educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university's complicated bureaucracy.

"Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference", Fangmeyer said.

1. An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student

leaders_________.

A) are lazy

B) are stupid

C) are not rich enough

D) will not take an interest in it

2. Atherican students join campus organizations mostly for_________.

A) making a difference

B) gaining experience

C) building friendship

D) improving their resumes

3. Who is Katie Rowley? _________.

A) She's a senior professor

B) She's a senior student

C) She's a senior official

D) She's a senior citizen

4. What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?

_________.

A) Passion.

B) Money.

C) Power.

D) Fame.

5. The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by_________.

A) invent

B) rewrite

C) polish

D) complete

答案与题解：

1. D 本题问的是：像募集30万美元的课外活动有点冒险是因为多数学生领导者？答案可以从

第二段的第一句话中找到。第一句话是这么说的：大多学生领导者并不想在他们不感兴趣的事上花大量的时间。

2. C 本题问的是：美国学生参加校园组织的主要目的是什么？答案可以从第三段找到。第三

段是这么说的：威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任Yvonne Fangmeyer在2月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说，寻求友谊是最经常列举的理由。

3. B 本题问的是：Katie Rowley是谁？文章提到了好几个人，Katie Rowley是其中的一个。

第五段讲到Katie Rowley。"a Wisconsin senior‖，是―威斯康星大四的学生‖。

4. A 本题问的是：为了把一项活动顺利地贯彻到底学生领导者需要什么？答案可以从倒数第

二段找到。第一句话是这么说的：但是，如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。

5. C 本题问的是：哪个词替换第6段中的―fatten up‖最合适？"fatten up‖原意是―使人或动物变

肥‖，在这里可以解释为使一个人的履历更充实一些，因此也好看一些。因此意思上最接近的是"polish‖（润色）。

译文：

让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。

佛罗里迖大学一个22岁的学生Darren Heitner说大多学生领导者不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松式跳舞经营部经理两年了。

YvonneFangmeyer是烕斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在二月组织了一次学生参加校园组织的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园组织的原因。

像Fangmeyer的大学那样规模根大的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。

威斯康星大四的学生KatieRowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友”。

这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历。Heitner说：“我认为很多人加入校园组织来丰富经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园组织，希望培养自己的领导能力。”

但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在四月份，威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动，向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，同学校复杂的机构打交道。

第三篇：

Shark attack!

Craig rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. he looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board.”I could have touched its eye with my elbow,”says craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn’t heard a thing.

In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut tow of his fingers on the shark’s teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.

Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as then can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans, Aperson has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.

The most common explanation is that great whites don’t see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when accacking seals, great whites shoop up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal.”They spit us out because we’re too bony,”says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.

Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It’s possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information, Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.

练习：

1. After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark C .

A) bit his surfboard B) bit his fingers

C) swam away D) attacked him

2. It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites A .

A) often let humans escape B) kill humans

C) have so many teeth D) grow to six meters or more

3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4? B

A) create B) are C) increase D) depend upon

4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means B .

A) people’s B) great whites’C) sea lions’D) seals’

5. What is the main idea of the forth paragraph? C

A) Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly.

B) Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet

C) We now know great whites don’t mistake humans for other animals.

D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans.

译文“

克雷格?罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了：一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。―我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛‖，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。

克雷格惊慌害怕，手足无措，但是偶然之间他被鲨鱼咬掉了两支手指，然后随着滑板翻了个个儿，他也掉进水里。就在那时，处于水中的克雷格两支手指鲜血直流，但这条五米长的鲨鱼却径直游开，消失在深海之中。

虽然鲨鱼常被认为是疯狂杀人的猎手，但事实上这是不准确的。鲨鱼很少猎杀人类。比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。在上个世纪，有报道的只有74人命丧鲨鱼之口。然而大白鲨可以长封6米长、2200公斤重或是更重。3000颗牙齿排成数排长在鲨鱼那可怕的血盆大口中，它们可以轻易杀死并吃掉无助的落水者。但为什么大多数人受到大白鲨攻击之后都能鲨口逃生呢？鲨鱼研究者们正在努力寻找使得人类鲨口脱险的原因。

最常用的解释是说大白鲨的视力不好。人们认为大白鲨会把人类错当成是海豹或是海狮，后两者是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。但是人类又找到了理由来质疑这一论断。最近的研究信息表明大白鲨视力不错。并且当大白鲨在攻击海豹时，它们会迅速窜上海面，用力撕咬。但当大白鲨在攻击人类时，它们在大多数情况下会慢慢浮上海面，撕咬的力度也轻得多。它们很快就会发现人类的肉不够肥。―它们把我们吐出来是因为我们太瘦了‖，艾丹?马丁说道，他是鲨鱼研究暗礁搜索中心的领头人。

诸如马丁这样的鲨鱼研究者们提出了这样一种假设：大白鲨实际上是一种好奇心很重的动物，它们喜欢探索新鲜事物。有可能它们撕咬物体不仅仅是为了猎杀和吃掉，也是为了搜集信息。虽然这种经历对于像克雷格·罗杰斯这些人来说很不幸，但是当鲨鱼在撕咬冲浪板，或是别的物体，甚至是人类时，很可能它们只是在尽量了解那到底是个什么东西。

第四篇：

Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving

Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. That was Halloween2.In a few weeks American houses will, be red and green and filled with presents ,for Christmas3.

