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Unit 5 Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing

Section ⅣGrammar & Writing

同位语从句

1．(教材P34)The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.

2．(教材P34)Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5，500 kilometres from coast to coast.

3．(教材P34)The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.

在主从复合句中，跟在名词后进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容，作同位语的句子叫同位语从句。同位语从句与被修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。

一、常见的后跟同位语从句的名词

同位语从句用于某些名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容，如：fact, hope, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility, truth, decision, evidence, opinion, feeling, belief, message, doubt，warning, question, request等，同位语从句对前面的名词起解释说明的作用。

二、引导同位语从句的连接词

1．连接词that和whether

(1)that

We are very excited at the news that our Chinese athletes won many gold medals.

听到我们中国运动员赢得了许多金牌的消息我们非常激动。

The fact that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing worries us all.

大气中二氧化碳含量上升的事实让我们所有的人都很担心。

(2)whether

The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled.我们是否再建一所学校的问题还未解决。

The question whether we need more time to do the work is not clear.

我们是否需要更多时间做这项工作的问题还不清楚。

在同位语从句中that, whether不作成分，that只起连接作用，无任何实际意义，不可省

略。whether表示“是否”，if 不能替换whether。

2．连接代词和连接副词

连接代词(what，who，which等)和连接副词(when, why, where等)都具有实际意义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分，一般不省略。

Next comes the question what you will do with the bike.

其次就是这个问题：你怎么处理那辆自行车。

I have no idea who will take the place of Tom.

我不知道谁来替代汤姆。

I have no idea when they’ll be back and settle down.

我不知道他们什么时候回来定居。

3．注意事项

(1)同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，这种从句叫分隔式同位语从句。这种分隔主要出于修辞原因，即为了保持句子结构平衡。

The story goes that the lost child has gone abroad.

据说那个丢失的孩子出国了。

His promise was along with the letter that he would visit me this coming Christmas.

信中他承诺在即将到来的圣诞节他将拜访我。

(2)表示“建议、命令、要求等”的名词(如suggestion，advice，proposal建议；demand，request，requirement要求；decision决定；order命令；recommendation劝告等)后接同位语从句时，从句使用虚拟语气，谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”结构。

I made the suggestion that the meeting (should)be brought to an end.

我提议结束会议。

(3)当doubt作名词用时，前面若有no修饰，其后面同位语从句连接词用that，反之则用whether。

There was doubt whether he would be well enough to play.

他是否够资格参赛仍不确定。

I have no doubt that he’ll cheer up at the news.

听到这个消息，他会振奋起来，我对此确信无疑。

三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别

同位语从句对前面的名词起补充解释作用，二者之间是同位关系；而定语从句是用来说

明先行词的性质或特征，起修饰或限制作用，二者之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。试比较：The fact that there is no life on the moon is known to us all.

月球上没有生命这个事实大家都知道。(同位语从句)

The news that you heard is not true.

你所听到的消息不真实。(定语从句)

Ⅰ单句语法填空

1．He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.

2．I have no idea when the project will be finished.

3．The problem which city we are going to, Qingdao or Dalian, is not decided.

4．The manager didn’t answer the question who would take his place.

5．The fact has worried many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

6．Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.

7．I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from.

8．A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my moth er’s birthday.

9．Do you have any idea what the solar system is made up of?

10．—Do you still believe in your roommate?

—Yes. I always hold the belief that he is an honest fellow.

Ⅱ完成句子

1．我们不知道这次讨论是不是很快就会结束。

We have no idea whether_the_discussion_will_soon_be_over．

2．据说他成功地通过了驾照考试。

The story goes that_he_succeeded in passing the driving test.

3．我们何时可以开始工作的问题尚未决定。

The question when_we_can_start the work hasn’t been decided.

4．我认为你成功的机会很大。

I think that there is every chance that_you_will_succeed．

5．问题是我们应该怎么处理这么多电子垃圾。

Here comes the question what_we_should do with so much e-waste.

6．他们都认为他们应该再试一次。

They had the same thought that_they_should_try_again.

如何写游记

文体感知

游记是一种以记述参观访问、旅途见闻为主要内容的记叙文。注意事项：

1．在描写过程中，用简洁的语言说明景点的地理位置、人文历史以及旅游路线等。

2．写作方法比较灵活，在描写景点过程中可以抒发感情，夹叙夹议。

3．注意写作的顺序，要分清层次、详略得当、切忌面面俱到。

常用句式

1．...is located in/at/between...

2．...stretches itself lazily...

3．A walk around...is a feast for eyes.

4．The good weather and breathtaking scenery make...a world-class resort.

5．It is a breathtaking and glorious...

6．What an attractive place!

7．It is a unique and impressive...

8．From the view of...we can catch sight of...

9．...will be open to the public by...

10．...is under construction and will be completed before...

