小升初英语阅读理解应试技巧
小升初英语阅读理解应试技巧
阅读是增长知识获取信息的主要途径，阅读能力是英语教学的重点。
近年来，注重对阅读理解能力的考核已成为小升初的一大趋势。阅读理解能力影响并制约听、说、读、写能力的形成和发展，英语教学大纲也把培养阅读能力作为一个主要的教学目标。要做好阅读理解，应从以下几方面入手。
分门别类识别文体
随着信息时代的到来，阅读内容更趋于信息化、时代化，突破了单一的故事、寓言等题材，内容涉及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育等，文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产品说明、逻辑推理及实际应用等文体。不同的文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同。
记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等；议论文是阐明作者对人或事好坏的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论；应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。
统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
如某试卷C篇阅读并回答问题中，通过对全篇的布局谋篇以及问题的设置看到的不是片言只语，而从中感悟到人文思想的体现，人类和自然界生态相辅相成的关系，从而得出第6小题：From the passage, we learn that＿＿＿.答案为B。
即：The rainforest people have done something to protect their home.
在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。统览全篇，摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。
开动脑筋推测词意
英语学科教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料，换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程：
根据上下文猜测词意
如某模拟题，阅读B篇中passed away，根据上文的An illness had kept the boy home.和下文写给Rick的信中可以猜测出意为"去世"。
根据构词法猜测词意
前缀un-表反义词，如：happy－－unhappy，fair－－unfair，important－－unimportant等。
后缀-ment表名词，如：develop－－development，state－－statement，argue －－argument等。
后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如：calculate－－calculator，visit－－-visitor，law－－lawyer，wai－－waiter，science－－scientist，art－－artist等。
用知识和生活经验理解短文
如：根据化学知识，可以理解科普读物Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.
根据逻辑推理理解短文
逻辑推理实际上就是文章的"弦外之音"、"言下之意"。如：某试卷阅读C篇回答问题中，根据：Have the police taken your driving licence away, too?可以推断问题6：Why was the other man riding a bicycle instead of diving a car?的答案为：Because the police had take his driving license away.
再如：Then they cam e to the second picture. The assistant was going to draw the cloth as he did before. As soon as he touched the cloth，he cried, Wonderful It's the best picture I have ever seen!据此可以推断出第二张画画的是一块布。
条分缕析理解长句
长句是初中生阅读理解的难点之一，长句中通常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句或短语等。如：Parents whose children show a special interesting particular sport have a difficult decision to make about their children's career.先找出本句的主、谓、宾为Parents have a cession.再找出修饰语Whose children show a special interesting particular sport.为Parents的定语从句，difficult修饰decision，to make about their children's careers为不定式做decision的定语。经过分析，化整为零，化繁为简，此句就不难理解了。
随堂练习
（一）
A man was walking through(穿过) a forest. He had a few caps in his hands. In the forest there were a lot of monkeys. The day was hot, so he decided to have a rest under a tree. He put one cap on his head and lay down to sleep(躺下睡觉).
When he woke up, he couldn’t find his caps. “Where are my caps?”he cried and looked up. He saw some monkeys in the trees. Each had a cap on its head.
“Give me back my caps!” shouted(叫喊) the man to the monkeys. But the monkeys didn’t understand(理解) him. They only jumped, laughed and danced. “How can I get back my caps?” he thought hard. In the end he had an idea. He took off his cap and threw(扔) it on the ground. The little animals did the same thing. Happily the man picked up all the caps and went on his way.
( )1.One day a man was going __________.
A.to the forest
B. through the forest
C.to a village
D. through the city
( )2.The man decided to have a rest because _________.
A.he was hungry
B.he was tired
C.the day was hot
D.he was ill
( )3.When the man woke up____________.
A.he found his caps were gone
B.he saw a fox
C.he had a fever
D.he found many monkeys
( )4.The man wanted to get his caps back, and he shouted to the monkeys,but it didn’t work. Why?
A.Because the monkeys wanted to laugh at him.
B.Because the monkeys wanted to wear the caps.
C.Because the monkeys didn’t understand him.
D.Because the monkeys didn’t hear what he shouted.
( )5.The man was ______when he got all his caps back.
A.angry（生气的）
B.surprised（惊奇的）
C.sad（悲伤的）
D.pleased（高兴的）
（二）
阅读短文,判断下列句子是否与短文内容相符,用T,F来表示.
Everyone in our school loves sports. Every morning after we get up, we do morning exercises. After the second class we do exercises again. We only have PE classes twice a week, but we do physical training (锻炼)at five every afternoon. The most popular sport is basketball. All the boys like playing it and many of the girls like it, too. Another(另一) popular sport is football and in every class there are a lot of football fans. Volleyball is often played when the weather(天气)is fine. We have school teams in basketball, football and volleyball. Our teams often have matches with teams from other schools. When there is a match many of us go to watch it.
Besides(除……之外) ball games, some of us like track-and-field events(田径项目), and we often practice running, jumping and throwing. Every term we have tests(测试) in these events and once a year, we hold a sports meeting.
( )1. Some of us don’t like sports in our school.
( )2. We have three PE classes a week.
( )3. Every boy of our school likes playing basketball.
( )4. We often have ball games with teams from other schools.
( )5. There aren’t any tests running, jumping and throwing in our school. （三）
Do you know there are two kinds of football games? One is American football, and the other is soccer. In China many young men like playing soccer. It is very popular. But the Chinese don’t call it soccer. We call it football. There are eleven players on a team. And the ball is round. Only the goalkeeper can touch the ball with his hands. The other players can’t touch the ball with their hands.
In American, soccer is not very popular. They like playing American football. It is very different. The ball is not round. It likes a big egg. There are also eleven players on a team. All the players can touch the ball with feet and hands.
( )1. How many kinds of football games are there?
A. Three
B. Two
C. Four
( )2. Do the Chinese like playing soccer?
A. Yes, they do.
B. No. they don’t.
C. Yes, I do.
( )3. What do the American people like very much?
A. playing American football.
B. Playing soccer.
C. Watching TV.
( )4. How many players are there on a soccer team?
A. Eight .
B. twenty-two.
C. Eleven
( )5. Who can touch the ball with his hands in American football?
A. Only the goalkeeper
B. Some of the players
C. All the players ( ) 6. What’s the shape of the soccer?
A.Round.
B. Egg.
C. Oval.