高考英语语法知识点专题复习—情态动词

高考英语语法知识点专题复习—情态动词

情态动词---基础篇

一．情态动词的用法：

1. can 用法：

1）表示能力，与be able to同义，但can只用于现在时和过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。

Two eyes can see more than one.

注：Can you … ? Yes, I can / No, I can’t.

2). 表示允许、请求

用could比can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于could I /you …..? 句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could.

Could I borrow the book ? No, you can’t.

3). 表示推测“可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。（can’t表示一定不是）

It can’t be true.

Can it be true?

2. may 用法

1）表允许，请求= can

表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。

注：May I ….? Yes, you may. No, you can’t / mustn’t.

在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly.

2）表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。

Maybe he knows the news. =

He _____ _____ the news.

3. must

1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。

We must do everything step by step.

注：Must I ….? Yes, you must / No, you needn’t (don’t have to ).

--Must we hand in our exercise—books now?

--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.

2）mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。

You mustn’t talk to her like that.

3）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must 改为can.

He must be ill. He looks so pale.

She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.

注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。

There must be something wrong, ____ ____?

4. need的用法

need既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。

1). 用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。

a). Need I ….? Yes, you must / No, you needn’t .

Need we finish the work today ? Yes you __?

A. need

B. can

C. may

D. must

b). need + do sth . 变否定句：needn’t do sth

变疑问句：Need sb do sth ?

2). 用作实义动词

a). need + to do sth . We need _______(buy) some school things .

变否定句：don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth .

变疑问句：Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ?

Yes , … do/ does / did No, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t.

You don’t need to do it yourself.

b). 当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done .

The table needs painting. =The table needs _____ _____ _____ .

5. had better 的用法

1). had better + 动词原形= It’s best to do sth.

You had better ______ (stay )at home. = _____ ______ ______ stay at home.

2). Had better not +动词原形

We had better ________(not play ) the computer games.

6. must 与have to

1). 一般情况下，两者可互换。must = have to

2). must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。（内在原因）

have to “必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）

I can’t stop playing the computer games. For your health, I’m afraid you ______. A. can B. may C. must D. had to

二．情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法：

1. 情态动词后跟完成式，表“原本应该干某事，而实际上没干”

I should have finished the work earlier.

He isn’t here. He must have missed the train.

2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等

意。

It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch.

They may be discussing this problem.

He can’t be telling the truth.

She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weak.

三．情态动词的同义转换：

1. can = be able to.

2. must = have to.

3. needn’t = don’t have to.

4. need do sth = need to do sth.

第十九讲座：情态动词---提高篇

一. will, would:

1) 用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。

e.g. I will never do that again.

They said that they would help us.

2) 表示“请求；建议”。用would比will委婉、客气些。

e.g. Will you please take a message for him?

Would you please pass him the book？

3) 表示习惯性动作，“总是”“惯于”，will指现在，would指过去。

e.g. Fish will die without water.

4) 表示预料或猜想。

e.g. It would be about ten when he left home.

5) 表示规律性的“注定”用will。

e.g. People will die without water or air.

can, could

1) 表示能力。

e.g. My grandma is well over eighty, but she can read without glasses.

2) 表示客观可能性。

e.g. Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.

3) 表示请求和允许。

e.g. — Can I have a look at your design?

— Yes, of course you can.

4) 表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用于否定句，疑问句和惊叹句）。

e.g. What can he be doing at this time of night?

5) 表示请求，口语中常用could代替can, 使语气更委婉。

e.g. Could you please help me with this furniture?

二．may, might：

1) 表示允许、许可。否定回答时，一般用mustn’t，“禁止、阻止”。

e.g. —May I watch TV after supper?

—Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't.

2) 表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉；用May I…？征询对方许可在语气上比较客气；用Can I…？征询对方意见更常见。

e.g. —Might I use your telephone?

—Yes, please.

—May / Can I go home now?

—Yes, you may / can.

3) 表示可能性的推测，“或许，可能”，用might代替may时，语气显得更加不肯定，用于陈述句中。

e.g. It may be true.

She may come tomorrow.

He might have some fever.

4) may用于祈使句中表示祝愿。

e.g. May you succeed！

三．must：

1) 表示“必须；应该”。以must开头的问句，否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to，肯定回答用must。

e.g. You must come to school on time.

2) 表示有把握的推测，只用于肯定句中。

e.g. You must be ill. I can see it from your face.