As if all this isn't enough, on Thursday this week, America will enjoy another festival一Thanksgiving.

Children will have two days off school, shops will close and houses will be filled with families enjoying mountains of food.

Every year, in Gainesville, Florida, an entire class celebrate Thanksgiving together. The class dresses up and puts on plays for their families. After the plays the families share a feast of traditional Thanksgiving foods like turkey and pumpkin pie.

Dean Foster, an 11-year-old boy will take part in this celebration. He said:"I love Thanksgiving because it means time off school, lots of nice food and a happy family."

His brother Ben, nine, said:"The best thing about Thanksgiving ,is that when it is finished ,it is time to start Christmas."

But behind the food and the large amount of money spent there is another message. On Thursday evening, Dean and Ben's family will make a basket and put it on the table as they eat their evening meal.

Each of them will write a list of things that they are thankful for and place the paper in the basket. The family will read the pieces of paper and take time to thank God and each other for providing them with comfortable and happy lives.

Thanksgiving is a traditional festival that started in 1621, when the first pilgrims arrived in America to start a new life. After a hard year, they had a big autumn harvest. They held a feast and invited the native American Indians along to thank God for giving them enough food.

Many countries celebrate Thanksgiving. They often fall after the fields have been harvested and the crops collected for winter.

词汇：

turkey /'t?:ki/ n．火鸡

pumpkin /'p?mpkin/n．南瓜

pilgrim /'pilgrim/n．朝圣者

注释：

1. Thanksgiving /'θ??ks,givi?/：感恩节（11月的第四个星期四）

2. Halloween /,h?l?u'i:n/：万圣节10月31日之夜（据传此时可见到鬼）

3. Christmas /'krism?s/：圣诞节（12月25日）

练习：

1. On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as________.

A) ghosts

B) players

C) pilgrims

D) visitors

2. When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten? ________.

A) On Halloween.

B) On Thursday.

C) On Thanksgiving.

D) On Christmas Day.

3. Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for________.

A) looking after them

B) providing them with comfortable and happy lives

C) clothing them

D) protecting them

4. Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because________.

A) they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food

B) they can dress up like monsters

C) they can put on plays

D) they can visit American Indians

5. The first pilgrims settled in America in________.

A) 1621

B) 1620

C) 1622

D) 1619

答案与题解：

1. A 本题问的是：在10月31日之夜，美国儿童常常打扮成什么样子？文章的第一段第一个句子是这么说的：四周前，美国儿童打扮成怪物，四处要糖吃。―鬼‖(ghosts）跟―怪物‖(monsters）比较接近，因而选项A是正确的答案。

2 C 本题问的是：火鸡和南瓜饼是什么时候吃的？火鸡和南瓜饼是感恩节的传统食品。这一信息可以从第四段的最后一个句子中找到。

3 B 本题问的是：感恩节是美国人的什么样的日子？选项B说的是：是感谢上帝为他们提供了舒适、幸福生活的日子。该答案可以从文章的倒数第三段中找到。

4 A 本题问的是：许多美国儿童喜欢感恩节的原因是什么？选项A说的是：他们可以待在家里，跟父母在一起，并且会吃到很多好吃的东西。答案可以从第三段和第五段中找到。

5 B 本题问的是：第一批朝圣者是什么时候到美洲来定居的？答案可以在倒数第二段的第一个句子中找到。

译文

四周前美国的孩子打扮成魔鬼，四处要糖吃。这就是万圣节。几周之后就是圣诞节，美国的房子都会染成红色和绿色，里面充满了礼物。

似乎这一切还不够，这周的星期二，美国人还会庆祝另外一个节日——感恩节。

孩子们有两天不上课，商店歇业，房子里面家人喜欢的食物堆成了山。

每年在Gainesville, 佛罗里达，整个一个班会一起庆祝感恩节。整个班会打扮起来，为家人表演剧目。剧目过后一家人分享一顿传统的感恩节美食，比如火鸡和南瓜饼。

Dean Foster, 一个11岁的男孩愿意加入这次庆祝。他说：―我喜欢感恩节，因为不用上学，有很多好吃的，还有快乐的家庭聚会。‖

他9 岁的弟弟Ben 说，感恩节最好的地方，就是它结束时就是圣诞节开始的时候。

但是在食物和花掉的大笔的钱背后有另一层寓意。周二晚上，Dean 和Ben的家人会做一个篮子，吃晚饭的时候把它放在桌子上。

每个人会把他们要感谢的东西列在一张单子上，放在篮子里。一家人会读出每一张单子上写的内容，花时间感谢上帝，感谢彼此给予这样舒适幸福的生活。

感恩节是一具传统节日，起源于第一批朝圣者来到美洲开始新生活的时候。艰苦的第一年后，在秋天取得了大丰收。他们举行了盛宴，并邀请了当地的土著印第安人一起感谢上帝给予他们充足的食物。

很多国家庆祝感恩节，时间经常是在庄稼成熟，收割完毕准备过冬之后。

第五篇：

The Travels of Ibn Battuta

“I left Tangier, my birthplace, t he 13th of June 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage [to Mecca]...to leave all my friends both female and male, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests.” So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paris — the travel journal of Ibn Battuta.

