2020届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试1月英语试题(解析版)

中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020年1月测试

英语试卷

本试卷共150分，考试时间100分钟。

第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分)

A

Four of the Oldest Buildings in the World

Knap of Howar

One of the oldest buildings in the world is the Knap of Howar, which dates back to 3700-3500 BCE.The farmhouse is one of the oldest, still-standing stone houses in Europe. It includes two stone homes linked through a hidden passage and joint walls. Archaeologists say Irish or Scottish monks could be the first builders and residents of the Knap of Howar. Although the house is still standing, these abandoned places around the world are better candidates for restoration.

?gantija Temples

The Megalithic Temples of Malta, or the ?gantija Temples, date back to 3600 to 3200 BCE. The two temples on the island of Malta are UNESCO World Heritage sites. It’s one of the oldest free-standing monuments in the world. Archaeologists think the temple was used for ritual animal sacrifices.

Shunet el-Zebib

Shunet el-Zebib is partially standing, but mostly in ruins. It’s still, however, one of the oldest buildings in the world. The Egyptian temple built in 2750 BCE is of mud and brick. It has an underground tomb as well as an above-ground complex. Architecturally, it’s a nod to the Egyptian pyramids soon to come.

Tomb of Cyrus

Built in 530 BCE, the Tomb of Cyrus is one of Iran’s World Heritage Sites and one of the oldest buildings on the pla net. It’s also believed to be one of the first earthquake-protected structures in the world, according to Atlas Obscura. The base isolating used on the tomb protects the main structure from moving apart from the foundation.

1. What do the four buildings have in common?

A. All of them are located in Europe.

B. All of them are made of stone and mud.

C. All of them are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

D. All of them were built before the birth of Christ.

2. Which of the four buildings may be the strongest?

A. Knap of Howar.

B. ?gantija Temples.

C. Shunet el-Zebib.

D. Tomb of Cyrus.

3. Which of the following is True according to the passage?

A. Shunet el-Zebib is earthquake protected.

B. Tomb of Cyrus has an underground tomb.

C. ?gantija Temples are built by Irish m onks.

D. Knap of Howar may be the oldest building among the four.

【答案】1. D 2. D 3. D

【解析】

这是篇说明文。短文介绍了世界上最古老的四座建筑。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。由Knap of Howar 中的

“ One of the oldest buildings in the world is the Knap of Howar, which dates back to 3700-3500 BCE”. ?gant ija Temples 中的“

The Megalithic Temples of Malta, or the ?gantija Temples, date back to 3600 to 3200 BCE”.

Shunet el-Zebib 中的“The Egyptian temple built in 2750 BCE is of mud and brick”. Tomb of Cyrus 中的“Built in 530 BCE, the Tomb of Cyrus is one of Iran’s Wo rld Heritage Sites and one of the oldest buildings on the planet ”可知，世界上最古老的建筑之一是 霍沃尔小山，它可以追溯到公元前3700-3500年。马耳他的巨石神庙，或称“甘蒂亚神庙”，可追溯到公元前3600年至3200年。埃及神庙建于公元前2750年，由泥土和砖块建成。塞勒斯墓建于公元前530年，是伊朗的世界遗产之一，也是地球上最古老的建筑之一。所以这四座建筑共同之处是所有这些建筑都是在基督诞出生之前建造的。故选D 项。

【2题详解】

推理判断题。由 Tomb of Cyrus 中的“ It’s also believed to be one of the first earthquake -protected structures in the world, according to Atlas Obscura. The base isolating used on the tomb protects the main structure from moving apart from the foundation”可知，据阿特拉斯·蒙斯卡(Atlas Obsura )称，它也被认为是世界上最早的抗震建筑之一。坟墓上使用的地基隔离层保护主体结构不会从地基上移动。由此推断出，赛勒斯墓是四个建筑中最结实的建筑。故选D 项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。由Knap of Howar中的“ One of the oldest buildings in the world is the Knap of Howar, which dates back to 3700-3500 BCE”可知，世界上最古老的建筑之一是霍沃尔小山，它可以追溯到公元前3700-3500年。所以霍沃尔小山是这四幢建筑中最古老的。故选D项。

B

In the summer of 2010, Deborah Barrett and her son, Anthony, walked out of a restaurant near the Edmonton high school from which he’d graduated two years earlier. They had volunteered to wash dishes there to give Anthony something to do, but when they went out, the sun sliced through the clouds and Deborah had a realization: my kid is not spending his life in a dish pit.

