【英语】高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

【英语】高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription．It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.

A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or ail empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?

The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.

Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.

A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it. The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo．

（1）What do we know about placebo according to the passage?

A. It contains some sort of medicine.

B. It won't function if you are negative about medicine.

C. People who don't believe placebo can't be healed by it.

D. Patients and doctors know clearly how it helps to heal the body.

（2）Why is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo?

A. The patient needs help badly．

B. The patient believes in the doctor．

C. The doctor knows better about your body．

D. The doctor has carefully studied medicine．

（3）What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A. The placebo.

B. The bad effect.

C. The body.

D. The medicine.（4）What is the passage mainly about?

A. Placebo：Work on Your Mind

B. Placebo：The Most Powerful Medicine

C. Placebo：The Best Doctor

D. Placebo：Heal Your Body

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，安慰病人的心理使病人的情绪得到舒缓，从而有利于病情的痊愈。

(1)考查细节理解。纵观全文可知，一些医生仍然认为，如果安慰剂有坏的影响，它应该永远不会被使用，他们认为对安慰剂仍然没有足够的了解。所以此处的it是指的安慰剂。故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“A placebo is a sugar pill，a harmless shot，or ail empty capsule．”可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据文章的描述有时候病人是不需要使用药物的，医生给病人开出安慰剂，病人觉得安慰剂有很大的作用是因为他们很相信医生。故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病情的痊愈。这被叫做安慰剂。通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心情，从而有利于病情痊愈。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time. This is because food attracts germs; germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums. Flossing (使用牙线) helps to remove the food that gets stuck between your teeth. This explains why flossing helps to keep your mouth healthy, but some doctors say that flossing can also be good for your heart.

It may seem strange that something you do for your teeth can have any effect on your heart. Doctors have come up with a few ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. One idea is that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood.Germs that get into the blood can then attack your heart. Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too many germs in your mouth, the body tries to fight against there germs. For some reason, the way the body fights these mouth germs may end up weakening the heart overtime. Not every doctor agrees about these ideas. Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence. The incidence (发生率) of two or more events is completely random, as they do not admit of any reliable cause and effect relationship between them. For example, every time I wash my car, it rains. This does not mean

that when I wash my car, I somehow change the weather. This is only a coincidence. Similarly, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heart problems, and people who have good flossing habits just happen to have healthy hearts.

The theory that flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart healthy might not be true. But every doctor agrees that flossing is a great way to keep your teeth healthy. So even if flossing does not help your heart, it is true to help your teeth. This is enough of a reason for everyone to floss their teeth every day.

（1）From the passage, we know that ________.

A. food stuck between your teeth may hurt your teeth

B. all of the doctors agree that flossing is good for your heart

C. doctors' judgment about flossing is based on medical research

D. not every doctor thinks flossing helps to keep your teeth healthy

（2）The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 is to ________.

A. provide an example

B. make a comparison

C. introduce a new topic

D. develop the previous statement

（3）Which of the following best states the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. It is a fact that flossing can help your heart as well as your teeth.

B. There is no good reason to believe that flossing will help your heart.

C. Because doctors find flossing won't help your heart, it is useless to floss.

D. Even if flossing is only good for your teeth, you should still do it every day.

（4）Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Flossing by Coincidence

B. How to Keep Your Teeth Healthy

C. Flossing Habits and Healthy Hearts

D. Why Doctors Disagree About Flossing

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文提到经过研究，剔牙与保持心脏之间没有必然的联系，但剔牙能保护牙齿的健康是可以肯定的。

( 1 )推理判断题。根据第一段提到It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time. This is because food attracts germs(细菌), germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums.(长时间让食物停留在牙齿是有害处的，这是因为食物能吸引细菌，细菌会产生酸，腐蚀你的牙齿)，故选A项。

( 2 )句意猜测题。Not every doctor agrees about these ideas不是每个医生都对这些问题持相同的态度，Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart health

is only a coincidence.一些医生认为用牙线剔牙与心脏健康之间的关系只是偶然Similarly, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heart problems一些医生认为有剔牙习惯的碰巧有心脏问题，故是发展以前的观点，因此选D 项。