Almost two centuries before Columbus, this young Moroccan set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of history’s great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote corners of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modern countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him.

Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi. On the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and tw o horsemen: “we fought ... killing one of their horsemen and about twelve of the foot soldiers ... I was hit by an arrow and my horse by another, but God in his grace preserved me ... We carried the heads of the slain to the castle of Abu Bak’har ... and s uspended them from the wall.” In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his prior study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave. When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. Ibn Battuta set off in three ships, but misfortune struck while he was still on the shore. A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships, scattering treasure and drowning many people and horses. As he watched, the third ship, with all his belongings and slaves — one carrying his child — was carried out to sea and never heard from again.

After a lifetime of incredible adventures, Ibn Battuta was finally ordered by the Sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world. Fortunately, he consented and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages, allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys.

词汇：

pilgrimage /'pilgrimid?/ n．朝圣，远游

ferry /'feri/ n．渡船

sultan /'s?lt?n/ n．苏丹（伊斯兰教国王，某些伊斯兰国家统治者的称号）

suspend /s?'spend/ vt．吊，挂；暂停

finance /fai'n?ns/ v．给…提供资金

scatter /'sk?t?/ vt．撒播，驱散；vi．消散

consent /k?n'sent/ vi．同意，赞成

slain: slay的过去分词slay/'slei/ v．杀死，杀戮

unparalleled /?n'p?r?leld/ adj．无比的，空前的，绝无仅有的

the open country野外

foot soldier 步兵

注释：

1. …with the intention of making the pilgrimage ..．……打算去朝圣……

2. Little celebrated in the West,…虽然在西方社会不怎么知名，……

3. …seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi.……在德里的苏丹王那里谋到了一份收人颇丰的工作。

练习：

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A) Visitors to Mecca.

B) The adventures of Ibn Battuta.

C) Ibn Battuta‘s character.

D) Asian countries of the 14th century.

2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5?

A) left to go to

B) discussed

C) arrived at

D) decided upon

3. The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because________.

A) the sultan needed a translator.

B) Ibn Battuta had been a judge before.

C) Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca.

D) Ibn Battuta had traveled to many countries.

4. Which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with?

A) Ibn Battuta‘s journeys were very common for people of that time.

B) Ibn Battuta‘s stories are probably not true.

C) Ibn Battuta‘s journey was less important than Marco Polo‘s.

D) Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today.

5. Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home?

A) He was tired of traveling.

B) He didn‘t have any more money.

C) He feared the Sultan of Delhi.

D) The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return.

答案与题解：

1. B 根据本文的内容以及标题（The Travels of Ibn Battuta)，我们可以很快排除选项A、C 和D。所以答案为B (The adventures of Ibn Battuta)。

2. A 从第一行我们知道伊本白图泰的家乡是丹吉尔，所以第五行中set off词组后提到的麦加必然是伊本白图泰要去的城市，想必他是离开家乡前往麦加。因此，对比四个选项之后，我们不难发现正确答案为A (left to go to)。

3. C 在第三段第七行中，我们可以发现本题的答案：因为有在麦加的学习经历，德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作。因此，对比四个选项之后，我们不难发现正确答案为C (Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca)。

4. D 选项A的意思是：在他那个时代的人看来，伊本白图泰的经历很普通。结合本文内容我们知道该选项必然是错误的，故排除A。选项B的意思是：伊本白图泰的游历故事可能是虚构的。根

据本文的内容我们可以知道伊本白图泰在历史上确有其人，他的游历经历也是真实的，甚至他的游历故事还被写成了书流传后世，所以该选项不对，故排除B。选项C的意思是：伊本白图泰的游历没有马可波罗的游历重要。根据本文，我们知道伊本白图泰的经历虽然在西方社会不如马可波罗那么有名，但他的故事在阿拉伯世界是家喻户晓。文中并没有出现对比他们俩的信息，所以我们不能武断地说谁的游历就一定比另一位的重要，故排除选项C。因此，本题正确答案为D（在现今的西方世界，伊本白图泰应该会比以前更有名）。

5. D 在第四段前两行中，我们会发现：最后摩洛哥的苏丹王要求游历一生的伊本白图泰回家和世人分享他的智慧。定位这条信息之后，我们再来对比四个选项就不难发现本题的正确答案为D（摩洛哥的苏丹王要求他回家）。

译文

伊本白图泰游记

―1325年6月13日，我离开了家乡丹吉尔，打算前往麦加朝圣。我告别了所有的朋友，如鸟儿离巢般，告别故土。‖这便是伊本白图泰游记的序言。这份旧的手稿存放在巴黎一家图书馆里。

