【高考复习指导】2015届高考英语二轮复习 专题二 名词课堂训练

专题二名词

1. (2014·安徽卷)— Why not buy a second－hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?

—That's a good ________．

A. saying

B. question

C. suggestion

D. account

2. (2014·江苏卷)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election.

A. symbol

B. portrait

C. identity

D. statue

3. (2014·福建卷)—Could you tell me the ________ of making such tasty cakes?

—Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.

A. feature

B. plan

C. cost

D. trick

4. (2014·天津卷)Wind is now the world's fastest growing ________ of power.

A. source

B. sense

C. result

D. root

5. (2014·浙江卷)We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.

A. attempts

B. requests

C. doubts

D. promises

6. (2014·湖北卷)Her ________ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.

A. motivation

B. qualification

C. talent

D. technique

7. (2014·湖北卷)When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now”，Joan's face turned red at the unexpected ________．

A. command

B. comparison

C. compliment

D. contribution

8. (2013·江苏卷)With inspiration from other food culture, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.

A. share

B. chance

C. turn

D. lead

9. (2013·浙江卷)As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.

A. worth

B. supply

C. package

D. list

10. (2013·湖北卷)Carbon dioxide, which makes a ________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.

A. difference

B. comparison

C. connection

D. barrier

1. 【答案】C

【解析】句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买新车，为什么不买辆二手车呢？——是个好建议。saying(谚语，格言)；question(问题); suggestion(建议)；account(记述；账户；解释)。本题中的“Why not...？”表建议。

2. 【答案】A

【解析】句意：尽管她两年前就被软禁起来了，但她在去年的选举中依然是个势力强大的代表人物。symbol(符号，标志；象征；代表人物); portrait(肖像，画像); identity(身份；个性); statue(塑像，雕像)。

3. 【答案】D

【解析】句意：——你能告诉我制作如此美味的蛋糕有什么诀窍吗？——哦，我只是照着烹调书的说明做的。feature(特征；特写)；plan(计划)；cost(成本)；trick(诡计；诀窍；戏法)。4. 【答案】A

【解析】句意：风能如今是世界上发展最快的能量来源。source(源头)；sense(感觉；判断力)；result(结果)；root(根源)。

5. 【答案】B

【解析】句意：我们更喜欢同意我们认识并喜爱的人的请求。attempts(试图，尝试)；requests(要求，请求)；doubts(怀疑)；promises(许诺)。

6. 【答案】A

【解析】句意：她写作的动力是希望让女性得到更高教育的权利。motivation(动机，动力，诱因)；qualification(资格)；talent(才能，才干)；technique(技术；技巧)。根据本句后半句“a desire for women to get the right to higher education”可知叙述的是她为什么要进行写作，也就是她写作的动机。

7. 【答案】C

【解析】句意：当Richard说，“你现在更有礼貌更漂亮了”，听了这出乎意料的称赞(compliment)，Joan的脸红了。

8. 【答案】C

【解析】句意：受其他饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化可以向更好的方向转变。share (份额，股份); chance(机会，可能); turn(变化，转变); lead(榜样，领先地位)。

9. 【答案】B

【解析】句意：随着世界人口的持续增长，食物的供给越来越成为一个关注的焦点。worth(价值); supply(供应)；package(包); list(清单)。

10. 【答案】D

【解析】句意：二氧化碳在我们和太阳之间形成一道屏障，很容易阻止热量从大气层散发出去，因此地球正变得越来越暖和。difference(区别)；comparison(比较)；connection(联系，连接)；barrier(障碍，屏障)。

高考对于名词的考查重点以词义辨析为主，要特别注意名词的固定搭配、抽象名词的具体化、一词多义以及熟词新义。近些年考查名词的题目，在设问方面更趋精细化。

近年来高考热点名词的辨析有五大特征：

1. 固定搭配，如：develop a preference/taste for..., make a barrier between..., cause damage to...。

2. 以－tion, －sion, －ce, －ment, －ty等为后缀的词，如：expectation, reputation, accommodation, occupation, adaptation, appreciation, participation, contribution, civilization, connection, competition, ambition, satisfaction; impression, expression; patience, consequence, significance, intelligence; arrangement, assessment, equipment, compliment; quality, quantity, identity。

3. 形近词的辨析，如：symbol, sign, signal; symptom, sympathy; priority, privilege。

4. 近义词的辨析，如：harm, injury, ruin, damage; advice, suggestion, idea; offer, supply; strength, talent, ability, skill。

5. “无关联”词汇的辨析，如：luck, value, time, fact; operation, growth, performance, character; purpose, reference, progress, memory; promise, lead, balance, diary。

要点储备一：名词的特殊情形

要点储备二：名词的所有格

1. More than one doctor has warned the patient that without proper treatment the disease will lead to lung ________．

A. defeat

B. fall

C. failure

D. attack

2. Messi, only 25, has won his ________ as one of the world's greatest soccer player.

A. reputation

B. achievement

C. contribution

D. civilization

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考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes

2.不规则变化

注意:1.fish的“数” ?