Cleaning plates isn’t the only option for high-school graduates. But Anthony has autism(自闭症)and is mostly non-verbal, aside from short words in answer to yes-or-no questions and the Eeeee sounds he makes when he’s excited, happy or frustrated. Once a person with intellectual disabilities ages out of school, “There’s no life for them,” Deborah says. Programs end, and jobs are usually humble.

As her son entered his 20s, Deborah thought about what he could do and what he enjoyed. Among his likes: being driven around and carrying things, as well as seeing new places but not staying long. Maybe he could be a courier? The catch: Anthony doesn’t move fast, and courier jobs would require his support staff to be his driver and co-worker.

That wasn’t an issue for Mike Hamm. In 2012, he became Anthony’s new assistant and embraced the plan of spending part of their days delivering packages as a team. The pair called their venture Anthony at Your Service, signed a few customers and set out in Hamm’s lorry.

Seven years later, boxes awaiting distribution are piled on the porch of the home. Anthony, 30, shares with Deborah and her husband, David, a lawyer. The company now has two-dozen delivery teams — each comprising a contractor with an intellectual disability and their support-worker contractor — in Edmonton and Calgary.

Launching a company that employs 24 contractors with intellectual disabilities, and all the logistics that come along with that, wasn’t the original plan, Deborah says. But the realities of delivery work — the peaks and valleys in demand, the long hours —meant that Anthony and Hamm couldn’t shoulder the load alone.A nd the feedback she received from Alberta’s autistic and intellectually disabled communities suggested they wanted to work for a company that understood them.

Running Anthony at Your Service has become Deborah’s full-time, and she gave up her psychotherapy practice

and the presidency of Autism Society Alberta a couple years ago. “What I’m doing for Anthony now has made more difference in his life than any of that other work,” she says. “We want to create jobs for people with all kinds of abilities and disab ilities.”

4. What’s the future of the persons with intellectual disabilities according to Deborah?

A. They will lose their lives.

B. They will get well-paid jobs.

C. They will clean plates in restaurants.

D. They will find it hard to find a decent job.

5. What does the underlined word “courier” mean in the 3 rd paragraph?

A. Accountant.

B. Barber.

C. Deliveryman.

D. Engineer.

6. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. David launched the company for his son.

B. Anthony’s contractors are mainly disabled.

C. Deborah gave up her original job unwillingly.

D. Mike Hamm is an intellectually disabled person.

7. Which of the following words can best describe Deborah Barrett?

A. Accessible.

B. Caring.

C. Humorous.

D. Modest.

【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B

【解析】

这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了Deborah和患有自闭症的儿子Anthony，随着Anthony年龄的增长，Deborah 为了Anthony能够更好的生存，创建了“安东尼为您服务”快递公司，公司雇佣的员工主要是患有智能障碍的人。她为这些患有智能障碍的人创造了良好的就业机会。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。由第二段“Once a person with intellectual disabilities ages out of school, “There’s no life for them,” Deborah says. Programs end, and jobs are usually humble”可知，一旦一个患有智能障碍的人离开了学校，“他们无法生活，”Deborah说。他们所从事的工作也很不起眼。所以根据Deborah 的说法，患有智能障碍的人的未来是他们会发现很难找到一份体面的工作。故选D项。