( 3 ) 段落大意题。根据最后一段提到剔牙能保持你的心脏健康这一理论可能并不正确的，但医生同意剔牙能保证牙齿的健康，因此即使剔牙不能有助于你的心脏，肯定能保护你牙齿，这就是每天剔牙的重要原因，故选D项。

( 4 )主旨标题题。本文提到经过研究，剔牙与保持心脏之间没有必然的联系，但剔牙能保护牙齿的健康是可以肯定的，故选C项。

3．阅读理解

Resorts of every kind have sprung up to cater to the Englishman need to spend a part of the year, however briefly, by the seaside. No town in Britain is more than eighty miles from the sea and there are seaside resorts all around the coast. On a summer Sunday most of the roads that lead to the sea axe congested with cars full of people eager to get a breath of sea air. In the evening when everyone is full of food, ice-cream and lollypops, there is the long slow drive home on roads crowded with returning cars.

Brighton

Brighton is one of the best-known south coast resorts and is very popular for day trip excursions. It is only fifty miles from London and can be reached by fast train in an hour. At the weekend the pebbled beaches are thronged with people sunbathing or picking their way to the water's edge for a dip.

Bournemouth

Located a hundred miles from London, the beaches are wide and sandy. White Houses line the cliff tops and narrow valleys, densely wooded with pine trees, reach down to the shore. The area near to the town of Torquay on the Devon coast is sometimes called Britains Riviera and the climate is so mild that palm trees grow along the sea front.

Blackpool

On the north-west coast, a popular resort for the people in the industrial north, Blackpool is a gay, noisy town, famous for its amusement facilities and the magical lights. At night people travel from miles around to see the extravaganza of lights decorating the sea front.

Southend

On the east coast at the mouth of the Thames, Southend is, like Brighton, one of the favorite resorts of Londoners. The pier here is the longest in Britain and offers a great variety of differing entertainments.

（1）Why do people often have a long slow drive home on roads in summer?

A. Because it is extremely far from the sea.

B. Because people are full of food, ice-cream and lollypops.

C. Because too many returning cars often make a traffic jam.

D. Because people are attracted in the resorts so they leave slowly.

（2）Which resort is famous for its entertainments and grand lights?

A. Blackpool.

B. Bournemouth.

C. Briton.

D. Southend.

（3）Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. There are palm trees growing near Bournemouth.

B. Southend has the longest pier in Britain.

C. People crowded into the water's edge at Briton for a quick swim.

D. Southend is a better preferred resort than Briton by London locals.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了不列颠海岸线上4个供英国人在海滩度过每年的大量时间的度假胜地。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“In the evening when everyone is full of food, ice-cream and lollypops, there is the long slow drive home on roads crowded with returning cars.”可知因为返程车辆致使路上拥堵，人们装满食物慢慢开车回家。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Blackpool 部分中的“On the north-west coast, a popular resort for the people in the industrial north, Blackpool is a gay, noisy town, famous for its amusement facilities and the magical lights. ”可知Blackpool以其娱乐设施和奇妙壮丽的灯光而著名。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Southend 部分中的“On the east coast at the mouth of the Thames, Southend is, like Brighton, one of the favorite resorts of Londoners.”可知Southend和Brighton 同样都是伦敦人最爱去的地方。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

About aspirin:

Aspirin is a commonly used drug which can be taken to relieve discomfort caused by numerous medical problems including headaches, toothache, inflammation and infections. It is also suitable to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.

Who can take aspirin?

Adults and children over 16 years of age.

Who should not take aspirin?

Women who are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. Aspirin may harm your unborn baby. Women who are breast-feeding. Aspirin can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. People who have any problems with the way the liver works or with the way the kidneys work. How to take aspirin:

Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk.

The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g 12 tablets) in any 24 -hour period.

You must not take these tablets with any other medicine which contains any aspirin or painkiller.

How to store aspirin:

Keep all medicines out of the reach and sight of children.

Store aspirin in a cool, dry place, away from direct heat and light.

Do not put aspirin in the bathroom because the dampness there can cause it to lose its effectiveness.

Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.

Possible side effects:

Feeling sick, increased risk of bleeding, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. If these effects continue, contact your doctor.

Ringing in the ears, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and mental confusion are rare. If these occur, stop taking the drug and contact your doctor for further advice.

（1）In which case will you take aspirin according to the text?