写作要求

今年暑假，我第一次去厦门旅行，这次旅行给我留下了深刻的印象。

1．厦门位于福建省东南部。鼓浪屿是厦门最出名的景点之一，每天有成千上万的游客乘船去鼓浪屿。

2．有一个叫曾厝垵的村庄，在那里，我们可以尝到各种美味的小吃。

3．厦门大学是你必须要去的地方。参观完厦大后，你会发现上大学是一件极好的事情。4．厦门被大海围绕。你可以去捡贝壳，去追海浪，去海里游泳。

简而言之，厦门是一个多么迷人的城市啊！

参考词汇：

曾厝垵Zengcuoan

鼓浪屿Gulangyu island

注意：词数100左右。

审题谋篇

词汇推敲

1．围绕surround

2．追逐chase

3．第一次for_the_first_time

4．留下深刻的印象leave_a_deep_impression_on 5．坐落在lie_in

6．被……包围be_surrounded_by

7．迷人的fascinating

句式锻造

1．根据汉语提示完成句子

①这次旅行给我留下了深刻的印象。

This journey left_a_deep_impression_on me.

②厦门位于福建省东南部。

Xiamen lies in the southeast of Fujian province.

③厦门被大海围绕。

Xiamen is surrounded_by the sea.

2．句式升级

④用非限制性定语从句连接下面的句子

There is a village called Zengcuoan. We can taste different kinds of delicious snacks there.

→There is a village called Zengcuoan，where_we_can_taste_different_kinds_of_delicious_snacks．

⑤用限制性定语从句连接下面的句子

Xiamen University is the place. You must visit it.

→Xiamen University is the place which_you_must_visit．

⑥用形式主语it转换句子

You can find that going to university is a wonderful thing.

→You can find that it_is_a_wonderful_thing_to_go_to_university．

妙笔成篇

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version：

This summer, I went to visit Xiamen for the first time. This journey left a deep impression on me.

Xiamen lies in the southeast of Fujian province, and Gulangyu island is one of the most famous places in Xiamen. Tens of thousands of tourists go to Gulangyu island by ship every day.

There is a village called Zengcuoan, where we can taste different kinds of delicious snacks.

Xiamen University is the place which you must visit. After visiting it, you can find that it is a

wonderful thing to go to university.

Xiamen is surrounded by the sea. You can go to pick up shells, chase the waves and swim in the sea.

In short, how fascinating a city Xiamen is!

Ⅰ用正确的连接词填空

1．The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it is of low quality.

2．I have just heard the warning on TV that another typhoon is on the way.

3．We haven’t yet settled the question whether we are going to spend our summer vacation. Perhaps in New York.

4．Little Tom made a request that his bedroom door should be left open.

5．He got the news from Mary that the meeting had been called off.

6．My question whether I can get in touch with him has not been answered.

7．Is there any possibility, in your opinion, that he will win the match?

8．I have no idea why_Tom got so much money overnight.

9．I had no idea when our manager would come back from China, so I phoned to check the time.

10．The thought excited the two sisters that they would travel abroad.

Ⅱ阅读理解

An animal that is of great importance to the southeastern coast of

Oman is the abalone(鲍鱼), a shellfish that has become the center of the

nation’s multi-million-dollar industry. Once, abalone shellfish were

brought to the surface in the hope that their bodies had beautiful pearls.

Today, the shellfish are caught for a different reason—restaurant menus! The fresh white shellfish has a pleasant taste and is the most highly valued product from Omani waters.

Abalones live in shallow(浅的) sea waters. Young abalones live in small groups, holding on to the undersides of rocks, while the adults live in larger groups together in rocky cracks. They can

only survive successfully in areas where cold, rich water rises from the sea bed. There, in the shallow, brightly lit conditions, the abalone shellfish live.

The environmental requirements for cool water conditions are seldom met and, as a result, abalone fisheries worldwide are very restricted. Until recently, there was a three-year official order against abalone fishing in Oman and now fishing is only allowed from October 20 to November 15 each year.

The coast of Dhofar in Oman is one of the friendly environments that support abalone populations. The southern coast of Oman experiences monsoon winds(季风) across the surface of the sea from April to September. As these winds blow across the surface, the rich cold water from the depths of the Arabian Sea can easily rise and move towards the coast.

After the monsoon period, fishermen jump into the sea, reaching a depth of 10 meters. Groups of up to ten men search for abalone living on rocks and remove the shells using a knife, before coming up for air. A good fisherman searches for large adults and will get up to 600 abalones a day.

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿曼的鲍鱼产业。

1．Why do Omani fishermen catch abalone nowadays?

A．They are good pets.

B．They are very delicious.

C．There are pearls in their bodies.

D．Their shells are beautiful and useful.

B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Today, the shellfish are caught for a different reason—restaurant menus! The fresh white shellfish has a pleasant taste and...可知，如今阿曼的渔民采集鲍鱼是因为它味道鲜美。

2．What do we know about abalones?

A．They prefer the darkness.

B．They live under the sea bed.

C．They face bad rocky conditions.

D．They need special environments.

D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的They can only survive successfully in areas where cold, rich water rises from the sea bed.可知，鲍鱼的生长需要特殊的环境。

3．What does the underlined word “restricted”in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Strange.B．Controlled.

