Unit 6 How to deal with the drug problem教案(综英一)
任教课程年月日Unit 6 How do we deal with the drug problem?
一、授课时间：第12周3次课, 13周2次课
二．授课类型：理论课8学时、实践课2学时
三．授课题目：How do we deal with the drug problem
四．授课时数：10
五．教学目的和要求：
Try to increase more knowledge about drug problems and form correct and healthy attitude towards drug；Learn about the different solutions to the drug problem and understand the pros and cons of each of them；Compare the arguments and find out their logical premises and fallacies；Learn how to argue coherently and convincingly by studying the techniques employed by the writers.
六．教学重点和难点：
1）背景知识的传授：prohibition; background information of the three authors 2）文章的体裁分析
3）语言点的理解：
Word study: addict, end up, stamp out, get hooked on, wither away etc
Grammar Focus: enumeration; when used as an adverbial conjunction of concession?link verb+as though/as if used to make a comparison; such used as the subjec of a sentence
4) 写作技巧分析
七．教学基本内容和纲要
Part One Warm – up
1.1 Warm-up Questions
1. How much do you know about the drug problem before reading the essays? Please list the names of some drugs and speak out its effects on people?
2. Why do you think people still take drugs in spite of the worldwide anti-drug campaigns? What are people?s motivations of abusing (taking) drugs? What kind of people is the largest group?
3. What do you know about the situation in China? Do you think the drug problem is serious?
1.2 what is drug?
Thanks to medical and drug research, there are thousands of drugs that help people. But there are also lots of illegal, harmful drugs that people take to help them feel good or have a good time.
There are many reasons for trying them or starting to use them regularly. People take drugs just for the pleasure they believe they can bring. Often it is because someone tried to convince them that drugs wo uld make them feel good or that they?d have a better time if they took them.
Opium (鸦片）is a narcotic(麻醉剂) formed from the latex (树汁) released by cutting the immature seed pods (种子荚) of poppies (罂粟). It is most frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade.
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Morphine（吗啡）is the principal active agent in opium(20%). It acts directly on the central nervous system to relieve pain. Morphine has a high potential for addiction; tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence develop rapidly.
A white crystalline powder made from the dried leaves of the coca plant, cocaine（可卡因）is a stimulant that rocks the central nervous system, giving users a quick, intense feeling of power and energy.
Marijuana（大麻毒品）is the most widely used illegal drug in the world because of its low price. It is often called a gateway drug because frequent use can lead to the use of stronger drugs. Amphetamines(苯丙胺，冰毒) are stimulants that accelerate functions in the brain and body. Swallowed or snorted, these drugs hit users with a fast high, making them feel powerful, alert and energized.
Ketamine is a quick acting anesthetic that is legally used in both human and animals as sedative (镇静剂). Users may become delirious(极度亢奋), hallucinate(产生幻觉), and lose their sense of time and reality.
Ecstasy(MDMA摇头丸) is a designer drug created by underground chemists and is a popular club drug among teens. It also raised the temperature of the body, which can sometimes cause organ damage or even death.
1.3 How does drug work?
Drugs are chemicals or substances that change the way our bodies work. When you put them into your body, drugs find their way into your bloodstream and are transported to parts of your body, such as your brain. In the brain, drugs may either intensify or dull your senses, alter your sense of alertness, and sometimes decrease physical pain.
1.4 the harmful effects that drugs bring
Dependence
Mental problems
Restlessness
Muscle/bone pain
Insomnia (失眠)
Diarrhea (腹泻)
V omiting
Cold sweats
1.5 overview of the drug problem
Drug abuse has been increasing at a rapid rate globally. It includes the use of illegal drugs—such as marijuana, methamphetamines , cocaine, heroin, or other "street drugs"—and the abuse of legal prescription and nonprescription drugs.
In the United States and Canada, approximately 40% of adults will use an illegal drug at some time during their lives. Many people abuse more than one illegal substance at a time. Statistics also show that there are nearly 10 million drug takers in China.
The practice occurs most among young people who are looking for new sensations. Many young people have tried drugs simply because they were told not to. They are likely to try what other people,
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especially their parents and teachers, call undesirable, just to be rebellious.
Some young people begin to take drugs when they are in elementary school. Often their friends have persuaded them to do so. They are tempted by the excitement or escape that drugs seem to offer.
Many teens believe drugs will help them think better, be more popular, stay more active, or become better athletes. Others are simply curious and figure one try won?t hurt. Others want to fit in. A few use drugs to gain attention from their parents.
1.6 celebrity abuse drugs
Celebrities have acquired an extremely high status within contemporary society, particularly in the eyes of young people. Celebrities have definite influence on young adults.