3) 表示“非要；偏要”。

e.g. They are sleeping. Must you play the piano at this time？

四．have to：

表示“必须；不得不”，强调客观需要，有时态，人称的变化。

e.g. I can’t see things clearly. I have to wear glasses.

五．shall：

1) 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见。

e.g. What shall we do next？

2) 用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。

e.g. Shall we begin our lesson?

Shall the driver wait？

3) 用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺和威胁。

e.g. You shall go with me.

He shall be punished.

六．should：

1) 表示劝告或建议，“应该”。

e.g. We should be strict with ourselves.

2) 表示推测，“可能”或“应该”。

e.g. They should have arrived by two o’clock.

3) 用于第一人称表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。

e.g. I should advise you not to do that.

You are mistaken, I should say.

4) 用在if条件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能。

e.g. Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.

5) Why / how + should，表示意外，惊异，“竟会”。

e.g. Why should you be so late today？

七．need：

表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑问句中，只有现在时，其他时态用have to的相应形式代替。

e.g. You needn’t ask him the question.

Need I finish the work before ten?

八．dare：

表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句(I

dare say除外)。

e.g. Dare you go alone there?

The boy daren’t say so before the teacher.

How dare he do such a thing？

九．ought to：

1) 表示“应该”。

e.g. You ought to take care of him.

2) 表示推测。

e.g. He ought to be home by now.

十．used to：

表示过去常常(现在已经不再)。

e.g. There used to be a temple here.

十一．had better：

表示“最好”。

e.g. You had better finish it now.

注意】

①could, should, might不一定与过去时间有关, 而是表示可能性弱于与其相应的现在时形式;

②should/ought to表示推测时, 表示确定或可能性大的合乎理想的情况或结果。

③need和dare用作实义动词时, 有词形变化, 变成否定句、疑问句时, 要加助动词。如：

You don’t need to do it yourself.

We should dare to give our own opinion.2. 表示推测的情态动词的层次比较情态动词的“推测”功能。如：can, could,

may, might, must皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：

1) 注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot, couldn’t; 语气较弱用may, might或can, could。

2) 注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may, might, must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用can, could。

3) 注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行体”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成体”结构。

3. 情态动词+ have done

must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测。

may / might have done 表示过去可能发生过某事。

3) could have done 表示过去可能发生，但并未发生，含有埋怨或训斥之意；也可表示对过去可能发生的事情的一种推测。

4) should / ought to have done 表示过去本该做（某事）而事实上未做；

should not / ought not to have done 表示过去本不该做（某事）但事实上却做了，含有批评、责备之意。

5)need have done 表示过去本来有必要去做（某事），但事实上没有做；

need not have done表示过去本没有必要做（某事），但事实上做了。

十二．考查情态动词的特殊用法：

1) cannot/can’t 与too/over/enough/perfectly/sufficiently等词连用，“越……越……”“无论怎样……，……也不为过” “决不会……，……够(过)”。

2) can/could与be able to辨析：

情态动词can只有两种时态形式, 现在式can和过去式could, be able to有多种时态形式。语境结果区别could可以表示过去的能力, was/were able to表示经过一番努力后取得了成功, 相当于manage to do或succeed in doing, 而could没有这个含义。

十三．专项练习：

一、从方框内选用合适的情态动词并用其正确形式填空（包括否定形式）。

1. —Is David coming by train?

—He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car.

2. No reader ________ remove a book from the library without the permission of the librarian.

3. The girl ________ be Mary— she's in New York.

4. That the well-dressed young man ________ speak to you like that is quite astonishing.

5.—________ I finish the job right now?

—Yes, you must.

6.—Must we hand in our exercise books today?

—No, you ________.

7. Haven’t you seen the sign “No parking” here? Cars ________ be parked here.

8. —Shall I inform her of the change of the meeting right now?

—I am afraid you ________, in case he comes late for the meeting.

9. ________ you be interested, I’ll tell you the whole story.

10. It was an easy test and he ________ have passed, but he didn’t.

二、根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子：

1. She __________________ (不需要亲自来) —a letter would have been enough.

2. I lost your address, otherwise I __________ ____________ (早就写信给你了).

3. They are always making trouble. I think it's high time they _________________ (被教训一顿了).

4. He insisted I _________________ (应该打个车) and offered to pay for it.

5. Your advice that she___________________ _____ (等到下周) is reasonable.

6. I should not have made fool of you if I _____________ (早想到你是认真的).

7.If you had spent more time practicing making it before, you ___________________

____________ (就能把它做得更好) now.

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