从situation作先行词谈一类定语从句的引导词

从situation作先行词谈一类定语从句的引导词

首先请看2001年高考上海卷中的一道单选题：

He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _______ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where

B. which

C. while

D. why

正确答案是A；引导词在句子中作状语，where: “在此情况下”，还可以用in which来代替，句意为：

他使自己身临险境——他很可能失去对飞机的控制。

situation 在句中是“情境、情况”的意思。“在此情况下”译为：in this situation. 当situation 作先行词时后面的定语从句引导词有如下两种情况：

1.引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时, 引导词用that / which ; 作宾语时, 引导词可省略。eg. Worrying never helps in a situation ( that / which ) you can’t change.

对于你无法改变的状况，发愁于事无补。（引导词在句子中作宾语）

2.引导词在从句中作状语时，引导词可用where 或in which / at which 。

与situation用法类似的名词有：condition（s）（条件、状况）；spot（地点）；place (地方)；position （位置）；stage（阶段）；case（情形、例、病例、案例）；point（点、程度、）；business（企业、事业）；meeting（会议、集会）；earth（地球、世界）；society (社会)；world (世界) ；surroundings（环境）等。

再请看2003年高考上海卷中的一道单选题：

I can think of many cases _______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.

A. why

B. which

C. as

D. where

正确答案为D ，亦可用in which 。句意为：

我能想起很多这样的情况：学生们显然认识许多英语单词和短语，但却写不出一篇优美的短文。

和2004年高考湖南卷中的一道单选题：

I work in a business _______almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how

B. which

C. where

D. that

正确答案为C, 亦可用in which。句意为：

我在一家企业工作，在此几乎每个人都在等候时机。

再举几个例句供同学们参考：

1. They held a group meeting where ( at which ) everyone expressed himself freely.

他们召开了一个小组会议，会上大家畅所欲言。

2. We have not been able to produce enough vaccine to the point where (at which) we would feel confident.

我们生产的疫苗还不够，不能使我们感到自信。

3. They developed their friendship to a stage where (at which) they often shared sorrow and happiness.

他们的友谊已经发展到同甘共苦的地步。

3.The police are looking into a case where ( in which ) the suspect is a cat.

警察正调查一个案子，案中的嫌疑犯是一只猫。

4.He has to face the condition where pressure was heavy.

他不得不面对压力的状况。

5.I’ll show you the point where you fail.

我要指出你的失败之处。

6.There are some cases where this rule does not hold good.

有很多情况此规则不适用。

7.I've gotten to the point where I can actually doze off during the MRI, in spite of the noise.

8.Y ou may be good at mental work or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills.

9.and then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt where the other killers were still attacking the whale.

10. Greene said U.S. and British officials are starting to move toward a second phase where some of the air attacks of Gadhafi's air defense might be beginning to wrap up.

最后，请做5个高考题：

1.In an hour, we can travel to places ______would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006

上海)

A.where

B.when

C. which

D. what

2.----Do you have anything to say for yourselves? （2006 江西）

-----Y es, there is one point ____ we must insist on.

A. why

B.where

C.how

D. /

3.The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (2005 江苏)

A. which;where

B.at which; which

C.at which ; where

D.which ; in which

4.If a shop has chairs ____women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005上海)

A.that

B.which

C.when

D. where

5.There were dirty marks on her trousers _____ she had wiped her hands.（2004 全国Ⅱ）

A.where

B.which

C. when

D. that

答案及分析：

1. C which 在限制性定语从句中作主语，亦可用that 。

2.D 在限制性定语从句中作宾语的引导词用that / which ; 且可省略。

3. C 第一个空可用at which或where，引导词在限制性定语从句中作地点状语；第二个空

必须用where 引导表语从句，

4.D 引导词where在限制性定语从句中作地点状语。

5. A 引导词where在限制性定语从句中作地点状语。

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 2．关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 （1）which与as都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which引导定语从句要置于先行词后面，而as引导的定语从句位置相对灵活，可放在句首，也可以放在句后 eg.正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用 As he realized, I was very useful to him. 空气，众所周知，是一种气体 Air, as we know, is a gas. 他是个外国人，正像我从他口音判断的那样。 He was a foreigner, as I know form his accent. 他又来晚了，这一点使老板很生气 He came late again, which made his boss angry. (2)当定语从句位于主句后面，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，往往用which；当定语从句中有“如同……那样”的含义时，用as比用which更常见。 Eg.妈妈老把我当成小孩对待，让我无法忍受 Mummy always treats me just like a baby, which I can’t bear. 事与愿违，这是常有的事 Things will turn out contrary to on e’s wishes, as is often the case. (3)“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句，必须用which,不能用as. Eg.我们周围有很多氧气，没有他们我们无法生存 There is a great deal of oxygen around us, without which we could not live. 3．引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别 定语从句前面有such, as, the same 时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which. Eg 所需要的字典有许多都有了

where定语从句特殊用法

Where引导定语从句，先行词不一定都表示地点 1. We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly. A.which B.as C.why D.where 2.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car. A.which B.as C.why D.where 两道题都选where ，但是case, situation 都不是地点，如何理解？ 在“先行词不是表示地点的名词”的前提下，如何判断是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题是一个高频考点。就是说，关系副词where所指代的先行词不只是表示地点的名词。 用Where引导定语从句，先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解，当where引导定语从句时，它的先行词就是表示地点的名词，但事实并不是我