A. Stomachache.

B. Fever.

C. Breathlessness.

D. Nosebleed.（2）How many times can you take aspirin at most in a day?

A. 6.

B. 5.

C. 4.

D. 3.

（3）What type of writing is this text?

A. A hospital announcement.

B. A medical report.

C. A doctor's suggestions list.

D. Medical instructions.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It is also suitab le to treat colds and flu-like symptoms, and to reduce a high temperature.”可知，阿司匹林可以退烧，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The recommended dose (剂量) ranges from two to three tablets at a time. Never take more than 4g 12 tablets in any 24 -hour period.”可知，每次2-3片，一天不能超过12片，最多六次，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。本文属于说明文，介绍阿司匹林的作用和注意事项，因而是一篇药物使用说明书，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇药物使用说明书，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Imagine yourself on the other side of the college admissions desk. It's not so glorious, apparently. At the very least, you need to be good-natured. Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to know the things that annoy

admissions officers the most. He sent out a request to members of the National Association for College Admissions Counselors and received hundreds of responses. Apparently, college admissions officers were waiting for an opportunity to unload their frustrations. The responses fall into several areas:

Communication

Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting shorthand, such as "im w8ing 4 some1 2 call me."

Leaving a message with just a first name and no telephone number. For example, "Hi, this is Suzie. Please call me back."

Acting distracted during a one-on-one interview; nervous habits like foot-tapping or "um", "like" and "you know", which make a bad situation worse.

Not responding to emails from the admissions office.

Over-involved parents

The very common comment from parents, "We are in the process of completing applications." Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children.

Essays

Not identifying which question they are responding to.

Writing about something they were great at in the seventh grade but haven't pursued since then.

（1）What is the purpose of the text?

A. To complain about the process of college application.

B. To provide tips for college students in achieving high grades.

C. To list unwelcome behaviors in college application.

D. To prove that admission officers are under great pressure.

（2）Which behavior may leave admission consolers a bad impression?

A. To use inappropriate and incomplete language.

B. To leave a complete telephone number.

C. To focus on the interview and stay calm.

D. To reply to e-mails quickly.

（3）What should parents avoid doing in an interview?

A. Letting kids to fill in the application form.

B. Attending the interview on time.

C. Getting dressed neatly for the interview.

D. Answering questions for their kids.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学生申请大学时出现的一些令招生人员烦恼的不好的行为。

（1）考查写作目的。根据第一段中的“Joseph Connolly, a guidance counselor at New Oxford High School in the United States, wanted to know the things that annoy admissions officers the most.”和“The responses fall into several areas:”可推断，文章的写作目的是为读者列出在申请大学时不受欢迎的行为。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据● Communication部分中的“Silly or stupid email addresses; sending emails that use texting shorthand, such as “im w8ing 4 somel 2 call me.”可知，使用不合适的和

不完整的语言会给招生人员留下不好的印象。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据● Over-involved parents部分中的“Parents attending interviews, and worse yet, speaking for their children.”可知，父母不应该在面试中为代替孩子回答问题。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作目的两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

The Mokoko tribe (部落) lived on the wrong side of the island of two faces. The two sides, separated by a great cliff (悬崖), were like night and day. The good side was watered by rivers and was filled with trees and abundant food, while on the wrong side there was hardly any water or plants, and wild beasts crowded together. The Mokoko had the misfortune of having always lived there, with no way to cross to the other side. Their life was hard and they lived in permanent terror of the beasts.

Along the edge of the cliff separating the two sides, a skinny but strong tree grew, with which they could build two poles. There was no doubt that the tribe would choose the great chief and doctor to use the poles. But when the two of them were given their chance to make the jump, they didn't dare to. They thought that the pole could break or it would not be long enough. They put so much energy into these thoughts that they gave in.

But into that tribe were born Nam and Ariki, a pair of young hearts. One day, they decided to take up the poles. Nobody stopped them, but everyone did try to discourage them, trying to present how dangerous the jumping was, using a thousand explanations.

"And what if what they say is true?" wondered the young Naru.

"Don't worry. I am a bit scared too, but it doesn't look so difficult," replied Ariki, ever determined.

"But if it goes wrong, it will be a terrible end," continued Naru, undecided.

"Perhaps the jump will go badly. But staying forever on this side of the island surely won't work out well either."

"You're right. Let's do it tomorrow."