C．Unpopular. D．Underdeveloped.

B解析：词义猜测题。根据划线词下一句中的there was a three-year official order against abalone fishing in Oman and now fishing is only allowed from October 20 to November 15 each year可知，鲍鱼的捕捉受到严格的控制。

4．What influence do monsoon winds have on abalone?

A．They are helpful for abalone’s survival.

B．They carry abalone to the surface.

C．They bring abalone to the coast.

D．They help abalone to move.

A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的one of the friendly environments that support abalone populations及As these winds blow across the surface, the rich cold water from the depths of the Arabian Sea can easily rise and move towards the coast.可知，季风对鲍鱼的生存有益。

Far away, in a forest outside Oslo, Norway, 1，000 newly planted

trees are growing. Ninety-nine years from now, the full-size trees will be

cut down and used to make paper. The paper will be used to make copies

of an unusual book. The book will have 100 authors to finish it over the

course of 100 years.

The forest and the book are part of the Future Library. Scottish artist Katie Paterson began the project last year. “We’re asking one writer a year to give a story，”Paterson said. Subject, style, kind, and length are up to the author. However, Paterson has two important rules. The first is that each author has one year to write the story. The second is that they mustn’t publish it in any form.

What’s the point of asking authors to write stories that readers alive today will never get to enjoy? For Paterson, the Future Library is about letting people think about the future. She said, “It’s about developing an artwork that’s not just for now but for a future generation.”

Paterson got the idea for the project while drawing tree rings in a notebook.“I made a quick

connection(联系) between the rings, and paper, chapters, and a book，”she said. Paterson wondered if she could grow “a kind of future forest that would become a small library of books”．The idea seemed so difficult that she set it aside. But a few years later, Paterson had the opportunity to take part in a program called Slow Space. Organizers were looking for amazing projects designed to unfold(展开) over time. Paterson’s was one of the three chosen.

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。在挪威的奥斯陆，一千棵树被种下，一百年后它们将被用来印一本特殊的书。

5．The trees were planted to ________．

A．build a future library

B．make books in the future

C．help protect the environment

D．encourage people to write stories

B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的．..will be cut down and used to make paper. The paper will be used to make copies of an unusual book.可知，这1 000棵树在一百年后将用来造纸，这些纸将用来印一本特别的书，故答案选B项。

6．What can we know about that unusual book?

A．It will have 100 stories.

B．It will not be published.

C．No one is allowed to copy it.

D．Its stories are only about the future.

A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的The book will have 100 authors to finish it over the course of 100 years.可知，那本书有100个作者，再根据文章第二段中的We’re asking one writer a year to give a story 可知一个作者用一年时间写一个故事，由此可推知那本书一共有100个故事，故答案选A项。

7．What is Para. 4 mainly about?

A．Why Paterson started the project.

B．The importance of Paterson’s project.

C．What the Future Library will be used for.

D．How Paterson got the idea for the project.

D解析：段落大意题。文章第四段讲到Paterson是在画树的年轮时有了那个灵感的，

由此可知本段主要是讲Paterson是如何有了这个灵感的，故答案选D项。

8．Organizers of Slow Space probably think Paterson’s project is ________．

A．difficult B．useless

C．wonderful D．strange

C解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，Slow Space的组织者一共挑选了三个项目，Paterson的项目是其中的一个，由此可推测出Slow Space的组织者认为Paterson 的项目很棒，故答案选C项。

Ⅲ语法填空

Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?

The answer 1.depends(depend) largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences.To Egyptians, green was a color 2.that/which represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven.Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures.During the Spring Festival in China, children 3.are_given(give) money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year.For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs.Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect 4.themselves(they) against evils(灾祸)．People’s 5.choice(choose) of colors is also influenced by their bodies’ reactions toward them.Green is said to be the most restful color.It has the ability 6.to_reduce(reduce) pain and relax people both mentally 7.and physically.People 8.working(work) in a green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.

Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase his appetite(食欲)．Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant.And many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now”button because red is a color that 9.easily(easy) catches a person’s eyes.

Blue is another calming color.Unlike red, blue is believed to cause people to lose appetite.So 10.if/when you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.

Ⅳ书面表达

你校英语刊物开办了一个新的名叫“Travelling around the world”的专栏。请你根据以下要点给该专栏写一篇介绍加拿大第二大城市蒙特利尔的短文：

1．蒙特利尔位于加拿大东南部，官方语言是法语，也是超过一半的人口所使用的语言；

2．蒙特利尔人冬天喜欢滑雪、滑冰，而夏天乐于野餐和慢跑；

3．蒙特利尔是国际艺术的先驱，它有许多剧院、博物馆、历史名胜，还有美丽的公园，如蒙特利尔植物园(Montreal Botanical Garden)，奥林匹克体育馆(The Olympic Stadium)等；

4．每年有大量游客参观蒙特利尔。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Located in the southeast of Canada, Montreal is the second largest city of the country. French is the city’s official language and the language spoken by more than half of the population. People there enjoy skiing and skating in winter and picnicking and jogging in summer.

