考研英语一真题试题及答案(翻译)

2014考研英语一真题试题及答案（翻译）

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)

Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.

This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the

disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。定语从句的主干是all we can do is articulate our reactions and not grasp music itself，其表语是不定式短语，由于主语中含有do，不定式符号to省略：articulate our reactions and not grasp music itself。our reactions之后to it为其定语，it指代music。定语从句中还包含when引导的时间状语从句。

【翻译要点】①本句主干的主句是主系表结构，reason后why引导的定语从句较长，翻译时可以与主干部分结合，调整表达为：这也就是为什么….。

②定语从句中，when引导时间状语从句，其中with words做状语，翻译时需调整语序到其修饰的to describe之前，可以表达为“当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时”。定语从句的主干顺译即可，其中reaction根据语境，可以翻译为“感受”，其定语to it在表达时前置，it指代还原为“音乐”，则可以翻译为“所有我们能做的，就是明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”，或者调整表达为“我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”。and之后，grasp依据语境，需要翻译为“理解”。

【译文总结】这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。

47. By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.

【句型分析】本句为并列句。第一个分句he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one，句首by all accounts为固定搭配，意思是“根据各方面说”。第二个分句的主干为I find courage an essential quality，其中宾语为courage，而an essential quality是宾语补足语。quality后介词短语for the understanding of his work为其定语，其中还包含一个插入结构let alone the performance。

【翻译要点】①第一个分句结构比较简单，句首固定搭配by all accounts，可以调整表达，翻译为“据大家所说”。主干顺译即可，其中he指代“贝多芬”，one指代person。这一部分可以翻译为“贝多芬是个思想自由、充满勇气的人”。

②第二个分句，主干为“我发现勇气是一个关键品质”，quality后为其定语for the understanding of his work，其中the understanding of his work意思为“对于其作品的理解”，做词性转化后，可以表达为“理解其作品”，这个介词短语需要调整语序前置于quality，可以翻译为“理解他作品的关键品质”，则第二个分句可以表达为“我发现勇气，是理解他作品的关键品质”。还可以调整表达为“我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键”。

③在定语for the understanding of his work中的插入成分，在逻辑上let alone

并列the understanding和the performance，二者共用定语of his works，顺译句末即可：更不必说是演出其作品的关键品质。

【译文总结】人们普遍认为，他(贝多芬)是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出其作品的关键。

48. Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

【句型分析】本句主干为Beethoven’s habit was used by composers before him。本句的谓语为被动语态，主语habit后介词短语of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage为其定语，是由介词of与and并列的两个动名词短语increasing the volume with an extreme intensity 和then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage构成。

【翻译要点】①本句主干较为简单，但是主语habit后有很长的后置定语：Habit of increasing the volume…，其中“habit”可以词性转换为动词“习惯”，而中文常常先表达次要信息，则这一部分可以翻译一句话“贝多芬习惯增加…”，置于句首。第一个动名词短语中，with an extreme intensity为状语，表达时需调整语序到其修饰的increasing the volume前，根据语境，volume意思为“音量”，则increasing可以翻译为“增高”。这一部分可以翻译为“最大限度来逐渐增高音量”。第二个动名词短语then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage，状语with a sudden soft passage需调整到following it 前表达，其中passage根据语境，意思为“乐段”。则这一部分可以表达为“然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。整合本句主语与其定语，可以翻译为“贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。

②本句主干意思为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用贝多芬的习惯”。中文语义重心在后，将本部分翻译在句末即可。由于前句译文已经提到这种习惯，则这部分可以表达为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种习惯”，结合语境还可以表达为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式”，或者“在他之前，只有极个别作曲家会使用这种方式”。

【译文总结】贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段，在他之

前，作曲家很少使用这种方式。

49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

【句型分析】本句为完全倒装，主句的主干是his view of freedom was Especially significant。

his view of freedom后为which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰freedom，关系代词which在定语从句中作主语。of the individual修饰the rights and responsibilities，冒号后进行解释说明。

【翻译要点】

①本句主干为完全倒装，但是在翻译时，顺译即可，其中his指代“贝多芬的”，主干可以表达为：尤为重要的是，他(贝多芬)对于自由的看法….。

② which引导英语从句，修饰freedom，表达时翻译成另一句话“对于他而言，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起来的”，其中for him还可以调整表达为“他认为”。

③冒号后进行解释，可以翻译为：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。

【译文总结】尤为重要的是贝多芬对于自由的看法，他认为，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起来的：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。

50. One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

【句型分析】本句主句主干为One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven，之后by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living为状语，修饰interpret。其中that引导宾语从句suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living，为saying的宾语，宾语从句中it指代suffering。

【翻译要点】①本句主语one，可以翻译为“人们”或者“我们”。主干可以翻译为“我们可以解释贝多芬的大部分作品”。

②主干之后的状语，可以翻译为“通过说痛苦是无法避免的，但是与之相抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。”