And on the next day, Naru and Ariki jumped to the good side of the island. When taking up the poles, while feeling their desire, the fear hardly allowed them to breathe. And while flying through the air, helpless and without support, they felt that something must have gone wrong and death awaited them. But when they landed on the other side, they thought the jump really hadn't been so bad after all.

（1）What situation were the Mokoko faced with?

A. They lived a difficult life without fearing the beasts.

B. They suffered a lot due to the terrible environment.

C. They had easy access to the good side.

D. They were surrounded by trees and rivers.

（2）How did the chief and doctor feel when they were chosen?

A. Frightened.

B. Energetic.

C. Desperate.

D. Satisfied.

（3）What's the tribe members' reaction when Nam and Ariki decided to take up the poles?

A. The members desired to follow their steps.

B. The members tried to prevent the behaviour.

C. The members convinced them of the danger.

D. The members encouraged them to have a try.

（4）What can we infer about Naru and Ariki?

A. They overcame difficulty with courage and determination.

B. They felt relaxed in the whole process of making the jump.

C. They never doubted the difficulty in making the jump.

D. They hesitated to make the jump over and over again.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个岛被大的悬崖分成完全不同的两部分，好的一面有水有树食物充足而另一面几乎没水没植物，野兽聚集。这个部落正好位于条件很恶劣的一面。讲述了Nam 和Ariki不畏艰险用勇气和决心克服了困难来到了岛的好的一面。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The Mokoko tribe (部落) lived on the wrong side of the island of two faces. The two sides, separated by a great cliff (悬崖), were like night and day. ---The Mokoko had the misfortune of having always lived there, with no way to cross to the other side. Their life was hard and they lived i n permanent terror of the beasts.”可知，由于可怕的环境他们遭受了很多。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“There was no doubt that the tribe would choose the great chief and doctor to use the poles. But when the two of them were given their chance to make the jump, they didn't dare to”可知，首领和医生被选上时他们感到害怕。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“They thought that the pole could break or it would not be long enough. They put so much energy into these thoughts that they gave in.”可知，成员确信他们是危险的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据两个人的的对话“ And what if what they say is true?" wonder ed the young Naru. Don't worry I am a bit scared too, but it doesn't look so difficult, replied ariki, ever determined. "Perhaps the jump will go badly. But staying forever on this side of the island surely won't work out well either. "You're right. Let's do it tomorrow."和文章最后一句 But when they landed on the other side, they thought the jump really hadn't been so bad after all”可知,他们用勇气和决心克服了困难。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it is easy and quick to learn English. There is even a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage learners even more. When I see advertisements like this, I don't know whether to

laugh or cry. But many people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear.

Of course it is clear that students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but too many cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language, let alone produces good pronunciation and intonation.

Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren't, because it would make it easier to use their methods.

In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. It must be real.

There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language.

（1）Many people believe advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses probably because .

A. they are encouraged by William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens

B. they are eager to learn and then believe them

C. the ways advertised can help them to save time and efforts

D. the ways advertised prove effective and helpful

（2）What may behaviorists argue towards English learning?

A. Human beings make more interesting noises than parrots and chimpanzees.

B. Human beings should relate their speech to their own lives.

C. Language is a formula with lots of repetitions and practices.

D. Language is a means of communication.

（3）What opinion does the author hold?

A. A quick method that suits all the students does exist.

B. English can be mastered within a very short period of time.

C. Each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language.

D. No one can learn English well without being interested in it.

（4）What ways of learning is suggested by the author?

A. Study abroad.

B. Learn communicatively and situationally.

C. Follow the behaviorists' approach.

D. Teach oneself at home with dictionaries.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了一名语言教师对语言学习的个人看法。他认为学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法在情理之中，但是学英语不像广告中所说的那么轻松，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students. ”可知许多人渴望学好这门语言，相信这些广告中宣传的学习语言能速成，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making sentences.”可知现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“In m y personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it.”可知作者认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. They can work with us and practice the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life language.”可知还有一个相关的问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在学习较生疏的内容时，如果有其他学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生的语言形式，用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Years ago, students applying to colleges and universities had to have their applications and personal essays printed out and then “snail-mailed”. Flash forward to tod ay's world of Facebook, Instagram and WeChat, where photos, videos and mobile phones rule. Fortunately, several new tools are making it easier for college applicants to use technology to show off their personalities, skills and creativity.