Montreal is an international leader in art. There are many theaters, museums, a lot of places of historic interest, and beautiful parks in the city, such as the Montreal Botanical Garden and The Olympic Stadium. As a beautiful tourist attraction, it attracts a large number of visitors from different parts of the world every year.

高中政治必修四教案全册

《生活与哲学》教案所教班级执教者

目录第一单元生活智慧与时代精神第一课美好生活的向导………………………………………彭琳第二课百舸争流的思想………………………………………彭琳第三课时代精神的精华………………………………………段霞第二单元探索世界与追求真理第四课探索世界的本质………………………………………段霞第五课把握思维的奥妙………………………………………陈婷婷第六课求索真理的历程………………………………………陈婷婷第三单元思想方法与创新意识第七课唯物辩证法的联系观…………………………………忽丽霞第八课唯物辩证法的发展观…………………………………忽丽霞第九课唯物辩证法的实质与核心……………………………张琳第十课创新意识与社会进步…………………………………张琳第四单元认识社会与价值选择第十一课寻觅社会的真谛……………………………………李永朝第十二课实现人生的价值……………………………………李永朝

第一单元生活智慧与时代精神第一课美好生活的向导第一框生活处处有哲学一、【教学目标】 1、哲学的本义和任务； 2、哲学与生活的关系；二、【教学重难点】重点：哲学产生于人类的实践活动，产生于人们对世界的追问和思考；难点：哲学是指导人们生活得更好的艺术；三、【知识梳理】 1.哲学怎么产生的？ 2.哲学的本义？ 3.哲学的任务？（功能.作用) 四、【提出疑惑】同学们，通过你的自主学习，你还有哪些疑惑？五、【课堂检测】 1．下列关于哲学智慧的产生说法中，不正确的是( ) A．哲学产生于人类的实践活动 B．哲学产生于人们对实践的追问和对世界的思考 C．哲学产生于哲学家的实践活动和主观情绪中 D．哲学产生于人们认识世界和改造世界的活动中 2．人们面对人口、资源、环境之间日益加剧的矛盾而进行的思考，不可回避地触及具有哲学性质的问题。这说明( ) A．哲学的智慧是人努力想象出来的 B．在生活实践中产生的思想都是哲学思想 C．哲学是人们在认识世界和改造世界的实践中产生的 D．实践的发展是为了适应哲学的需要 3．古希腊哲学家亚里士多德曾经说过：“古往今来人们开始哲理探索，都应起于对自然万物的惊异。一个有所迷惑与惊异的人，每每惭愧自己的愚昧无知；他们探索哲理的目的就是为了脱出愚蠢。”这句话意在说明( )

PEP英语三年级unit4weloveanimals第五课时

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新版五年级下册英语第四单元教案Unit4

新版五年级下册英语第四单元教案Unit 4 第 1 课时学情分析；本课主要是学习序数词重难点分析； 1.first[1st], second[2nd], third[3rd], fourth[4th], fifth[5th].的学习。 2.When is the sports meet? It’s on April 4th..的学习教学目标； 1. 听、说、读、写序数词；first[1st], second[2nd], third[3rd], fourth[4th], fifth[5th]. 2. 初步了解各序数词的用法及在句子中的读法、写法. 3. 让学生能说出一些关于序数词的规律。导学策略；情境导入教学准备；单词卡片教学过程； Step 1.预习温故 1）Greetings: sing a song together. 2）Revision；Go over the old words: Monday- Wednesday January, February, March, April, May，June， T；What day is it today? Ss: Today is Monday/ Wednesday. T: When is your birthday? Ss: It’s in July....... Step 2. 新课内容展示 1）板书；the title “Unit 4When is Easter?”并教读. 2] T: Do you know when is Easter? Ss: It’s usually in April……. T: DO you know when is April Fool’s Day? Ss: 4.1 T: Do you know how to say 4.1 in English? Learn the new words；first[1st], second[2nd], third[3rd], fourth[4th], fifth[5th] T；first .first Spell it please. S；Read after teacher and spell the word. [类似方法教读单词] 3] T: Make a sentence: first .first April Fool’s Day is on April 1st.. S；Read after teacher 4）师生互译序数词、基数词及短语singing contest, maths test school trip , English test。5] 1.sing a song 2.review the words: Monday__Sunday January__June 1. daily dialogue

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人教版高中思想政治必修四第十课第二框创新是引领发展的第一动力一、教学目标 1.知识目标：通过预习、巩固，识记创新是引领发展的第一动力；通过课前搜集素材和课上实例分析理解创新与社会进步的关系；列举实例、运用相关原理，说明创新推动了社会进步，创新推动了生产关系和社会制度的变革，创新推动了人类思维和文化的发展。 2.能力目标：通过合作探究，培养学生分析问题、感知问题的能力及关注创新、大胆创新的能力。 3.情感、态度、价值观：树立创新意识。二、学情分析高二学生，对事物有自己的看法，对政治生活关心，但也不轻易认同别人的观点。因此，要结合具体实例，让学生亲身参与、感受达到深刻理解知识进而树立正确的观念。三、重点难点教学重点：创新是引领发展的第一动力教学难点：树立创新意识。四、教学方法：案例分析法、合作探究法、讲授法等五、课时安排：1课时六、教学过程：导入新课：古代的中国有造纸术、指南针、火药、印刷术“四大发明”，现代的中国有高铁、移动支付、共享单车、网购“新四大发明”，中国古代的“四大发明”影响了世界，中国现代的“新四大发明”改变了中国。