【5题详解】

词义猜测题。由第四段“In 2012, he became Anthony’s new assistant and embraced the plan of spending part of the ir days delivering packages as a team ”可知，2012年，他成为了安东尼的新助手，并欣然接受了这个计划，他们的一部分时间用来运送包裹。通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第三段划线的单词“courier”是Deliveryman“送货员”。故选C项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。由第四段和倒数第二段“The company now has two-dozen delivery teams —each comprising a contractor with an intellectual disability and their support-worker contractor .Launching a company that employs 24 contractors with intellectual disabilities”可知，该公司现在有24个送货团队，每个团队由一名患有智能障碍的人和他们的辅助工人组成。公司雇佣了24名智障员工。由此推断出，Anthony所雇佣的员工大部分都是残疾人。故选B项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。由倒数第二段以及最后一段“And the feedback she received from Alberta’s autistic and intellectually disabled communities suggested they wanted to work for a company that understood them. We want to create jobs for people with all kinds of abilities and disabilities”可知，Deborah从阿尔伯塔省孤独症和智障社区得到的反馈信息表明，他们希望为一家理解他们的公司工作。Deborah想为有各种能力和有残疾的人创造就业机会。所以Deborah能够理解这些智障人的困难，并为他们提供了良好的就业机会。由此判断出Deborah有同情心的且乐于助人的。故选B项。

C

Jellyfish are unusual creatures. They’re neither fish nor jelly. Some are among the most colourful creatures in the world, but it’s b est to look but not touch these invertebrates(无脊椎动物). Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly. Whether you admire them in an aquarium or try to avoid them in the wild, you won’t be able to get these fascinating jellyfish facts out of your head.

Here’s a jellyfish fact that might come in handy: There are several names for a group of jellyfish. They include smack, bloom, and swarm. Choose the word you prefer depending on whether you think the jellyfish pack looks like a garden of blooming flowers or more like a frightening pack of stingers, and whether you’re admiring them at an aquarium or if you and your fellow snorkelers are surrounded.

Jellyfish have two main forms in their life cycle that look quite different from each other. Scientific American

explains that an adult jellyfish, called a medusa, has a bell-shaped body with tentacles(触须)flowing down below it. Young jellyfish, called polyps, look more like sea anemones, with shorter tentacles that flow up above the main body. Medusas reproduce by releasing eggs.

Melanie Roberts, Senior Aquarist at SeaWorld Orlando, says that the largest jellyfish in the world is a lion’s mane jellyfish. The body of this beautiful orange jelly can grow up to three feet in diameter. With its 12,000 tentacles that can grow 120 feet long, https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d29820828.html, adds that the lion’s mane jelly compares in size to the planet’s largest animal: the blue whale.

Regardless of their size, jellyfish are mostly made of water. In fact, they’re about 95 per cent water.These creatures don’t have brains, blood, or bones. And most jellyfish don’t have eyes. Jellyfish also use their mouths both for eating and for waste removal.

8. Why can’t we touch jellyfish?

A. Because they may be stung.

B. Because they may die easily.

C. Because they may feel painful.

D. Because they may hurt people.

9. What are jellyfish named after?

A. Its size.

B. Its color.

C. Its appearance.

D. Its lifestyle.

10. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Mouth is an important organ for jellyfish.

B. Polyps can clone themselves by laying eggs.

C. The largest jellyfish in the world is 120 feet long.

D. Medusas have tentacles flowing up above the body.

11. What can be the best title of the passage?

A Several facts about jellyfish.

B. The two main forms of jellyfish.

C. Jellyfish are neither fish nor jelly.

D. Jellyfish have many different names.

【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. A

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于水母的一些信息。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。由第一段“Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly ”可知，水母不仅是非常脆弱的生物，而且很多水母会刺痛人类，有些甚至是致命的。所以为什么我们不能触摸水母是因为他们可能会伤害人。故选D 项。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。由第二段“Choose the word you prefer depending on whether you think the jellyfish pack looks like a garden of blooming flowers or more like a frightening pack of stingers ”可知，选择你更喜欢的