2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?

4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。

It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital. 从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。 I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。 (3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。 China's industry 中国的工业 the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面 (4)用以构成不同的节日。 April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节 Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节 (5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家 at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店 (6)-'s用于学位中。 a Bachelor's degree学土学位 a master's degree硕士学位 a doctor's degree博士学位 (7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。 My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。 (8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格 Jonh and Mary’s school Jonh’s and Mary’s schools (9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s” somebody else's possessions 3.of所有格

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名词 2004 1.The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a ______ of 60 miles.【全国I28】 A. length B. distance C. way D. space 2.I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s ______.【天津26】 A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place 3.Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within ______ of little children.【湖北21】 A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance 2005 4.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his ______.【天津10】 A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind 5.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.【上海43】 A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character 6.I am sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good ______ of direction.【浙江16】 A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense 7.The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has ______ all over the country.【辽宁27】 A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses 8.My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.【安徽28】 A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought 2006 9.It is no ______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.【全国II11】 A. use B. help C. time D. way 10.Finding information in today’s world is easy. The ______ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.【天津15】 A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge 11.When Jane began to take swimming lessons, her main ______ was the fear of water.【上海42】 A. evidence B. crisis C. obstacle D. danger 12.You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of ______.【广东34】 A. date B. shape C. order D. balance 13.—If you like I can do some shopping for you. —That’s a very kind ______.【浙江17】 A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion 14.School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ______.【辽宁32】 A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions 15.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their ______ and weaknesses.【湖北21】 A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values 16.The ______ on his face told me that he was angry.【湖北23】 A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression 17.At the meeting they discussed three different ______ to the study of mathematics.【湖北24】 A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways 18.Always read the ______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.【福建35】 A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 19.It is said that dogs will keep you ______ for as long as you want when you are feelinglonely.【江西 28】 A. safety B. company C. house D. friend 20.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______ it.【陕西10】 A. in honour of B. in memory of C. in favour of D. in search of 2007

高考英语必考点：考点妙解名词

高考英语必考点：考点妙解名词 典型例题 纵观近几年全国、上海、北京等地的高考试题，对名词的考查往往涉及名词作定语(如：He dropped the coffee cup and broke it.)，抽象名词具体化(如：WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!)，区分可数名词和不可数名词，根据句意选择适当的名词，某个名词在不同场合下的具体意义和一些名词构成的固定搭配。 一般来说名词主要考查： 1．可数名词复数构成的规则及不规则变化。 2．可数名词和不可数名词的判断与用法——对比。 3．名词的所有格，包括’s所有格，…of…所有格和双重所有格的用法。 4．名词作定语和名词构成的习语及用法等。 5．名词的词义辨析。 应试同分瓶颈 纵观历年来高考对名词的考查，主要体现为一个“活”字。因此要求考生平时加强关于名词基础知识的学习，如：名词的数、名词的所有格、主谓一致及一些有关名词的固定搭配。通过对比、归纳、总结等方法，记忆、理解部分知识，并将名词常考知识点梳理清楚。另外在做题时灵活使用所学的基础知识，把握重点、难点，认真审题，依据具体的语境进行分析判断。 近几年的高考题对名词的考查一般集中在名词的辨析上。所以在学习中要注意名词在特定语境中的正确使用和细微差别，另外还要注意名词和动词的搭配用法。抽象名词的具体化也应该引起重视。surprise不可数表示“惊奇”，可数为“令人惊奇的事情”；shame不可数为“羞愧”，可数为“令人羞愧的事”，除此之外还有：honour，failure，success，pleasure，pity等。 ◎命题点1 名词的数 ◎命题点2 名词的所有格及名词作定语 命题点1 名词的数 本类考题解答锦囊 名词有数的区分。在英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。有些名词既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，但所表达的意义不同。我们在应试时要考虑以下几点：

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