这Y年轻的摩洛哥人所处的年代比哥伦布的年代要早了几乎两个世纪，从他出发去麦加算起，30年之后伊本白图泰才回到故乡，那时的他已经晋升到历史上伟大旅行家的行列。出于好奇，他游历了伊斯兰世界的各个角落，足迹遍布了44座现代城市，总行程是马可波罗的3倍。虽然在西方社会不怎么有名，伊本白图泰在阿拉伯国家却家喻户晓。在伊本白图泰的故乡丹吉尔，有以他命名的广场、旅店、咖啡馆、渡船，甚至汉堡。

伊本白图泰以学生的身份在麦加待了几年，但对于游历的渴望很快又让他重新出发。有一次他来到印度，在德里的苏丹王那里谋到了一份收入颇丰的工作。他写到，在去德里的路上，他的队伍在野外被80名步兵和2位马夫攻击：―我们进行了殊死搏斗……杀死他们的一位马夫和差不多12名步兵……我和马都中了箭，但是多谢真主的恩赐，最后我活了下来……我们背着亡者的头颅前往阿布巴卡尔的城堡……并把这些头颅挂在城墙上。‖因为有在麦加的学习经历，德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作。但是这位苏丹王脾气古怪，性情多变，所以伊本白图泰想借机逃走：当苏丹王提出要资助伊本白图泰去中国旅行时，他同意了。伊本白图泰将要乘着三艘船起航，但他还未离岸，不幸便降临了。一场突如其来的暴风雨摧毁了两艘船，吹走了财宝，许多船员和马匹都溺水而亡。他眼睁睁看着载着他的财物和奴隶的第三艘船被吹到了海上，从此便再无音讯。更糟的是，他的孩子也在这艘船上。

最后摩洛哥的苏丹王要求一生游历的伊本白图泰回家和世人分享他的智慧。幸运的是，他同意了此事并写了本书。这本书已被翻译成了很多种语言，可以让世人了解他那无与伦比的旅行经历。

第六篇：

TV Shows and Long Bus Trips

Long bus rides are like television shows1 .They have a beginning, a middle, and an end一with commercials2 thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window.3"Buy Super Clean Toothpaste." "Drink Good'n Wet Root Beer." "Fill up with Pacific Gas."Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of"You Need It! Buy It Now!"4 The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you've traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed一new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it's fun to try to figure it out5 the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story.6 Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides mcre interesting. But you've got to be carful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.

The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning7. You know it will soon be over and there's a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now

you've sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the arm rests一even with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at the right time. There are just no more ways to sit.

词汇：

ride /raid/n．旅行，乘坐

unavoidable /,?n?'v?d?bl/adj．不可避免的

billboard /'bilb?: d/n．露天广告牌；招贴板，告示牌

gas /g?s/n．＜美＞汽油，gasoline一词的缩略形式；气体；煤气；可燃气

spare /spe?/vt．使……免于伤害，饶恕，宽容；节省，节约，吝惜；为……抽出时间、金钱等

style /stail/n．行为方式，作风；风格，文风，文体；时尚，流行式样

reckless /reklis/adj．不顾危险的，鲁莽的，轻率的

daring /'de?ri?/adj．大胆的；勇敢的

thrilling /'θrili?/adj．令人激动的；使人毛骨惊然的

suspense / s?s'pens/n．悬念；悬而不决

expectation /,ekspek'tei??n/n．期待，盼望；预料，估计

lap/l?p/n．（衣服的）下摆，裙兜，衣兜；（人坐着时的）大腿部

注释：

1. Long bus rides are like television shows. like在此句中是介词，意思是―像，如；跟……一样‖。例如：He is like an athlete．他像个运动员。

2. commercials：商业广告，特别指电台、电视台播出的商业广告。

3. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window．每隔几分钟就会有一块广告牌从车窗外闪过。

4. Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of "You Need It! Buy It Now!‖只有当你睡着的时候，就和关掉电视一样，才会免受那些没完没了的―你需要它，现在就来买吧！‖的干扰。

5. figure it out：计算出；解决

6. …the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. ……乘车就像读悬念故事一样令人兴奋。此句中的as... as结构是比较结构的一种，常称之为同级比较，表示与……一样。在as与as之间的形容词或副词必须是原级。

7. The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning．旅程的最后倒有点儿像刚开始。此句中的somewhat是副词，意思是―一点儿，有几分‖。

练习：

1 According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long

bus trip?

A) Buses on the road.

B) Films on television.

C) Advertisements on billboards.

D) Gas stations.

2. What is the purpose of this passage?

A) To talk about the similarities between long bus trips and TV shows.

B) To persuade you to take a long bus trip.

C) To display the differences between long bus trips and TV shows.

D) To describe the billboards along the road.

3. The writer of this passage would probably favor______.

A) bus drivers who weren't reckless

B) driving alone

C) a television set on the bus

D) no billboards along the road

4. The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because______.

A) the commercials both on TV shows and on the billboards along the road are fun

B) they both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in between

C) the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses

D) both traveling and watching TV are not exciting

5. The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both

are______.

