2009美国大学生数学建模竞赛B类试题题目翻译

2009美赛试题

问题B：能源和手机

这个问题涉及到“能量”影响的手机革命，手机的使用量迅速增长，许多人正在使用手机来代替固定电话。这方面的电力使用的结果是什么？每个手机配有一个电池和一个充电器。

要求一

目前认为美国是一个人口约有3亿人的国家，从现有数据估计家庭数为h，每个家庭有M 个成员，以前是使用座机电话的。现在，假设所有的座机被手机取代，也就是说每个家庭成员都有手机。在当前美国这种过渡又稳定的用电模型中，分析中应该考虑到移动电话充电的需要，同时移动电话不能像固定电话那样持续使用也是一个现实问题（比如说移动电话可能会丢失或者损坏）。

要求二

考虑第二个约3亿人口、跟当前美国具有相同的经济地位的“伪美国”，然而，这个新兴国家既没有固定电话也没有移动电话，从这个国家的能源角度看，用什么最佳方式为这个国家提供电话服务，当然，手机有很多固定电话所不具有的用处和社会影响。这个讨论是关于单独使用固定电话或者单独使用移动电话，或者混合使用两种电话带来的广泛或潜在的影响。

要求三

手机需要定期充电。但是许多人不考虑手机是否要充电，总是将充电器一直插在电器插槽上。在前两个假设成立的基础上，建立能源浪费的数学模型。另外，假定美国以石油作为电力来源，计算、解释浪费的石油量。

要求四

在估计不同电器设备（电视、DVR、电脑外围设备等）所使用能源数量时，电器特性：没有充电设备。要求用精确的数据建立模型，模型是关于当前美国每天所浪费的能源，以原油（桶/天）计量。

要求五

现在考虑在未来50年内人口及经济增长的情况。如何使这个假设中的美国发展壮大。对于每一个50年内的10年进行能源的需求预测，前提是在你前三次的分析基础上进行的电话服务。另外还有一个假设是：电力来自石油。解释你预测到的石油桶数。

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