ZEEMEE

One of the more popular innovations in college applications is ZeeMee, a free mobile app that allows students to upload personal profiles and videos to create visual resumes. More than 220 colleges and universities offer a ZeeMee option as part of the application process. The video can show the unique creative aspects of the applicants.

THE COALITION LOCKER

Another relatively new tool comes from the Coalition for Access, Affordability and Success, now used by more than 110 member colleges and universities. Among the group's stated goals are getting students engaged in college prep early and using technology to create a supportive application process that encourages reflection and self-discovery.

Students who sign up for the free platform get access to a digital “locker”, which they can use

all through high school to save class papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and photos to share with colleges when they eventually apply.

VIDEO — CHAT INTERVIEWS

At some schools, an interview with an admission officer is an important part of the application process. To make it easier, several virtual interviewing tools have popped up, such as a video-based platform from Kira. More than 140 universities worldwide use Kira's video assessment tool

to conduct real-time interviews with prospective students. During the interview, candidates are shown the questions prerecorded by the particular school and must respond in real time by talking into the camera on their laptop or phone. In addition to showing their ability, to speak fluently in English and think on their feet, it helps admission officers determine the “motivation, commitment and drive” of applicants.

UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS

Some universities have come up with their own ways to allow students to show their skills and personalities. For example, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, encourages applicants to display their technical abilities and creativity by submitting a “Maker Portfolio” —a written or videotaped description of a project that shows creative and problem-solving skills. While a new

app would fit the bill, the project could be anything from an origami design to a potato cannon.

（1）Which of the apps give students more guidance from their high school?

A. ZEEMEE.

B. THE COALITION LOCKER.

C. VIDEO — CHAT INTERVIEWS.

D. UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS.

（2）What does the underlined word “it” in the fourth part of the passage refer to?

A. The video interview.

B. The description.

C. The application.

D. The student's ability.

（3）What is the common feature required by colleges and universities according to the passage?

A. Creativity.

B. Braveness.

C. Willingness to share.

D. Technical ability.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在今天的Facebook、Instagram和微信的世界里，照

片、视频和手机盛行的同时，一些新工具让大学申请者更容易使用技术来展示他们的个

性、技能和创造力。

(1)考查推理判断。根据THE COALITION LOCKER部分中的“Students who sign up for the free platform get access to a digital ‘locker’, which they can use all through high school to save class papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and photos to share with colleges when they eventually apply.”可知，THE COALITION LOCKER. 能让学生从高中获得更多的指导。故选B。

(2)考查代词指代。根据VIDEO —CHAT INTERVIEWS部分中的“At some schools, an interview

with an admission officer is an important part of the application process.”在一些学校，对招生

人员的面试是申请过程的重要组成部分；以及“In addition to showing their ability, to speak fluently in English and think on their feet, it helps admission officers determine the ‘motivation, commitment and drive’ of applicants.“除了展示他们的能力，为了流利地说英语和快速反应，

它还能帮助招生人员决定申请者的“动机、承诺和动力”。由此可知it指的是“the

application”，故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Fortunately, several new tools are making it easier for college applicants to use technology to show off their personalities, skills and creativity.”可知，根据文章的内容，创造力是学院和大学的共同特征。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和代词指代两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Do you have good friends? Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you?

It turns out that this isn't just an expression. A study by Yale University and the University of California, San Diego, has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do, the Guardian reported.

Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1 percent of genes that match.

"One percent may not sound like much to the layperson (外行), but to geneticists (遗传学家) it is a significant number," Professor Nicholas Christakis of Yale University told Discovery News. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins, those who have the same great-great-great grandparents as you.

So is it a coincidence that you become friends with people who share your genes? Not at all. In fact, it is evolution that brings you together.

People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes, researchers said. In ancient times, it was critical that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who had a similar susceptibility (易感性) to the cold were more likely to help each other build a fire, giving them a better chance to survive.

Researchers also found that among all the genes studied, those affecting sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes more often and are therefore more likely to meet and become friends with each other.

Based on their findings, the team has developed an interesting test called the "friendship score". It calculates how big the chances are that two people will be friends by studying their genes.

So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance who your friends are going to be, or would you still prefer to figure it out by yourself and let time be the judge?