A) exciting

B) comfortable

C) tiring

D) boring

答案与题解：

1. C 第一段中一开始就讲乘长途汽车旅行就像看电视。随着汽车往前开，路两边的广告不断地从窗旁滑过。

2. A 文章第一段说乘公共汽车长途旅行与看电视一样，有开始、中间和结尾，每隔三四分钟都会看到商业广告。文章下面的部分紧接着描述了旅途中的这三部分及作者的感受，所以该文是写对坐公共汽车长途旅行的看法。故此题答案为A。

3. D 此题答案的依据在第一段。第一段说：The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not.―这些商业广告是不可避免的，不管你想要还是不想要。‖最后一句说：Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of "You Need It! Buy It Now!‖只有当你睡着的时候，就和关掉电视一样，才会免受那些没完没了的―你需要它，现在就来买吧！‖的干扰。从这些句子中可以看出，作者更喜欢沿途没有那些广告牌。至于A选项错是因为文中说the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story，意为―坐车就像读悬念故事一样令人心惊肉跳‖，作者并没有明确表示不喜欢鲁莽的司机，相反还暗示喜欢不同风格的司机。B、C选项文中都未涉及。故D为正确选项。

4. B 此题答案在第一段前两句：Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end一with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes.―乘长途汽车旅行与看电视一样，有开始、中间和结尾，每隔三四分钟都会看到各种商业广告。‖此句话明确地指出了B为正确选项。

5. A 此题答案可以从第二段的第一句和第三段的第二句的相互呼应关系中得出。第二段中的第一句说：The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting,…―旅途刚开始是蛮舒服的，甚至有点令人兴奋‖；第三段第二句说：You know it will soon be over and there's" kind of expectation and excitement in that. ―知道自己快下车了，你满怀期望和兴奋。‖由此看出旅途的开始和结束都令人兴奋，故A为正确选项。kind of：某种程度上。又如：I'm feeling kind of tired．我觉得有点累。

译文

看电视与长途汽车旅行

乘长途汽车旅行与看电视倒很像。旅行有开始，中途和结尾，每隔三四分钟都会看到各种商业广告这些商业广告是不可避免的，不受你的意志左右，大约每过几分钟就会有一块广告牌从窗外闪过。比如―买超洁净牙膏‖―饮格威特露啤酒‖―请用和平汽油‖等等。就像看电视时，只有你关机才不会听到那些广告词，些时，你只有睡着了才不致受那些没完没了的―你需要它，现在就来买吧！‖的吵闹。

旅行刚开始是蛮舒服的，甚至有点令人兴奋，即使你以前曾沿此路线旅行过。通常会有不少变化，新的房室，新的高楼，有时甚至会有一段新的道路。司机有自己的开车方式，开始一、二小时计算车速挺有趣的。如果碰上一个特别粗心大意或胆大的司机，那乘车就会像读扣人心弦的故事一样让人兴奋。司机能及时超过那辆卡车吗？司机开车进左手还是右手车道呢？当然，过了一会儿兴奋也就没了。小睡片刻对过好途中几个小时是很有帮助的。而食物则会让旅程更加有趣，不过吃食物的时候，千万别吃太多咸食，那样你会很口渴。

旅程的最后倒有点像刚开始。知道自己快下车了，你满怀期望和兴奋。当然，随着时间一小时一小时过去，座位变得越来越硬，此刻，你交叉着双腿，把手放在扶手上，甚至你会把双手交叉托于脑后。旅行就要结束了，不再有其他坐的方式。

第七篇：

Modern Sun Worshippers

People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines1. Others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their pictures taken2 in front of famous places. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on3.

Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it4. Residents of cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rain5. This is the reason the Mediterranean6 has always attracted them. Every summer, more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts7 and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason: sun!

The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries. Italy's 30,000 hotels are booked solid8 every summer. And 13 million people camp out on French beaches, parks, and roadsides. Spain's long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else. 37 million tourists visit yearly, or one tourist for every person living in Spain9.

But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can handle. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. And with increased tourism ,it's getting worse. The French can't figure

out10 what to do with all the garbage left by campers around St. Tropez. And in many places, swimming is dangerous because of pollution.

None of this, however, is spoiling11 anyone's fun. The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists. Obviously, they don't go there for clean water and solitude12. They tolerate traffic jams13 and seem to like crowded beaches. They don't even mind the pollution. No matter how dirty the water is, the coastline still looks beautiful. And as long as14 the sun shines, it's still better thanin the cold rain in Berlin, London, or Oslo.

词汇：

battlefield / 'b?tlfi:ld/n．战场，疆场

inconvenience /ink?n'vi:nj?ns/n．带来麻烦的事情，不便

resident /'rezid?nt/n．居住者，居民

Copenhagen /,k?up?n'heig?n/n．哥本哈根（丹麦首都）

Amsterdam /,?mst?'d?m/n．阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都）

vacation /v?'kei??n/n．假期，休假

coastline /'k?ustlain/n．海岸线

tourism / 'tu?rizm/n．旅游，观光

pollute /p?'lu:t/vt．弄脏，污染

garbage /'ga:bid?/n．废物，垃圾

camper /'k?mp?/n．宿营者

Berlin /b?:'lin/n．柏林（德国首都）

Oslo /'?zl?u/n．奥斯陆（挪威首都）

economy /i'k?n?mi/n．经济状况，经济；节省，节约

注释：

1. religious shrine：宗教圣殿

2. have their pictures taken：请别人为他们照相

3. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie o n．但大多数欧洲游客愿意寻找阳光充足的海滩晒日光浴。注意look for和fmd的区别。look for是―找‖的过程，常解释为―寻找‖,find是―找‖的结果，所以常解释为―找到‖。不妨体会一下它们的差别：I've been looking for my lost watch and haven't found it yet.

4. Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it．北欧人心甘情愿花大笔金钱，容忍诸多不便去获得阳光，因为阳光对他们来说太难得了。

5. Residents of cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the rest of the year in the rai n．由于白天很短，像伦敦、哥本哈根和阿姆斯特丹的居民在冬季的大部分时间里，都是在昏暗中度过的，而其余的季节又都是阴雨连绵。这句点出了北欧阴冷潮湿，日短夜长的气候特征，也就解释了欧洲游客执著追求温暖明媚阳光的原因。

6. the Mediterranean：地中海地区

7. resorts：指常去的地方，胜地

8. be booked solid：全部客满

9. 37 million tourists visit yearly ,or one tourist for every person living in Spai n．每年有3 700多万游客，换句话说，旅游者与西班牙居民人数相当，即为1:1。

10. figure out：此处指―想出‖，它还有―算出；明白；断定‖等意。

11. spoil：原意为―损坏；宠坏‖，此处指―破坏兴致‖。

12. solitude：意为―独居，独处‖，文中指清静自在。

13. traffic jams：交通堵塞

14. as long as：意为―只要；在……情况下‖，引导条件状语从句。又如：I'm happy as long as you are happy.

练习：

1. The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that________.

A) they want to see historic remains or religious spots

B) they are interested in different cultural traditions and social customs

C) they would like to take pictures in front of famous sites

D) they wish to escape from the cold, dark and rainy days back at home

2. In paragraph 2, cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam are mentioned________.

A) to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate

B) to tell us how wealthy their residents are

C) to suggest that these cities lack places of historic interest and scenic beauty

D) to prove that they have got more tourism than they can handle

3. According to the passage, which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the

others?

A) Italy.

B) Spain.

C) France.

D) Greece.

4. The latter half of the last sentence in paragraph 3, i. e.,"or one tourist for every person

living in Spain" means________.

职称英语阅读理解(终审稿)

职称英语阅读理解 文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-MG129]

【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】 【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】 第二十七篇Driven to Distraction Joe Coyne slides into the driver’s seat, starts up the car and heads1 to town. The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion2, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him. But even if he hadn’t stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isn’t real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isn’t really driving. Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion University3 (ODU) examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel.4 The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting — or whether any distractions are offset5 by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations.6 “We are looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,” said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor lending the research, which involves measuring drivers reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual cues7. The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload8 involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy

理工类职称英语新增完整版

理工类职称英语新增标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]

【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】 【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】 第八篇What Is a Dream For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions. Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life. 1 The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by

2014年职称英语 阅读理解(41) +Too Little for Global Warming

第四十一篇 Too Little for Global Warming Oil and gas will run out1 too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios2 to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change3 say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up4 the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet. The IPCC’s predictions of global meltdown pushed forward5 the 1997 Kyoto Protocol6, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleklett and Colin Campbell of Uppsala University say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass7. Although estimates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2010, and gas soon after. Their analysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined amount to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil considerably less than the 5,000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the world’s remaining reserves. Nebojsa akicenovic, an energy economist at the University of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panel’s work still stands8. He says they factored in9 a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the “conservative”Swedes. Even if oil and gas run out. “there’s a huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited.” He says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO2for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of particulates. He says the latest

2020年职称英语新增文章：教材理工类第六篇

2020年职称英语新增文章：教材理工类第六篇 第六篇 The Apgar Test The baby was bom at 3：36 p. m. At 3：37，she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3：41，she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad. Another baby, bom at 8：24 p. m.，scored 3 out of 10 on his first test He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8：34 and scored 5. 1 He called for help1. These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. 2 Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6，the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth. The Apgar t est is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is bom. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0，1，or 2. 3

