全国2008年10月自考《英语二》真题及参考答案

2008年10月自考英语（二）试题

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I．V ocabulary and Structure

1. If you ____ in ignoring my instructions, I shall have to punish you.

A. exist

B. resiste

C. persist

D. insist

2．Economics, student needs and our new understandings of how people learn are ____ to break the traditional education monopoly.

A. tempted

B. bound

C. obliged

D. determined

3. I shall come to the meeting. I can’t stay till the end, _____.

A.though

B. somehow

C. therefore

D. otherwise

4. They said he was _____ of holding public office, so they decided to deprive him of his post.

A. irrelevant

B. irresponsible

C. incapable

D. indifferent

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5. The sad condition of women working as domestics _____ much media attention.

A. received

B. perceived

C. inspected

D. suspected

6. The masses cannot ____ hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt.

A. go through

B. go in for

C. go over

D. go into

7. Not until quited recently _____ that language was closely related to culture.

A. I realized

B. did realize I

C. realized I

D. did I realize

8. Robots are programmed to take over such jobs _____ welding and painting.

A. for

B. like

C. of

D. as

10. Lots of dependent babies are ______ of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged.

A. better

B. more

C. larger

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D. greater

II. Cloze Test

Choise is the opportunity to select among alternatives. If there is no choise, there is no decision to be made. Decision __11__ is the process of choosing, and many decisions have a broad range of chlise. For example, a student __12__ be able to choose among a number of different courses in order to implement the decision to obtain a college degree. For manager, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the __13__. These constraints exist __14__ all levels of the organization.

Alternatives are the possible couses of action __15__ choices can be made. If there are no alternatives, there is no choice and, therefore, __16__ decision. __17__ no alternatives are seen, often it means that a thorough job of examining the problems has not been done. For example, managers sometimes __18__ problems in an either/or fashion; this is their way of simplifying complex problems. But the tendency to __19__ blinds them to other alternatives.

At the managerial level, decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them, and the range is from highly limited __20__ practically unlimited.

11. A. made B. making C. make D. to make

12. A. must B. can C. may D. should

13. A. similar B. same C. so on D. like

14. A. at B. for C. on D. over

15. A. among what B. between them C. of that D. from which

16. A. somewhat B. some C. no D. any

17. A. As B. If C. While D. Though

18. A. treat B. meet C. face D. deal

19. A. satisfy B. simplify C. identify D. modify

20. A. before B. in C. to D. after

Passage One

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In recent years many companies of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machines which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers’ contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter wirking hours be so important to them.

21. The passage is mainly about how to ____.

A. promote workers’ competition

B. meet worker’s need for variety

C. ensure workers’ right of choice

D. improve workers’ performance

22. According to the writer, variety enables a worker to _____.

A. derive more enjoyment from life

B. work in his own way more freely

C. fulfill his job requirements better

D. undertake greater responsibilities

23. We learn from the passage that freedom of choice _____.

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A. can hardly function in a flexible manner

B. can hardly lead to increased productivity

C. is hardly seen as effective by companies

D. is hardly available in the modern factory

24. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared with large production lines, smaller ones give workers ____.

A. a greater variety of interesting tasks

B. a stronger sense of accomplishment

C. a better idea of the modern industry

D. a clearer picture of essential factors

25. According to the writer, higher pay can _____.

A. make tiring work more interesting

B. make up for longer working hours

C. help workers to live more happily

D. help to create greater procuctivity

Passage Two

We live in a technological society. Almost every aspect of life in the modern world is influenced (for better or worse) by technology . Communications, transportation, manufacturing, mining and exploration, the service industries, medicine, agriculture all are dominated by methods and apparatus which are the results of technological advances. The basis of technology is science. without the fundamental discoveries and understanding provided by science, technology would be hit-or-miss(随意的) affair, lacking direction and making little progress. One can argue that our society is beginning to suffer from too much technology, but we will never return to the primitive life of our ancestors – technology is with us and it will remain with us.

Just as it is important to study history so that we can appreciate how the world came to its present state, it is important to learn some of the basic concepts of science so that we can appreciate the role that technology plays in modern society. For without some knowledge of the scientific principles by which technology operates, one can neighter cope with technology nor assist in directing it into the proper channels.

In recent times, we have had the general attitude that whatever is technologically possible should be done. It is now

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becoming increasingly apparent that our scientific and technological progress has outstripped (超越) our capacity to perform or absorb everything that is possible. More and more, we weill have decisions to make: in what directions should the thrust of our new discoveries be made? The situation requires that we make intelligent decisions –decisions based in a knowledge and an understanding of what can be done, what will be the benefits, and what weill be the comsequences. Scientists do not make these decisions; people make them. It is therefore incumbent (义不容辞的) on every individual to acquire the basic knowledge that weill permit him to participate intelligently in directing the course of our technological advancement.