词取决于你认为水母群看起来像一个盛开的花园还是更像一群可怕的刺。所以水母是以它的外表命名的。故选C 项。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。由最后段“Jellyfish also use their mouths both for eating and for waste removal ” 可知，水母还利用它们的嘴来进食和清除废物。所以我们能从这篇文章中学到嘴是水母重要的器官。故选A 项。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。由第一段，第二段,第三段,第四段“Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly . Her e’s a jellyfish fact that might come in handy. Jellyfish have two main forms in their life cycle that look quite different from each other. Melanie Roberts, Senior Aquarist at SeaWorld Orlando, says that the largest jellyfish in the world is a lion’s mane jellyfish ”可知，它们不仅是非常脆弱的生物，而且很多会刺痛你，有些甚至是致命的。这是一个关于水母的事实，可能会派上用场。水母在它们的生命周期中有两种主要的形态，它们看起来非常不同。奥兰多海洋世界的资深动物检疫员梅勒妮·罗伯茨说，世界上最大的水母是狮鬃水母。所以短文从不同的角度介绍了水母的一些信息。所以短文的最佳标题为“关于水母的几条信息”。故选A 项。 【点睛】短文通常围绕一个中心思想展开。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来。这就要求学生学会归纳概括。

由第一段，第二段,第三段,第四段“Not only are they very fragile creatures, but many give a painful sting, and some are even deadly . Here’s a jellyfish fact that might come in handy. Jellyfish have two main forms in their life cycle that look quite different from each other. Melanie Roberts, Senior Aquarist at SeaWorld Orlando, says that the largest

jellyfish in the world is a lion’s mane jellyfish”可知，它们不仅是非常脆弱的生物，而且很多会刺痛你，有些甚至是致命的。这是一个关于水母的事实，可能会派上用场。水母在它们的生命周期中有两种主要的形态，它们看起来非常不同。奥兰多海洋世界的资深动物检疫员梅勒妮·罗伯茨说，世界上最大的水母是狮鬃水母。所以短文从不同的角度介绍了水母的一些信息。所以短文的最佳标题为“关于水母的几条信息”。故小题4选A项。

D

Any time we burn fossil fuels, we’re pumping fine particulate matter(细颗粒物)from oil, gas and

other toxins(毒素)into the air. “Some of these carbon particles can persist in the lungs for decades,” says Dr. Don Sin, a respirologist and director of the Centre for Heart Lung Innovation in Vancouver.

Over 7,000 Canadians died from complications due to poor air quality in 2015. A study in the European Heart Journal earlier this year found that air pollution now kills 8.8 million people worldwide per year —more than tobacco smoking.

Sin adds that women’s lungs seem particularly easy to get cancer from pollution. Currently, 10,000

Canadian women die of lung cancer every year, and 15 per cent of new c ases are people who have never smoked. “In Canada, lung-cancer deaths in female non-smokers will very soon probably outnumber the deaths from breast cancer, because lung cancer is so deadly,” he says.

Contributing to air pollution are the 8,000 wildfires we experience every year in Canada, like those that destroyed large areas of Alberta this past spring. These are increasing in frequency and intensity with our hotter, drier spells. A study in the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine found that prescriptions for an asthma and COPD drug rose by 22 per cent in the Yellowknife region in the summer of 2014, when it was surrounded by wildfire smoke. The number of ER visits for breathing problems was 42 per cent higher; for children, it more than doubled.

Another threat to breathing is mould, which is a concern in areas with repeated flooding, such as around New Brunswick’s Saint John River, where floodwaters have been in homes for two years in a row and displaced more than 200 families. Moulds produce toxins and spores that can trigger allergic reactions or infections if taken in. Rising sea levels and increased urban development, combined with intense rainfalls, mean we will see a lot more of it.

To avoid breathing polluted air, wear a mask rated N95 — not a sur gical mask, which is useless, says Sin. “Those are too thin and easily torn. They won’t protect you at all from air particles.” On bad-air days,get your exercise indoors, for instance by walking in an air-conditioned mall.