职称英语阅读理解50答案

Stress Level Tied to Education Level 1.Stress level is closely related to. social status. 2.The1,031adults were interviewed. on a daily basis for 8 days. 3.Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days? People with college degrees. 4.The less advantaged people are, the greater. the impact of stress on their health is. 5.Less-educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because. Stress is too common a factor in their life. Medical Journals 1.The main readers of medical journals are. health professionals. 2.Which of the following statements is NOT true? Most medical journals publish only online. 3.How many major types of articls are mentioned in the passage? Five. 4.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called. A research article. 5.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on. Articles published in that journal. Need for Emphasis on Treatment 1.Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries? They are not receiving any treatment. 2.The WHO publishes its World Health Report. Once a year. 3.According to Lee, our response to the AIDS disease is. A matter of great significance. 4.AIDS treatment programs may also result in. more effective prevention. 5.How many people have died of AIDS so far? More than 20 million. Heat and Health 1.More than 600 people died from heat in Chicago. In 1995. 2.What can piople learn from the Mean Heat Index? The average temperature of an extrem ely hot day. 3.A heat wave is a period of time during which. The weather is much hotter than usual. 4.Muscle pain in hot weather means that. Y our body needs more water. 5.For people who are not in good health,heat can. Be deadly. Losing W eight 1.The study showed that most of the girls. Had a healthy body weight. 2.What percentage of the girls considered themselves overweight? Nearly 30 percent. 3.The survey participants were girls. Who were 10 to 1 4. 4.What kind of institution does the lead researcher work with? A hospital. 5.Unhealthy attitudes about weight,body image and food may. Lead to an eating disorder. Pushbike Peril 1.According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because. they are not noble enough. 2.In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal iniuries. To tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the projict. 3.Paragraph 3 mainly discusses. how serious injuries occur. 4.The passage implies that. It is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. 5.In which of the following ways the handgrip work? It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents. Aate-night Erinking 1.The author mentions “pick-me-up”to indicate that. coffee is a stimulant. 2.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep? Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss? Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep. 4.What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove? Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone. 5.The author of this passage probably agrees that. we should not drink coffee after supper. Attitudes to AIDS Now 1.What do activists worry about? People may stop worrying about AIDS. 2.According to the passage, people’s attitude toward the cure of AIDS is. realistic. 3.The Gallup Poll shows that the number of people. Who think AIDS is the country’s top health killer has fallen. 4.According to the Kaiser Poll, which of the following is NOT correct? More and more people die of AIDS now.

职称英语用书

阅读理解：第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Tumor C级 The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking ,said medical experts after a five-year research study . Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else .Following breast cancer ,it has the second-highest incidence rate. “An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer ,” said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchens. However , local women were adjacent to then cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer .come claimed they may change food preparation methods. “Unless my family and I don/t eat at home every day , I must stay in the kitchen to cook,” said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.” Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He. “Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,” said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College. “It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.” He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said. 练习： 1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? D A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women. B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men. C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males. D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? B A Heart disease. B Breast cancer. C Infectious diseases. D Lung cancer. 3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? A

2014年职称英语真题及答案综合类C级(阅读理解)

Taking Pictures of the World Meet Annie Griffiths Belt,a National Geographic photographer.Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978,and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world.In fact,Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn't seen yet. Belt's photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality.They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world.Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan,as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England.Recently,her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America. Everywhere that Belt goes,she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language." The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into people's lives,"she has said."The camera is like a passport,and I am often overwhelmed by how quickly people welcome me!"

2013职称英语综合类阅读理解英文及译文

2013职称英语阅读理解英文及译文 2013年新增（一）阅读判断 1.第一篇：Taking Pictures of the world 2.*第十二篇：Starting a New Tradition （二）概括大意与完成句子 1.第五篇：US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 2.第八篇：How We Form First Impression （三）阅读理解 1.第三篇：Shark Attack ！ 2.第五篇：The Travels of Ibn Battuta 12年新增的篇目：第1、8、10、11、16、19、20、26、30、33、34、35、37、38、47篇 13年新增的篇目：第3、5篇。 12年第8篇(C级)第33篇B级，第35篇A级2012年已考 职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章) 3 第一篇讲述关于人们的故事 Telling Tales about People 第二篇课外学习带来很大不同 4 Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 5 第三篇小心鲨鱼 5 Shark Attack! 6 第四篇火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福 6 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 7 第五篇伊本白图泰游记7 The Travels of Ibn Battuta 8 第六篇看电视与长途汽车旅行9 TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 10 第七篇现代日光浴者10 Modern Sun Worshippers 11 第八篇变化中的中产阶级11 The Changing Middle Class 12 第九篇单亲幼儿最出色12 Single-parent Kids Do Best 13 第十篇艾伦的来信13 A Letter from Alan 14 第十一篇芭蕾舞的发展14 The Development of Ballet 15 第十二篇走私15 Smuggling 15 第十三篇芭比娃娃16 The Barbie Dolls 16 第十四篇睡眠17 Sleep 17

2016年职称英语考试必过技巧(完整版)

2016年全国职称英语考试必过技巧 1、试题概况及答题顺序 1.1、必杀技：见下表中“答题顺序”： 1.2、详解 1.2.1、词汇、阅读理解、完型填空所占分值最高（合计高达75分），放到前面来做，避免万一时间不够，可以确保先抓住大部分分数。 1.2.2、词汇、阅读理解、完型填空都是部分来自教材，放到前面来做，记忆比较深刻，答题成功率较高。 1.2.3、阅读判断放到最后，是因为本题根据经验蒙答案（具体方法后面详述）成功率可拿到全部7分中的3分，这样可以腾出时间给需要查词典即可稳拿分数的词汇题，所以阅读判断的答题时间只有1分钟。 2、词汇（1分/题*15=15分） 2.1、必杀技： 2.1.1、准备一本正式出版的英语同义词词典，推荐牛津出版社出版，外研社翻译出版的《牛津英语同义词词典》。 2.1.2、教材练习不用做，把答案勾画出来，只需记住其中题目划线部分或者答案是词组的，其余不用看。 2.1.3、考试时看到有教材中的词组题则直接答上，其余的查词典。 2.2、详解： 2.2.1、职称英语考试允许带一本正式出版的，并非针对职称英语考试而编写的词典。而本题考核内容就是同义词（词组），显然使用同义词典效率更高。 2.2.2、词组记忆相对容易而查词典找同义词组相对较困难，又因试题来自教