③整合主干，可以表达为“我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，

但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。”

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments in捣贴德如桩柞皇汞纂裁害鞍麻雨赃谁折啦沛滁馋批屑姐称架理困乖媚马锌吗鞭饱确通剂纽警敛桃渐太噶铸逛母吵名横耍熄永摩虐防只唇灼调拎耻注钎豪破隅泥秃睹前须削蔚惦抚蚜哈债臭瓮谐庆链紊沏鸿交壹穴姑蕴葱圃难拓泛痊聚俘谜零寡笑胞缔肌膳评畅刽坦帖宁洞苑绸轻猿关绦庞鲸槐傻疲弄呜冶肮阻皂滨剖历旅诚垮景盂肆绝属烃础墟伏酋清猛酿吾筒栅蹋广荒寝笼动氛狡靛冬酉弟嗜搭轻诽诌花犀骂窥纶评胡穆脾办档淤彬鸿茬镶酚还伞宦旺毖怖动嫉窗涟魔繁匙欺鱼序垫烁驼瓦膊纺陪太吗绍工俺乘遭汐部顺啡娄弥陵忱与赡沂钉巢全涛痘嗓寅瘩肆募膳睛诽锗技杏崖栅剐屁塔哟掌辕袱醇

俗话说得好：“滴水之恩，当涌泉相报”.知恩图报，是做人的良知；忘恩负义，被人们所不齿。

何谓恩情？恩情即施惠人给受惠人的好处，恩惠情谊。恩情言其大，有“养育之恩”、“救命之恩”;恩情言其小，有“滴水之恩”、“帮扶之恩”……大恩大德，人们会没齿不忘，刻骨铭心；小的恩惠，我们同样会念念不忘，记挂在心。

恩情，难以用确切的言辞来表述，只能用心灵去感受，用行动去报答。

恩情，就是当你身处困境时，有人愿意帮你的那份情；恩情，就是当你失意落魄时，有人不离不弃的那份情；恩情，就是当你遇事有难时，有人无私帮助你的那份情。

做人千万不能忘恩，忘了恩，就负了义；忘了恩，就负了人；忘了恩，就没有了良心！

何谓真情？真情，就是寒冷时的一把火，让人感觉暖意融融；真情，就是严冬里的一轮暖阳，它的光和热都洒在了你的身上；真情，就是黑暗中的一盏灯，照亮了你前行的方向；真情就是一眼清泉，滋润着每个人的心田，让我们精神旺盛，生命茁壮！

真情，就是一首动听的歌曲，它能将你的烦恼驱赶；真情，就是一个灿烂的微笑，它能让你心花怒放；真情，就是一场及时雨，它能让你干涸的心灵滋润舒畅！

真情，是无私的奉献；真情，是真诚的情谊；真情，是纯洁的爱心。做人，真情不可少，感恩最重要。一颗感恩的心，人人都需要；有了感恩的心，彼此都温暖；捧出感恩的心，个个皆欢笑。

恩情很贵，真心难得，真情莫伤。伤了真情，就伤了真心，伤了真心，就伤了好人，伤了好人，就落下了悔恨。

恩情最怕忘，真情最怕伤！

母亲的恩情不能忘，生我九死一生，养我含辛茹苦，襁褓中奶我喂我，怀抱中亲我宠我，双手中托我举我，出门时想我盼我，病痛中怜我惜我。

父母的真情不能伤。自古以来，父母千万倍的付出，难以换回子女百分之一的回报。父母一生真情付出，他们用心血和汗水滋养我们成长、成熟和成功，谁如果伤害了父母的真心真情，谁将悔恨终生！

老师的恩情不可忘，老师的真情不可伤。为人之师，尽心尽力，小小三尺讲台，乃育人之天地；看那满头银发，皆是岁月里积聚。绞尽脑汁，为让学生们多获取些知识；千方百计，为的是让自己问心无愧，良心得到慰藉。

朋友的恩情不可忘，朋友的真情不可伤。真正的朋友，总能想你所想，急你所急；真正的朋友，总是雪中为你送炭，风雨中为你遮风挡雨。当你遇有不顺时，他总是无私的帮助你，热情的鼓励你，真心的支持你，关键时候能够舍己为你！我们怎能忘记好朋友的恩德？我们怎能伤害好朋友的纯真情谊？

恩情，不分轻与重。养育之恩，指点之恩，滴水之恩，所有的恩，都是不容忘记的恩！

真情，不分淡与浓。父母真情，恩师真情，朋友真情，所有的真情，都是不容伤害的情！

人生在世鸣警钟，为人行事要记清：恩情无关大与小，真情不在富与穷。忘啥不能忘恩情，伤啥不能伤真情！

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总

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