26. According to the passage, technology can ____.

A. produce bad effects on society

B. suffer from hit-or-miss affairs

C. influence the course of science

D. restore life of the primitive age

27. According to the passage, one must learn basic concepts of science in order to ____.

A. assist in directing science in a proper way

B. contribute to the orientation of technology

C. discover the progress of science in history

D. find out about the existence of technology

28. Because the human capaity to perform or absorb everything that is possible has been outstripped, it is time for people to ____.

A. slow down the development of technology

B. reduce the role of science in modern times

C. take a new point of view about technology

D. reevaluate the lifestyle of human ancestors

29. According to the write, it is everyone’s responsibility to participate in deciding on ____.

A. how fast scientific advancement should be

B. how fast technological progress should be

C. what to acquire and what to skip in science

D. what to do and what to avoid in technology

30. The passage is mainly about _____.

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A. the influence of technology on modern society

B. the importance of learning scientific principles

C. the imp;act of scientific progress on civilization

D. the difference between science and technology

Passage Three

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on out interpesonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fight off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.

Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulites. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support –financial aid, material resources, and needed services – that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

31. We learn from the passage that interpersonal relationships are important because _____.

A. they are essential to people’s social well-being.

B. they arouse people's desire for communication

C. they deal with problems in the informatoin era

D. they are effective in curing a range of diseases

32. Research shows that people's physical and mental health _____.

A. is related to stressful conditions

B. is related to support from others

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C. relies on soical welfare systems

D. relies on the severity of diseases

33. The underlined word "cushions" (paragraph 2) most probably means ____.

A. adds up to

B. does away with

C. lessens the effect of

D. lays the foundation for

34. Social companionship is beneficial in that_____.

A. it enables people to eliminate their mistakes

B. it helps people to understand their problems

C. it adds a new meaning to people's social life

d. it creates a new focus of attention for people

35. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of ____.

A. instrumental support

B. informational support

C. social companionship

D. increasing self-respect

第二部分非选择题

IV. Word Spelling

36. 增长，增加v. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _

37. 想象;料想vt. i_ _ _ _ _ _

38. 特征;相貌n. f_ _ _ _ _ _

39. 贵重的,有价值的adj. v_ _ _ _ _ _ _

40. 寂静;沉默n. s_ _ _ _ _ _

41. 散布,传播v. s_ _ _ _ _

42. 放松;缓和n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

43. 暗示,含有...的意思vt. i_ _ _ _

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44. 敏感的,灵敏的adj. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

45. 护照n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _

46. 感情,情绪n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

47. 批评的,紧要的adj. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _

48. 城市的,都市的adj. u_ _ _ _

49. 运输vt. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

50. 大约的,近似的adj. a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

51. 追求;从事vt. p_ _ _ _ _

52. 替换;代替n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

53. 装置;方法n. d_ _ _ _ _

54. 分开;部门n. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _

55. 停止,结束v. c_ _ _ _

V. Word Form

56. Picture yourself vividly as ___________(defeat) and that alone will make victory impossible.

57. The most _______________(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.

58. _______________(affect) with a serious disease, van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.

59. It is not yet known whether robots ____________(have) vision as good as human vision one day.

60. My family _______(be) loving and supportive. They are always ready to help me.

61. Their positive leisure attitudes are essential for ________(motivate) them to use their leisure in creative ways.

62. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently ____________(recognize).

63. If only he ___________________(take) my advice years ago.

64. In 1966-1967, the transformation in England __________ (lead) by the Beatles, who were already established as a fine rock group.

65. Increasingly new technology is making it __________(easy) for us to find alternative methods of testing.

VI. Translation from Chinese into English

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66. 许多成功者在取得成功很久以前就曾梦想过他们的成功.

67. 任何想要理解未来工业的人都得了解机器人技术.

68. 我明天想做的就是呆在家里睡一天觉.

69. 在美国每四年举行一次总统大选.

70. 很难专心致志地干一件枯燥无味的事.

VII. Translation from English into Chinese

71. The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increase speed, or enlarged capacity, or prolonged memory, or reduced size, but for better questions and better use of the answers. Without taking anything away from the technicians, we think it might be fruitful to effect some sort of junction between the computer technologist and the poet. A genuine purpose may be served by tuning loose the wonders of the creative imagination on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology. The company of poets may enable the men who tend the machines to see a wider range of possibilities than technology alone may inspire.

A poet, said Aristotle, has the advantage of expressing the universal; the specialist expresses only the particular. The poet, moreover, can remind us that man's greatest energy comes not from his dynamos but from his dreams. But the quality of a man's dreams can only be a reflection of his subconscious. What he puts into his subconscious, therefore, is quite literally the most important nourishment in the world.

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