（1）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?

A.To explain why friends share skills and interests.

B.To report on recent findings about making friends.

C.To analyze what influences the way people make friends.

D.To explain an interesting test called the "friendship score".

（2）According to the researchers of the study, people _______.

A.form friendships by complete coincidence

B.are genetically similar to their friends, compared to strangers

C.make friends with those who share nearly 10 percent of their genes

D.may share more similar genes with their friends than with their fourth cousins

（3）With the examples of ancient people developing the ability to speak and helping each other build a fire, the author intends to _______.

A.show how ancient people helped each other survive

B.explain that similar interests are what lead to friendship

C.show that it is evolution that brings friends together

D.tell us why it was easier for ancient people to find friends

（4）According to the article, people with similar genes that affect their sense of smell ______.

A.like to hang out at cafes more often

B.are easily attracted to the smell of their friends

C.are more likely to be attracted to a similar environment

D.can identify people in a crowd who can become friends

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，来自耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与

陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性，所以朋友有时更像是家人。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“A study by Yale University and the University of California, San Diego, has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do, the Guardian reported.”耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。可知，这篇文章主要讲述关于交朋友的这项新发现。并且

由“the Guardian reported”可知，这是一篇新闻报道，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A study by Yale University and the University of California, San Diego, has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do, the Guardian reported.”耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。可知，与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。这个举例出现在倒数第四段，根据倒数第五段中的“So is it a coincidence that you become friends with people who share your genes? Not at all. In fact, it is evolution that brings you together. ”你与你基因相似的人变成朋友是偶然吗？并不是这样的。实际上，是进化将你们带到一起。可知，倒数第四段应该是对进化如何将你们带到一

起成为朋友的解释。本段谈到了有相似基因的人也有相似的技能和喜好，然后以古代人为例，说明只有遇到拥有相似技能基因的人他们才能发展语言技能，同时，同样对冷感受比

较强烈的人更可能会互相帮助生火，作者举这些例子都是为了说明人们选择了拥有相似基

因的人为友，是因为进化的需要，故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段的中的“This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments.”可能是因为嗅觉相同的人更容易去相似的环境，可知，有相同嗅觉基因的人更容易被吸引去相似的环境中。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

A bite from a tsetse fly (采采蝇) is an extremely unpleasant experience. It is not like a mosquito, which can put its thin mouthpart directly into your blood, often without you noticing. In contrast, the tsetse fly's mouth has tiny saws on it that saw into your skin on its way to suck out your blood. To make matters worse, several species of tsetse fly can transmit diseases. One of the most dangerous is a parasite that causes ＂sleeping sickness＂, or ＂human African trypanosomiasis＂to give it its official name. Without treatment, an infection is usually fatal.

Like so many tropical diseases, sleeping sickness has often been neglected by medical researchers. However, researchers have long endeavored to understand how it avoids our bodies' defence mechanisms. Some of their insights could now help us eliminate sleeping sickness altogether.

There are two closely-related single-celled parasites that cause this deathly sleep: Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense. The latter is far more common: it is responsible for up to 95% of cases, mostly in western Africa. It takes several years to kill a person, while T. brucei rhodesiense can cause death within months. There are still other forms that infect livestock.

After the initial bite, sleeping sickness symptoms often start with a fever, headaches and aching muscles. As the illness goes on, those infected become increasingly tired, which is where it gets its name. Personality changes, severe confusion and poor coordination can also happen.

While medication does help, some treatments are toxic and can themselves be deadly, especially if they are given after the disease has reached the brain.

It is worth noting that sleeping sickness is no longer as deadly as it once was. In the early 20th Century several hundred thousand people were infected each year. By the 1960s the disease was considered ＂under control＂and had reached very low numbers, making its spread more difficult. But in the 1970s there was another major epidemic, which took 20 years to control.

Since then, better screening programmes and earlier interventions have reduced the number of cases dramatically. In 2009 there were fewer than 10,000 cases for the first time since records

began, and in 2015 this figure dropped to fewer than 3,000, according to the latest figures from the World Health Organisation. The WHO hopes the disease will be completely eliminated by 2020.

While this decline looks positive, there may be many more cases that go unreported in rural Africa. To eliminate the disease completely, infections have to be closely monitored.