新四大发明的全世界走红，说明我们国家在鼓励、引导、促进创新这条路已走上正轨。无论是我国古代的“四大发明”，还是中国现代的“新四大发明”，都是广大中国人民的智慧结晶。高铁、移动支付、共享单车、网购，都是值得我们中国人民为之自豪的发明创造，它们改变了中国，影响着世界。中国人民有着无穷的创造力，可以预见中国以后也会继续创造更多让世界惊叹的“中国发明”。新课教学：（一）创新推动社会生产力的发展说一说：你熟悉的手机品牌有哪些？篇一：科技华为与创新中国探究一：以“通信业巨人”华为为例，思考科技创新是如何推动生产力发展的？（二）创新推动生产关系和社会制度的变革篇二：管理华为与中国道路思考：从经济生活的角度分析华为的分配模式？探究二：如果你是公司员工，你更愿意现在拿高薪还是拿股权？说说你的理由。（1）理论创新是社会发展和变革的先导（2）通过理论创新推动制度、科技、文化创新等列举：我国在理论创新、制度创新方面有哪些创新的事例？（三）创新推动人类思维和文化的发展篇三：文化华为和思维变革探究三：华为的文化创新说明了什么？ 1.创新推动着人类思维的变革 2.创新推动了人类文化的发展

(完整版)初中英语七年级下Unit5SectionB2b参考译文

初中英语七年级下Unit 5 Section B 2b 参考译文 Hi David, 嗨，大卫： What a great idea! I really like Ms. Steen a lot. She helped me to improve my English so much. I'm sad to see her go, and this party is the best way to say “Thank you and goodbye.” I can help to buy some of the food and drinks. I can also help to bring Ms. Steen to the party. I already have a great idea about how to do that. 真是个好主意！我确实非常喜欢斯蒂恩女士。她帮我大大提高了我的英语水平。看到她离开我很难过，而且这个聚会是跟她说“谢谢和再见”的最好方式。我可以帮忙买些食物和饮料。我还可以帮忙把斯蒂恩女士带到聚会上来。关于怎样做我已经有了好主意。 He Wei 何伟 Hi David, 嗨，大卫： Thanks so much for planning this. I'd love to come to the party, but I'm not available. My family is taking a trip to Wuhan at the end of this month to visit my aunt and uncle. However, I'd still be glad to help out with any of the party preparations, like planning the games. Let me know if you need my help. 非常感谢你策划了这次聚会。我很乐意参加聚会，但是我没有空。这个月末我家人要到武汉旅行去看望我的叔叔和婶婶。然而，我还是很高兴为聚会的准备工作帮忙，像策划游戏。如果你需要我的帮助，就告诉我。 Jake 杰克 Dear classmates, 亲爱的同学们： As I'm sure you know by now, our favorite teacher, Ms. Steen, is leaving soon to go back to the US. We're very sad that she's leaving because she is a fun teacher. To show how much we're going to miss her, let's have a surprise party for her next Friday the 28th! 我确信到现在为止你们已经知道，我们最喜爱的老师，斯蒂恩女士，很快就要离开回美国了。她离开，我们都很难过，因为她是一名有趣的老师。为了表明我们会多么想念她，让我们28号，下星期五为她举办一个惊喜聚会吧！ Can you come to the party? If so, can you help with any of these things? 你能来参加聚会吗？如果能，你能帮忙做这些事情吗？ Please tell me by this Friday. 请本周五前告诉我。 (1) Buy food and drinks. (1) 购买食物和饮料。