们想象的那么简单。很多情况下，where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请看以下几个例句： 1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other. 请记住，最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。 点评：这里where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one，也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地点名词，但此处却用了where来引导，where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。从定语从句的结构来看，定语从句不缺主语和宾语，引导词where在从句中充当的是状语。 2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生：利益重大， 而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词

where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词。 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job

as引导定语从句的用法

as引导定语从句的用法 as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. ================================ As 的用法例 1. the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语； 例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 一、“as / which”特殊定语从句的先行成分 1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如： My grandmother’s house was a lways of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 2. 动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。 3. 句子作先行成分。 这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。 二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。

定语从句特殊情况

定语从句中只用that不用as的情况 【观察】 1. Is there anything（that） I can do for you in town? 2. All the books that have selected are useful ones. 3. The first thing（that） we should do is to work out the plan. 4. This is one of the most exciting table tennis games that I have ever seen. 5. The last place that we visited in the countryside was a farm. 6. They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 7. Who that has seen the film doesn’t like it? 8. I’ll never forget the Sunday（that） my baby was born. 9. This is the way that my father did this work. 【归纳】限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况： 1. 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除外）, all, none, few, little, some 等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如：Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best museum that I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如： She is the only person that understands me. After the big fire, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in? 6. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如： Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 7. 当先行词是reason, way（方法）等词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如： She admired the way （that） they solved the questions. 【歌诀】从句前有“不定式”， 先行词前有only, when， some, any, the very在， 或有“高”、“序”去替代， 只用that来安排。 【小试】用适当的关系词完成下列句子。 1. The only book I want to read is missing.

where引导定语从句的用法

Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表 示地点 1、We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly、A、which B、as C、why D、where 2、He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car、 A、which B、as C、why D、where 两道题都选where ,但就是case, situation都不就是地点,如何理解？ 在“先行词不就是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断就是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题就是一个高频考点。就就是说,关系副词where 所指代的先行词不只就是表示地点的名词。

用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where 引导定语从句时,它的先行词就就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不就是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请瞧以下几个例句: Other research, where siblings have been asked to say who their mother and father favor, suggests that mothers do tend to show a preference for their first-born son, but fathers often show great affection for their youngest daughters、 1、Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other、请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。

where引导的定语从句的先行词

where在定语从句中引导的先行词 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an a dverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position

限制性非限制性定语从句详解+练习(附答案)

定语从句 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起 定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一．词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例 如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不 能省略。例如：

定语从句最全面的知识点整理

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、先行词指人,在句中作主语who: John,who is only five,has an inborn talent for music. (约翰是一外5岁大的孩子,有着天生的音乐才能。) 2、先行词指人,在句中作宾语whom: His wife,whom you met at my home,was a teacher. (他的妻子，就是你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。) 3、先行词指物,在句中作主语或宾语which: Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。) 注意：无论先行词指人或者指物,在句中作主语或者作宾语，非限制性定语从句的引导词都不能用that。 4、先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物,引导词都用whose: The girl,whose name is Kate,is the top of the students in our school.(那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字叫Kate。) The book,whose cover is red,is mine.(封面是红色的那本书是我的。) 5、先行词指物，在句中作时间状语用when： The sports meeting will be put off till next month,when we will have made all the preparations.(运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。) 6、The next day we arrived in New York,where we were inerviewed on the radio.（第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访。） 7、如果先行词作介词的宾语，先行词指人，介词提前的结构是：介词＋whom；先行词指物，介词提前的结构是：介词＋which: President Wilson,with whom he had not the same intimate relations,is treated much less sympathetically.(威尔逊总统与他没有同样的亲密关系，所以就没有被很同情地对待。) The Second World War,in which millions of people were killed,ended in 1945.(第二次世界大战造成数百万人的死亡，于1945年结束。) 8、as也可以引导定语从句，常与such连用： Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.(象你所描绘的那种人现在已经很少见了。) Let's disscuss only such questions as concern us.(让我们只讨论那些和我们有关的问题吧。) 注意：the same that+从句，意思是：正是那一个人或物；the same as+从句，意思是：就像某个人或物： He is the same man that you are looking for.(他就是你要找的那个人。) He is the same man as you met in the street.(他很象你昨天在街上遇见的那个人。实际上并不是那个人。) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(这就是我昨天丢失的那支笔。) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(这很像昨天我丢失的那支笔。)

训练13定语从句特殊先行词

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which引导的定语从句的用法

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介词引导的定语从句 -答案

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。一．介词选择的主要标准 1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配 Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。( to a degree ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。( in the play ) The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。( be trained for the job ) 2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配 Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？( shake hands with sb. ) Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。(suffer from sth. ) 3.介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配 Ours is a beautiful country , of which we are greatly proud . 我们的国家是一个美丽的国家，我们为之感到很自豪。( be proud of ) The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress. 同斯皮尔伯格结婚的女人是一位演员。( be married to ) The woman to whom he was engaged was a doctor. 他与之订婚的那个女士是位医生。(be engaged to ) 4.有时关系代词前用什么介词，要根据句子的意思来决定，此时不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配 I was a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was , she had ran back in the direction from which she had come.看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来，我还没来得及认清她是谁，她已经从她来的方向跑回去了。（如果仅注意先行词，很容易受习惯心里的影响而使用in this direction 的搭配，但考虑到语境后的come ，则应该使用from。） He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University. 他在当地一所高中上学，之后他上了北京大学。（after which 的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后”）。 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm. by which time many have got home.在 办公室我好像总是没时间，只有等到下午五点半，而那个时候大家都已经回家了。（此句不能受at 5:30 pm 的通常表达的影响而选用介词at, 而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。）5.表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介词of The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days.这次环球旅行老水手用了9个月，其中航行的时间是226天。 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 这个工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中的（指50万双鞋）80%销往海外。 I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of whom