More problematically, a series of new studies have shown that the parasite is more complicated than previously believed.

Sleeping sickness has always been considered ——and diagnosed ——as a blood disease, because T. brucei parasites can readily be detected in the blood of its victims.

（1）A tsetse fly is different from a mosquito in that________.

A. it can put its thin mouthpart directly into your blood

B. all species of tsetse fly can transmit diseases

C. it can spread a parasite that causes ＂sleeping sickness＂

D. its mouth has larger saws than those on a mosquito

（2）What can be learned about ＂sleeping sickness＂ according to the text ?

A. It is formally called＂human American trypanosomiasis＂.

B. If left untreated, it can possibly be deadly.

C. It remains as deadly as it used to be.

D. It usually draws attention from medical researchers.

（3）What is implied in the last three paragraphs ?

A. ＂Sleeping sickness＂ will be completely eliminated by 2020.

B. The parasite causing ＂sleeping sickness＂ is easy to detect now.

C. T. brucei parasites can only be detected in the blood of its victims.

D. Data about ＂sleeping sickness＂cases may not be so accurate.

（4）What would be the best title of this passage ?

A. A mosquito that can carry deadly diseases.

B. A bite from this fly puts you into a deadly sleep.

C. Symptoms that are characteristic of ＂sleeping sickness＂.

D. How to control deadly＂sleeping sickness＂ from a tsetse fly.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了70年代被采采蝇咬伤很容易感染疾病，传播病菌，一定要小心。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的＂several species of tsetse fly can transmit diseases. One of the most dangerous is a parasite that causes 'sleeping sickness',＂可知，采采蝇可以传播一种寄生虫，导致“昏睡病”故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的＂Without treatment, an infection is usually fatal.＂可知，如果不加以治疗，它可能是致命的，因此选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的＂While this decline looks positive, there may be many more cases that go unreported in rural Africa.＂可知，非洲农村可能还有更多的病例未报告，因此关于“昏睡病”病例的数据可能不那么准确，故选D。

(4)考查主旨大意。整篇文章介绍了采采蝇，尤其说明它可以传播一种＂昏睡病＂，这种病会让患者丧命，因此选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

Sometimes we start a day with the previous day still in mind. We think about the mistakes we made in the previous day, how things went wrong, and how we felt bad about it. No wonder it becomes difficult to focus on the current day.

Here are some steps on how to start your new day fresh:

⒈Take time to evaluate your day

At the end of a day, take some time to think about it. The purpose of this thinking time is not to regret how bad your day was, how things went wrong, or how people treated you badly. This won't do you any good. Instead, the purpose of this thinking time is to extract（吸取）lessons which you can bring to the following day.

⒉Make a commitment to apply the lessons

After you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to apply them. To do so, find some actionable things you can do to apply the lessons. Next, remind yourself to do them. You may write them down if you want to.

⒊“Close” your day

After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day. You are done with it; don't think about it anymore.

⒋Bring only the lessons to the next day and nothing else

After you “dose” a day, you should not bring anything out of it to the next day except for the lessons you extract. Focus on applying the lessons to the present. This way you will be able to start your day fresh without the burden of yesterday.

（1）What will happen if we think too much about the past?

A. There will be a disaster.

B. There will be good results.

C. We won't have a peaceful mind.

D. We surely won't finish today's task.

（2）When should we draw lessons from the past mistakes?

A. At the end of a day.

B. When we make mistakes.

C. At the beginning of a day.

D. When we regret making the mistakes.

（3）Why should we extract lessons from the past day?

A. To set them down.

B. To consider them again.

C. To make a better decision.

D. To apply them for future use.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。本文告诉我们不能每天太多地想过去的事，这样会让我们难以把注意力放在当天，文中还告诉我们一些开始新的一天的四个步骤。

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，如果我们每天一开始就想前一天所犯的错误的话我们就很难把注意力放在当前的这一天，那么我们的心情就很难平静下来分析选项可知，C项（我们不会有和平的心态。）符合题意，故答案选C。

（2）此题属于细节理解中的语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。根据“Close” your day中的After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day.：在一天结束前，你花时间思考过去的一天并汲取教训后，这一天就结束了，即在这一天结束时来思考过去的一天并吸取教训。题干When should we draw lessons from the past mistakes??文章内容After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day. 与At the end of a day相符，故答案选 A。

（3）细节理解题。根据Make a commitment to apply the lessons部分中的After you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to apply them. To do so, find some actionable things you can do to apply the lessons.可知，我们应该从过去吸取教训就是在以后运用。分析选项可知D项（将它们应用于将来）符合题意，故答案选D。

【点评】推理题的解题方法

1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。

2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。

3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。

4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。

5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。

6. 结合已有的知识进行推断。

12．阅读理解

Stories are shared in many ways. They are described in books and magazines. They are read around the campfire at night. They are randomly distributed from stand-alone booths. But what else?