高中思想政治必修四生活与哲学原理方法论关键词总结

高中思想政治哲学原理方法论+关键词总结马克思主义哲学辩证唯物主义（唯物论，辩证法，认识论）辩证唯物论（唯物论） 1、【世界物质性原理】（物质决定意识）【原理】：辩证唯物论认为，世界的本原是物质的，物质决定意识，意识是物质的反映。【方法论】：坚持一切从实际出发，，实事求是，使主观符合客观【反对】：主观主义（主要包括教条主义或者本本主义、经验主义）。 2、【意识能动作用原理】（意识对物质的反作用）【原理】：①人能够能动的认识世界，意识活动具有目的性、自觉选择性和主动创造性 ②意识能够能动地反映世界，意识对改造客观世界具有指导作用 ③意识能动地反作用世界，正确的意识能促进事物的发展，错误的意识能够阻碍事物的发展 ④意识对于人体生理活动具有调节和控制作用。高昂的精神使人向上，催人奋进。【方法论】：要求我们必须重视意识的作用，自觉树立正确的思想意识，克服错误的思想意识。【反对】：①否认意识能动作用的形而上学观点；②片面夸大意识能动作用的唯心主义观点。 3、【物质和意识辩证关系原理】【原理】：辩证唯物论认为，物质决定意识，意识对物质具有能动的反作用。【方法论】：要求我们既要坚持一切从实际出发，实事求是；又要重视意识的作用，自觉地树立正确意识，克服错误意识。【反对】：①夸大意识能动作用的唯意志主义；②片面强调客观条件，安于现状、因循守旧、无所作为的思想。 4、【物质与运动辩证关系原理】【原理】：物质和运动不可分割。运动是物质的根本属性和存在方式，世界上不存在脱离运动的物质；运动是物质的运动，物质是运动的承担者。【方法论】：要求用运动、变化、发展的眼光看问题。反对离开物质谈运动的唯心主义观点；反对离开运动谈物质的机械唯物主义观点。 5、【运动和静止辩证关系原理】【原理】：辩证唯物主义在肯定物质是运动的同时，也承认静止的存在。世界上的一切事物都处于运动变化中，没有不运动的物质，因而运动是无条件的、绝对的；静止是有条件的、相对的和暂时的，是运动的一种特殊状态；动中有静、静中有动。整个物质世界是绝对运动和相对静止的统一。【方法论】：既要看到事物的运动、变化和发展，又要看到事物的相对静止，坚持绝对运动和相对静止的统一。反对只承认静止而否认运动的形而上学不变论，反对只承认绝对运动而否认相对静止的不可知论、相对主义和诡辩论。 6、【规律的客观性和普遍性原理】【原理】：辩证唯物论认为，任何事物的运动变化发展都是有规律的；规律是客观的，是不以人的意志为转移的，它既不能被创造、被改造，也不能被消灭。【方法论】：必须遵循规律，按客观规律办事（即坚持实事求是），而不能违背规律。一旦违背客观规律，人们就会受到规律的惩罚。 7、【客观规律性和主观能动性辩证关系原理】【原理】：辩证唯物论认为，规律是客观的，是不以人的意志为转移的，但人可以在尊重客观规律基础上，根据规律发生作用的条件和形式，认识和利用规律，为人类造福（改造客观世界）。【方法论】：既要尊重客观规律，又要充分发挥主观能动性，做到尊重客观规律和发挥主观能动性有机地结合起来。【反对】：①片面夸大主观能动性、否认规律客观性、盲目蛮干的唯心主义错误；②片面夸大规律的客观性，忽视人的主观能动性、无所作为的机械唯物主义错误。 8、【自然界客观性原理】

定语从句Grammar The Attributive Clause

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七年级Unit5SectionD

Unit5 Section D 教学目标： 1.音标/ｔ/ /ｄ/ /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /ｌ/ /ｍ/ /n/ 2.谈论日常活动。 3.复习一般现在时。 4.复习频度副词。本课重点: 1，2和5 难点：一般现在时，频度副词。教具录音机教学过程：第一步：复习 1.复习并学习新单词:measure，pleasure，volleyball和while。 2.根据图画猜测单词，看谁读得快而准。 3.听录音1，然后再跟读，学会音标/ｔ/ /ｄ/ /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /ｌ/ /ｍ/ /n/ 第二步：呈现 1.请学生两人一组依次谈论他们的日常活动。 A: How do you usually go to school? B: I usually walk to school. A: What do you do in your spare time? B: I often play basketball. 2.表演Section C 1a这个采访活动。一个表演interviewer，一个表演Michael, 看哪组同学表演最好。 3.谈论自己的日常活动。如： I usually get up at 6∶30. / I have breakfast with my parents at 7∶30. I never come to school late. / Sometimes I walk to school. 第三步：巩固 1.听录音1然后再跟读，学会音标/ｔ/ /ｄ/ /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /ｌ/ /ｍ/ /n/ 2.阅读2并且回答下列问题。 How does Jane go to school? / What time do classes begin in the afternoon? 第四步：练习 1.填写第8页的表格，两人一组讨论，据课文内容彼此检查答案。 2.谈论你好朋友的日常活动。 3.听录音3填空。 4.知识点总结：4a和4b。第五步：综合探究活动完成5。