NEW YORK: Record-breaking Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps issued an apology on Sunday after a British newspaper published a photograph showing him smoking marijuana.
"I'm 23 years old and despite the successes I've had in the pool, I acted in a youthful and inappropriate way, not in the manner people have come to expect from me," he said. "For this, I am sorry. I promise my fans and the public it will not happen again."
1.7 drug stories
The Opium Wars, also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, lasted from 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860, the climax of a trade dispute between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire. British smuggling of opium from British India into China in defiance of (公然蔑视) China's drug laws erupted into open warfare between Britain and China.
China…s defeat in both wars left its government having to tolerate the opium trade. Britain forced the Chinese government into signing the Treaty of Nanjing and the Treaty of Tianjin, also known as the Unequal Treaties, which included provisions for the opening of additional ports to foreign trade, for fixed tariffs; for the recognition of both countries as equal in correspondence; and for the annexation (吞并)of Hong Kong by Britain. The British also gained extraterritorial (国土范围之外的)rights. Several countries followed Britain and sought similar agreements with China. Many Chinese found these agreements humiliating (耻辱的)and these sentiments (情绪)are considered to have contributed to the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864), and the downfall of Qing in 1912. The Opium Wars forcefully and suddenly opened China to the world.
Part Two Background Information
2.1 Authors
1. Gore Vidal
prolific American novelist, and essayist, political activist: Democratic- Liberal
The war on drugs has nothing at all to do with drugs. It is part of an all-out war on the American people by a government interested only in control.
—Gore Vidal
“Probably no American writer since Franklin has derided, ridiculed, and mocked Americans more skillfully and more often than Vidal.” (Gordon S. Wood, The New York Times, December 14, 2003)
任教课程年月日Gore Vidal was often pointedly controversial: he published comments on democracy, homosexuality, religion, and drug legalization.
2.2 Clarence Page
Columnist
editorial board of the Chicago Tribune
1972 Pulitzer Prize for a Chicago Tribune Task Force series on voter fraud
1989 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary
2.3 Charles Krauthammer
a syndicated columnist: The Washington Post Writers Group
political commentator, physician , conservative (neoconservative in foreign policy)
2.4 Prohibition in the United States (the Noble Experiment)
1840s, spearheaded by some religious denominations
1881, Kansas as the first to outlaw alcoholic beverages
1917, alcohol banned as mandated in the 18th Amendment to the Constitution
1919-1933, nation-wide movement, plagued by smuggling and bootlegging
1933, the 18th Amendment repealed by the 21st Amendment
Part Three Text Appreciation
3.1 Text Analysis
3.1.1 Structure of the text
1. drugs
I. Thesis: plausibility of legalization (para. 1)
II. Reasoning (paras. 2-8)
A. rebuttal of the danger of a whiff of opium (para 2)
B. The freedom to do what one wants (para 3)
C. rebuttal of the warning rumble that legalization will lead us to end up a race of Zombie. (para 4)
D. a consequence of prohibition: making people want it more (para 5)
E. the negative effects of the prohibition (paras. 6-7)
F. The consequences of a slight reduction in the supply of marujuana (para 8)
III. Conclusion: unlikelihood of legalization
2. The trouble with legalizing drugs
I. Thesis: infeasibility of legalization (para 11)
II. Appeal of legalization (paras 12-15)
A. Positive effects (para12)
B. ineffectiveness of prohibition (paras 13-15)
III. Rebuttal of legalization (para 16-19)
A. increase of drug use and social cost as a result of legalization (para 16)
B. evidence of prohibition reducing drug use (paras 17-18)
C. A weakness in Bennet?s argument (para 19)
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IV. conclusion: infeasibility of both a quick and a slow fix
3. Legalize? No. Deglamorize
I. Elimination of drug-related crimes as a result of legalization (paras 21-22)
II. Rebuttal (paras 23-26)
A. Negative effect on public health outweighing cost of law enforcement (para 23)
B. Faulty analogy between alcohol prohibition and drug prohibition (paras 24-25)
C. Three effects of legalization and the consequences(para 16)
III. Solution: deglamorization (paras. 27-31)
A. A lesson to learn from the anti-smoking campaigh (paras 27-28)
B. Moral persuasion and mild repression (paras 29-31)
IV. thesis: a large-scale propaganda campaign (para 32)
3.2 Writing Devices
3.2.1. Satire/Irony:
If you can?t win the game, change the rules.
…deliciously convenient…
Deep thinkers…
3.2.2. Understatement:
…sounds too good to be true and probably is.