To revive (复兴)literature in the era of fast news and smartphone addiction, Short Edition, a French publisher of short-form literature, has set up more than 30 story dispensers (分发机)in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices.

Francis Ford Coppola, the film director and winemaker, liked the idea so much that he invested in the company and placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be found in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, including at the Los Angeles International Airport.

"Everything old is new again," said Andrew Nurkin, the director of the Free Library of Philadelphia, which is one of the libraries that set up the dispensers. "We want people to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children and inspire their creativity.

Here's how a dispenser works: It has three buttons on top indicating choices for stories that can be read in one minute, three minutes or five minutes. When a button is pushed, a short story is printed. The stories are free. They are chosen from a computer category of more than 100,000 original submissions by writers whose works have been evaluated by Short Edition's judges, and transmitted over a mobile network. Offerings can be tailored to specific interests, like children's fiction or romance. Short Edition gets stories for its category by holding writing contests.

Short Edition set up its first booth in 2016 and has 150 machines worldwide. "The idea is to make people happy," said Kristan Leroy, director of Short Edition, "There is too much unhappiness today."

（1）What do we know about the stories sent by dispensers?

A.They are expensive.

B.They are short in form.

C.They can be read on smartphones.

D.They are mainly taken from magazine literature.

（2）Where can you find the popularity of story dispensers in America?

A.In paragraph 3.

B.In paragraph 4.

C.In paragraph 5.

D.In paragraph 6.

（3）Which is the main purpose of setting up the dispensers according to Andrew Nurkin?

A.To get rid of people's smartphone addiction.

B.To reduce the financial stress of libraries.

C.To make people have access to literature.

D.To advertise the network literature.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.Online Reading: a Virtual Tour

B.Short Edition, a French Publisher

C.Everything Old Will Be Popular Again

D.Taste of Literature, at the Push of a Button

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们可以通过多种途径读到小说，例如书籍、杂志等。为了能够在快新闻时代和智能手机成瘾的时代复兴文学，法国文学出版商Short Edition 过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和政府办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。这样人们能更容易地接触文学，以此提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的

创造力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“when a button is pushed, a short story is printed”可知，按下按钮，就会打印出一篇短篇小说，因此小说在形式上是简短的。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“he …placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be found in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, including at the Los Angeles International Airport.”可知，在旧金山的Cafe Zoetrope有一台小说分发机，其他一些城市的公共图书馆也宣布将安装小说分发机。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的校园里有一台小说分发机。在佛罗里达州有一些小说分发机。在洛杉矶国际机场也将有更多的小说分发机。因此在第3段中可以看出小说分发机在美国受人欢迎。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“We want people to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children and inspire their creativity.”可知，Andrew Nurkin说：“我们希望人们能够很容易地接触到文学。我们希望提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。”因此，在Andrew Nurkin看来，设置小说分发机的主要目的是使人们有机会接触文学。故案选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Stories are shared in many ways. They are described…”可知，文章提出的话题是阅读小说；第二段中的“Short Edition… has set up more than 30 story dispensers in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices.”可知，法国文学出版商Short Edition过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和政府办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

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That's the idea behind CollegePoint, an initiative to help gifted students go to schools that match their intellectual(智力的)ability. When a high school student takes a standardized test—the PSAT, SAT or ACT——and they score in the 90th percentile, and their families make less than$80, 000 a year, they get an email from the program offering them a free adviser. The advisers listen, guide and answer students'questions.

Connor Rechtzigel, an adviser in Minnesota, sees the importance of his role, for research shows that low-income students are far more likely to undermatch because they don't think they have what it takes to get in and because many don't even know what schools are out there. He helped high school senior Justice Benjamin, the first in his family to apply to college, think about what his

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