六上unit4第五课时

课题Unit 4 I have a pen pal.课型新授对话课学习内容Part B Let’s try & Let’s talk 学习目标1.通过听Let’s try 和Let’s talk部分的录音和老师引导，让学生初步听懂对话，理解句意。 2.通过听录音跟读，老师领读，学生分角色读，让学生能够准确读出对话，做到语音准确，语调自然，并能运用于实际生活中进行替换练习。 3.在学生能够熟读会背对话的基础上，通过规范书写，达到正确默写“四会”句型Does she teach English? No, she doesn’t. Yes, she does.并能够运用上面句式询问他人一些日常生活情况。学习评价1、针对学习目标1，教师播放录音，让学生选择图片或者回答问题以检测学生的听力能力。 2、针对学习目标2，让两人小组合作表演对话，或拓展延伸编写新的对话考察学生的综合语言运用能力。 3、针对学习目标3，通过巡视检查学生的作业，评价样题的检测，了解学生的掌握情况。学习重点 .能够熟练掌握本课时的重点句型，并在现实生活中灵活运用，做到语调自然，语音准确。学习难点让学生掌握一般现在时态的一般疑问句的句式结构，及其肯定、否定问答。。学前准备1.班班通资料 2. 教师给学生准备作为奖励的小礼物。。学习过程学案导案（一）思考导入 1.教师和学生一起说唱英语童谣《My pen pal》。 2.教师走到学生中间，以学生自己和同桌的业余爱好为话题，做简单的Free Talk. （二）探究新知 1.教师把Let’s try的学习挂图呈现给学生，播放录音： Does the girl’s mother work in a hospital? Does her father work in a hospital, too? 然后让学生根据对话内容选出正确的答案。录音 1.教师做歌词认读，并示范。 2.通过Free Talk 巩固复习已学单词 1.教师通过教学媒体资源把 Let’s try的内容呈现给学生精研粗备课导学案

必修二unit5grammar

课题：M2U5“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句一．研读目标掌握“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句的结构与用法二.基本用法 “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，whose 既可指人也可指物,即介词+which/whom/whose. （三）填空（根据课文P34） 1.Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, ______________ everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? 2. They may start as a group of high-school students, ______________ practising their music in someone’s house is the first step to fame. 3. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, ______________ they are paid in cash. 4.The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, ______________________ was based loosely on the Beatles. 5.However, after a year or so______________ they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. 6.They produced a new record in 1996, ______________ they celebrated their former time as a real band. （四）“介词+关系代词”的种类 1.介词+which/whom 介词选用的方法：考虑三个因素: “一先,二动,三意义” ①I never forget the year________＿＿＿＿I went to college. ②The policeman ________＿＿＿＿Mr. Smith is talking in the office is my friend . ③Air, ________＿＿＿＿man can’t live, is really important. 2.代词all,________，none, neither，________,many, few, the rest 等／数词 +介词+which/whom ④Mary has two brothers ,both of whom are doctors . ⑤There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities . ⑥The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad . 3.the+___________/________+ which/whom ⑦China has hundreds of islands , the largest of which is Taiwan . ⑧I will talk to those students the homework of whom hasn't been done . 4.介词+__________+名词 ⑨We were grateful to Mr. Li, in whose car we had traveled home . 5. “介词+ which”常可以和when ,where ,why 互换 ⑩I'll never forget the days during which =___________ I worked with you . ①This is the office in which =____________I used to work . ②I'd like you to explain the reason for which =____________you were absent . 100. The weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 101. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

unit4定语从句复习

定语从句 Step1 Grammar 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。 2.whose+名词=the+名词+of which/ of whom This is the detective who came from London. The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. The desk whose leg is broken is very old. This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 关系代词that 和which的区别 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, non e等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our scho ol. (3) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that, 不用which, who，或whom。例如： This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show befor e . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。 That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work . 我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。 as, which 非限定性定语从句由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and thi s或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could exp ect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用

五上Unit5Section B Let’s learn教学反思

Unit 5 Section B Let’s learn &Find and say 教学设计及反思 ---by Ding Wei 学习目标 1. 能听、说、读、写表示位置关系的单词“between”，“above”，“beside”，“behind”和词组“in front of”。 2. 能灵活运用句型“Where is …?”，“It’s … .”谈论物体的位置。 3. 能完成“Find and say”部分的任务。 4. 能简单描述家具的摆设和位置。 5. 鼓励学生在日常生活中多用英语进行交流。学习重点 1. 能听、说、读、写表示位置关系的单词“front”，“between”，“above”，“beside”，“behind”和词组“in front of”。 2. 能灵活运用句型“Where is …?”，“it’s … .”谈论物体的位置。教学难点 1. 理清物体的位置关系。 2. 介词“on”和“above”都表示“在……上面”，但两者表示的位置关系不一样，要注意区分。教学过程 Step 1 Warm up ①.Hello, boys and girls! I’m your new teacher, Miss Yu. Nice to meet you! How are you? What’s your name? Nice to meet you! ②.I know you’re good children. I think we will have a happy class. Yes? Step 2 Preview Ok! Let’s look at some pictures. (Show PPT ) This is my room. What’s in the room? Who can tell us :What’s in your room? What’s in our classroom？What else can you see ? Step 3 Presentation T:There is a ball in our classroom. Where is it? Can you guess?