3.2.3.Quotation from authority:
para.15
3.3 Sentence Paraphrase and Understanding
1. Now one can hear the warning rumble again: if everyone is allowed to take drugs everyone will and we shall end up a race of Zpmbies.(para 4)
Now we can hear the loud warnings of thoese who are against legalization. They will say if drugs are legalized, everyone will become addicts, and our nation will become Zombies.
2. This Psychological insight is, for some reason, always denied our governors.
Somehow, for some unknown reasons, our leaders never seem to understand this.
3. Last year, when the supply of marijuana was slightly reduced by the Feds, the pushers got the kids hooked on heroin and deaths increased dramatically
Last year, when the Federal agents got tough with drug dealing, and the supply of marijuana were slightly down, young marijuana users shifted to a more harmful drug----heroin. Pushers got them addicted, and the number of people who died of overdose went uo sharply.
4.Deep thinkers have long advocated lifting the prohibition on drugs.
Notice the sarcastic tone of the author while he refers to legalizers as “deep thinkers”
5.Bennet is right to say the nation?s drug problem is too multifaceted to be destroyed with a “magic bullet”
Bennet is right in pointing out that the drug issue is such a complicated problem that there is no quick and easy solution.
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6.with Cocaine and heroin readily available, additional transportation deaths alone would dwarf the current number of drug-related deaths.
Some drugs can cause people to lose control of themselves. So users are prone to cause car accidents. Road accidents take the lives of many people in the US. It is estimated that during the Vietnam War, more Americans were killed on the road in the US than in the battle.
7. this is not the image of a person wants to project, and projecting an image is why people start to smoke in the first place.
The reason why people started to smoke in the past was to create a glamorous image. Smoking is now seen as a sign of weakness. This is not the image a person wants to create, so smoking has lost its glamour.
8. you must cracking down hard on users.
Crack down on sb: to stop people from getting invovled in an illegal activity and deal more severely with those who are caught doing it.
Part Four Language Study
1. Simply make all drugs available and sell them at cost.
at cost: (at cost price)
e.g: Tom?s uncle is a car dealer and let him buy the car at cost.
c.f: The enemy finally took the city, but at a heavy cost.
I don?t think you should work so hard at the cost of your youth.
We were instructed that man?s life be saved at all costs. (at any cost)
at cost/ at a cost/at the cost of/ at all costs/at any cost
2. addict: n a person who is unable to stop taking drugs, alcohol, tobacco,etc
a heroin addict/ a chess addict/a TV addict
Addicted adj 通常做表语be/become addicted to
Gradually, he became addicted to ～.
Addictive adj causing addiction 可做定语和表语
Addiction: condition of taking drugs, etc
3. kick/break the habit (infml) slang
to stop doing sth that has been a habit for a long time, esp. a bad or dangerous habit
The center provides help for addicts who have kicked their habit and want to stay away from drugs.
4. For the record, I have tried every drug and liked none, disproving the popular theory that a whiff of opium will enslave the mind.
For the record: to declare openly and officially.郑重说明
Just for the record, I didn?t vote for him.
For the record I?d just like to say that I totally disagree with this decision.
disprove/approve/approval
A whiff of: a small amount of; a slight sign or feeling of sth
A whiff of onion/fear/danger/hypocisy
Enslave: to become slaved by, to be controlled by
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5. Zombie: (informal) someone who does not seem to know or care about what is happening around them and moves very slowly, esp.because they are very upset or tired
6.Along with sb: besides Interfere with
In pusuit of: pursue End up: finally become In advance
7. Forbidding people things they like or think they might…all the more. This psychological insight, for some mysterious reason, always denied our governors.
All the more: even more than before
All the better, all the harder
Insight: the ability to perceive sth
E.g: As a child, he has showed a keen insight___ people?s character.
Deny: refuse or disagree
8. forbid/prohibit/prevent
forbid sb to do sth; prohibit/prevent sb from doing sth
9. stamp out
a.踩灭（火）
b.Please stamp out the butt of the cigarette in case it would cause fire.
c.消除，消灭，镇压
10. get (sb) hooked on: be addicted to sth
According to a recent report Children as young as eight years old can get hooked on heroin.
Young men can easily get hooked on this kind of music.
11. have a vested interest in (doing) sth: 从中获得既得利益
It was difficult to end the system of slavery before the Civil War because slave owners had a vested interest in keeping it.
He has a vested interest in Mona?s leaving the firm.
12. wither away: to die out or disappear gradually
As a result of her drug addiction, her promise of becoming an artist withered away.
Older people are complaining that the old values are withering away in the present society.
13.pump…into… to put a large amount of sth into, usu. at a high rate; pump sth into sb 强行向…灌输; 投入资金
（1）一位好的老师绝不能在课堂上向学生灌输大量的知识。
A good teacher should not pump abundant of ideas into students.