材练习4-9题，所以必须记住教材中的词组题。教材词汇练习一共100题，其中有词组的也就20个左右，记住绝对没有困难； 2.2.3、因职称英语词汇数量有限，直接查同义词词典，一般前三个义项就会有答案。 3、阅读理解（3分/题*15题=45分） 3.1、必杀技： 3.1.1、熟记教材文章练习题的正确答案，重点掌握去年教材上没有的新增文章，考试时先找教材上的文章，做出来。 3.1.2、其他文章，先作考试题目中有人名、地名、国家名、数字、年代等专有名词的题。 3.1.3、勾画出考试题目中的关键词（一般是名词，不必认识它也不必查词典），然后到文章中找一样的关键词定位。 3.1.4、定位关键词后，对比文章中关键词附近的词或词组，与答案选项中词或者词组重合的最多的即为正确答案。（就像玩拼图游戏，考察你的眼力！ˇ?ˇ） 3.1.5、如果你无法定位关键词，则： 3.1.5.1、如有选项为“以上X项皆是”，即为正确答案， 3.1.5.2、看四个答案选项中有无大部分相似的。如有，若意思完全相反的其中一个必是答案；若意思并非相反的则较长选项为答案，如没有大部分相似的，则最长的选项为答案。 3.1.6、如果考试题目是针对文章中的某个单词的意思，那么就相当于是一个词汇题，则同义词词典又派上用场了！ 3.1.7如果考试题目是问文章主旨（如作者的观点，替换文章标题等）的，则需要细读文章题目，每段第一句和文章最后一句，并大致搞清意思。然后选择意思最接近的一项答案。 3.2、详解： 3.2.1、考题共3篇文章，其中1篇（5个题占15分）来自教材。根据历年经验，教材新增文章作为考题的概率较大。所以熟记教材上所有文章（以教材新增文章为重点）的练习题答案，即可保证稳拿15分！注意：因为考试会把ABCD4个答案选项次序打乱，所以不要只记正确答案的ABCD编号，而要记住正确答案

2015年职称英语考试综合类A级教材字典版

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/cc9048659.html,/ .375. School Lunch Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the middle of the day.In Britain schools have to provide meals at lunchtime.Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents.There are strict standards for the preparation of school meals,which have to include one portion of fruit and one of vegetables,as well as meat,a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta.Lunchboxes examined by researchers contained sweet drinks,crisps and chocolate bars.Children consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunch time. The research will provide a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade.Unfortunately,the government cannot criticise parents,but it can remind them of the nutritional value of milk,fruit and vegetables.Small changes in their children’s diet can_affect their future health.Children can easily develop bad eating_habits at this age,and parents are the only ones who can prevent it.A Powerful Influence There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference1to our lives.Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet,hardly ever doing anything else in their spare time.Naturally,parents are curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive,and they want to know if it can be harmful for their children.Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at their computers? Obviously,if children are bent over their computers for hours,absorbed in some game,instead of doing their homework,then something is wrong.Parents and children could decide how much use the child should_make of the Internet,and the child should give his or her word that it won’t interfere with homework.If the child is not holding to this arrangement,the parent can take more drastic steps dealing with a child’s use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other sort of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is_seriously alarmed about a child’s behaviour should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher.Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily affect a child’s performance at school.Even if a child is absolutely crazy about using the Internet,he or she is probably just going through a phase,and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!The Old Gate In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them.This was partly for defensive reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable,like people with contagious diseases.The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century.The last of London’s gates was removed a century ago,but by a stroke of luck,it was never destroyed. This gate is,in actual fact,not called a gate at all;its name is Temple Bar,and it marked the boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster.In 1878the Council of London took the Bar down,numbered the stones and put the gate in storage because its design was unfashionable it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970’s with the intention of returning the gate home.The aim of the Trust is the preservation of the nation’s architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down,stone by stone,removing and rebuilding it near St Paul’s Cathedral.Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced,though there is a good chance that the basic structure will be sound.The hardest job of all,however,will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.Family History In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being attracted to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to find out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a fairly short history,like Australia and the United States. It is one thing to spend some time going through a book on family history and to take the decision to investigate your own family’s past.It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and_cause yourself many problems which could have been avoided with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you that you are connected with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just treat it as an interesting possibility.A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your way.The most important thing,though,is to get started.Who knows what you might find? Helen and Martin With a thoughtful sigh,Helen turned away from the window and walked back to her favourite armchair.Would her brother never arrive?For a brief moment,she wondered if she really cared that much. Over the years Helen had given up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her.Her feelings for him had gradually weakened until now,as she sat waiting for him,she experienced no more than a sister’s curiosity to see what had become of her brother. Almost without warning,Martin had lost his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office.Somehow the two of them hadn’t bothered to keep in touch and,left alone,Helen had slowly found