人教版PEP六年级英语下册《Unit 4 第五课时》教案

2020人教版PEP六年级英语下册精编教案第五课时课时内容 B Read and write 课时分析本课时是人教版六年级下册第四单元第五课时。围绕“吴一凡的梦”这一话题展开，主要通过阅读文本学习词汇race, nothing, thought, felt, cheetah, trip, woke, dream及如何用一般过去时态写自己的梦。锻炼学生的思维能力，语言运用能力，理解能力和分析能力，激发学习英语的兴趣和树立学好英语的信心。前几课时词汇、对话的学习为本课时的学习奠定了一定的基础，本课时是第二单元知识的拓展和延伸。本课时的重点是单词race, nothing, thought, felt, cheetah, trip, woke, dream的听、说、认读以及能够根据阅读所获取的信息完成一系列活动和书写活动。本课时Read and write板块，分为读和写两个部分。第一部分包括读前部分和文本，读前部分呈现了几个问题，通过问题的解决，回忆相关的背景知识。文本呈现的是吴一凡的梦境，通过阅读能够为图排序及填充对话的任务。第二部分是语境下的书写活动：记述自己的梦。文本内容非常有趣，贴近学生的生活，能够引起学生的学习兴趣，有效的激起学生阅读的欲望。本课时词汇量大，篇幅较长，对于学生的理解和运用有一定的难度。教师要借助于多媒体、图片，语境帮助学生理解重点词汇和课文。

采用任务型教学法、合作探究法、交际法等多种教学方法的综合运用，提高学生的阅读能力，培养良好的阅读习惯和技巧。课时目标（1）能够听、说、认读单词：race, nothing, thought, felt, cheetah, trip, woke, dream。（2）能够理解文本，并能根据文本信息给图排序。（3）能根据文本内容，在对话模式的文本中填上合适的词语。（4）能够结合自己的实际，模仿课文文本，写一篇关于自己的梦的小语篇。（5）锻炼学生的思维能力、语言运用能力，理解能力和分析能力，激发学习英语的兴趣和树立学习英语的信心。课时重难点 1.重点（1）能够听、说、认读单词：race, nothing, thought, felt, cheetah, trip, woke, dream。（2）能够理解文本，并能根据文本信息给图排序。（3）能根据文本内容，在对话模式的文本中填上合适的词语。（4）能够结合自己的实际，模仿课文文本，写一篇关于自己的梦的小语篇。 2.难点（1）词汇的认读和理解。（2）能够结合自己的实际，模仿课文文本，写一篇关于自己的梦的

unit4语法：定语从句

定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 2.whose+名词=the+名词+of which/ of whom 1.宜用that引导的定语从句 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school. (3) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very 等词修饰，关系代词常用that, 不用which, who，或whom。例如： This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。 That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work . 我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。 2. 宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。 The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt. 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。 He bought a railway ticket for the woman, which helped her a lot. as, which 非限定性定语从句由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this 或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that B. which C. as D. it as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1) as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 (2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。 (3)当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same book as I lost last week. 当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

五年级英语下册,Unit4第一课时,教学设计

Unit4 第1课时教学设计【内容】人教版PEP 五下Unit4 【主题】When is Easter? 【课时】第1课时：A Let’s try. Let’s talk. 一、目标依据依据新课标，要求五年级学生能借助图片、图像、手势听懂简单的话语或录音材料；能听懂课堂活动中简单的提问；能听懂常用指令和要求并做出适当的反应；能在口头表达中做到发音清楚、语调基本达意；能体会到英语学习的乐趣；在学习中集中注意力；敢于开口，表达中不怕出错误；能够自主学习，积极参与各种课堂学习活动，并积极与他人合作，共同完成学习任务。二、教材分析这是本单元的第一课时。Let’s try为与本课主题相关的听力练习。Let’s talk为交际对话，通过Mr Jones和张鹏就四月份两个特殊的日子——愚人节和复活节日期进行对话的情景，来学习如何询问并回答某节日的日期。三、学情分析在五年级下册Unit3中，学生已经学习过月份类单词；在四年级下册学过first和second。本节课将在此基础上学习如何询问并回答某节日的具体日期。四、教学目标 1. 能够在图片和教师的帮助下理解对话大意；能够按照正确的语音、

语调及意群朗读对话，并能进行角色表演。 2. 能够在情景中自主灵活运用句型When is …? It’s on … 询问并回答某节日的具体日期。 3. 能够在图片、视频的帮助下，了解中西方节日的文化，并培养学生对中国传统文化的热爱。五、教学重难点 1. 重点：按照正确的语音语调以及意群朗读对话。 2. 难点：在情景中运用句型When is …? It’s on …询问并回答某个活动在什么时候举行。六、教学评价 1. 通过听音跟读，看动画仿读，师领读、生模仿，优秀生范读等多种方式检测学生对目标1的达成度。 2. 通过师提问，生回答；生两人一组，看图练习；Extension自编对话，检测学生对目标2的达成度。 3. 通过生观看视频，师文化讲解，加深学生对中西方文化的了解，以检测学生对目标3的达成度。七、教学过程 Step 1: Warm-up 1. 师生相互问候。 2. 将学生分成两组：A&B。两组各有一份2018年日历，哪组能先集齐12个月份爱心，哪组获胜。 3. 教师播放五年级下册Unit3歌曲The twelve months，学生齐唱。