（2）很多学生在考试前极力灌输一些知识在脑海里。
Many students tried to pump some facts into their minds before the examination.
14.bail out
to remove water; （从…中）往外舀水
bail out sth:跳伞，摆脱，逃避
bail sb out (of) sth : to help sb out of trouble
We can?t expect the government to bail out all the failing
companies.
15.be alone in (doing) sth
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不是只有我一个人这么认为。I am not alone in thinking so.
16.forty-fold: fold 后缀“乘以，或者…倍”
manifold
17. rebuttal: the noun form of rebut, or refute; the action of contradicting. 反驳
A top lawyer is able to prove and give rebuttal in the lawsuit.
v: rebut
18.Repeal: n & V
an official or legal cancellation 废除，撤退，撤销等
Cf: repeal/ abolish/ cancel
?Due to the rainy days, we have to _____ the football game.
?After the civil war, American government_____ the system of slavery.
?The Congress is discussing whether to _____ this law.
Repeal 为书面用语，用来撤销立法机关所通过的协议、法案、法律等
Abolish 正式用语，指通过法律或暴力彻底废除制度等。
cancel 的使用范围最为广泛，多用来取消会议、计划比赛等
19.miss the boat: fail to get the key to the problem
20. symptom: sth showing that you are not healthy; a sign that a larger problem exists
The symptom of the children?s HFMD is the appearance of herps and low fever.
21. Segment: 部分，区间，阶层等
22. impoverished: very poor; poor in quality
impoverished family/areas/land impoverish/ impoverishment
23.minimize: to reduce sth to the lowest level
minimum (min); minimal
maximize/maximum: to increae sth to the largest level
24. catastrophic: adj causing destruction or serious damage; extremely harmful
catastrophic results/ war/ nuclear weapons similar words: disastrous/ ruinous/ devastating
25. outweigh: v to become important or greater than sth
On the whole, his accomplishments outweigh his faults.
26. permanent: adj lasting or existing for a long time
permanent job; permanent staff 同义词：everlasting; 反义词：impermanent, temporary
27.dwarf:v to make sth seem samll or unimportant ; n very small persons
Shakespeare dwarfs other dramatists.
28. undercut: to sell goods at a lower price than one?s competitors; to make sth weaker or less
effective
Online bookstores can undercut retailers by 40%.
undercut one?s authority
29.deglamorize:v to make sth less attractive than it seems
Word-building: de+glamorize
More examples: decrease, degrade, degeneration
Deglamorizes cigarettes/computer games/qq chat
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Glamorize V to make sth attractive
Charming/attractive
30.crack down (hard) on: 竭力取缔，严厉打击
to be strict in making a group of people obey rules or laws 严厉打击，镇压
他们正在严厉查处酒后驾车。
They are cracking down hard on drunk driving.
政府承诺严厉惩治官员的受贿行为。
The government promised to crack down hard on the official?s bribery.
31.sanction：official orders or laws which limit the trade etc. E.g: impose trade sanction
32.onfiscation: the act of taking sth away from sb as a punishment. V confiscate
33. premium:
（1）an amount of money pain once or regularly for an insurancepolicy保险费
（2）an extra amount of money added to the basic rate额外费用，附加费
Phrases: set/put a premium on sb 重视，珍视
Part Five Extension
5.1 Group discussion
1.Do these different solutions represent different vested interests?
2.What would you say about the content, structure and language of the three essays?
3.How are the following methods used to support the arguments?
5.2 Debating
Topics for debating:
(1)To ban or to legalize?
(2)Should the fire crackers be banned?
八、教学步骤和措施
学生练习，师生讨论，课堂讲解为主，与学生讨论为辅，具体步骤如下：
1)口语练习
2)背景知识及作者的介绍
3)文章结构和段落划分
4)课文语言点的讲解
5)习题的讨论
九．作业，讨论题，思考题
(1) 完成课后练习；
(2) spell the words in pairs and check
(3)writing: Should drugs are forbidden in China?
十．课后小结
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十一．参考资料：
?杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（3）第二版，学生用书。北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2012。
?杨立民主编,《现代大学英语精读》（3）第二版，教师用书。北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2012。
?李观仪主编，《新编英语教程》（第三、四册）。上海:上海外语教学研究出版, 1999。
?黄源深，虞苏美等主编，《综合英语教程》（1-4册）。北京：高等教育出版社，1998。
?《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》，北京：外语教学研究出版社，2000。
?Judy Pearsall主编，《新牛津英语词典》。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998。
?丁往道、吴冰等编著，《英语写作手册》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
?张道真，《现代英语用法词典》（重排本）。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994。
?张道真，温志达, 《英语语法大全》上、下卷。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998。