12. Which of the following is True according to the passage?

A. 15 per cent of Canadian women have never smoked.

B. 1,000 Canadian women die of lung cancer every year.

C. Air pollution has killed 8.8 million people in the world.

D. Over 7,000 Canadians died as a result of air pollution in 2015.

13. What may cause the wildfires in Canada according to the passage?

A. Hot weather.

B. Cigarette end.

C. Dry plants.

D. Poor management.

14. What of the following is NOT a factor to produce moulds?

A. Sea levels rising.

B. Development of countryside.

C. Lots of rainfalls.

D. Growth of city.

15. What should be suggested to prevent breathing polluted air?

A. Wearing a surgical mask.

B. Taking exercise.

C. Walking indoors.

D. Sleeping longer hours.

【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了越来越多的加拿大人死于空气质量差引起的并发症，并介绍了造成呼吸并发症的原因以及为了避免呼吸被污染的空气，人们应该采取的措施。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。由第二段“Over 7,000 Canadians died from complications due to poor air quality in 2015 ”可知，在2015年，超过7000名加拿大人死于空气质量差引起的并发症。所以在2015年，超过7000名加拿大人死于空气污染。故选D项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段“These are increasing in frequency and intensity with our hotter, drier spells”可知，随着天气越来越热，越来越干燥，火灾发生的频率和强度都在增加。所以炎热的天气引起了加拿大的森林大火。故选A项。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。由倒数第二段“Another threat to breathing is mould, which is a concern in areas with repeated flooding. Rising sea levels and increased urban development, combined with intense rainfalls, mean we will see a lot more of it”可知，另一个对呼吸的威胁是霉菌，这是反复发生洪水的地区所关注的问题，海平面上升，城市发展加快，加上强降雨，意味着会产生更多的霉菌。所以B选项“ 乡村的发展”不是产生霉菌的因素。故选B项。【15题详解】

细节理解题。由最后一段“On bad-air days, get your exercise indoors, for instance by walking in an air-conditioned mall”可知，在空气不好的日子里，你可以在室内锻炼，比如在有空调的商场里散步。所以在室内散步可以防止吸入污染的空气。故选C项。

第二节(共共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

From time to time, even the most productive professionals procrastinate(拖延). When your tendency to procrastinate is starting to make your overall quality of work and life suffer, _____16_____. Here’s what Forbes Coaches Council members recommend doing to stop racing the clock.

Take the tiniest step possible

When you don’t feel motivated, take the smallest step possible toward your goal. After taking that step,you’re more likely to continue taking more steps toward that goal. _____17_____.

Give yourself a hard deadline, and then schedule it

The best way to overcome a natural tendency to procrastinate is to create a hard deadline for yourself and then put it on the calendar. _____18_____. Then honor it the same way you would if your boss were waiting for you to complete the task.

_____19_____

Become a detective or a scientist about your pattern of procrastinating. Notice your thoughts, feelings,behaviors and the situation when you feel like procrastinating. Write these down. Often perfectionism, which we may experience as anxiety, underlies the tendency to postpone action. Once you understand your pattern, you can hold yourself accountable in a positive and self-compassionate way.

Give yourself a reward for each task you complete

_____20_____. Then give yourself a little reward for doing it. (piece of candy, a few minutes on Social media, etc.). Then do something on your list that you want to do and continue alternating from there. This makes your tasks

less daunting.

A．Identify a positive outcome from your action

B．Treat the deadline the same as if your boss created it

C．Understand the underlying reasons you’re procrastinating

D．find a way to make overcoming procrastination interesting

E．it’s time to do a reality check and break yourself of the habit

F．Make a list of things you need to do and do the one you don’t want to do first

G．Instead of telling yourself to work out for an hour, say you’ll go for 10 minutes

【答案】16. E17. G

18. B19. C

20. F

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了做事时防止拖延的几点建议。

【16题详解】

由前句“When your tendency to procrastinate is starting to make your overall quality of work and life suffer ,”可知，当你拖延的倾向开始让你的工作和生活的整体质量受到影响时。所以选项要补充出when引导的时间状语从句的主句，来说明当你拖延的倾向开始让你的工作和生活的整体质量受到影响时，应该怎么做。故E选项“是时候做一个现实的检查，并改掉自己的习惯了”切题。故选E项。

【17题详解】

由前句“After taking that step, you’re more likely to continue taking more steps toward that goal”可知，在迈出这一步之后，你更有可能继续朝着那个目标前进。所以选项要具体说明，朝目标前进时应该怎么做。故G选项“与其告诉自己锻炼一个小时，不如说你要锻炼10分钟” 切题。故选G项。

【18题详解】

由后句“Then honor it the same way you would if your boss were waiting for you to complete the task ”可知，如果你的老板在等你完成任务，你也会这么做的。所以选项承接下文。故B选项“对待截止日期就像是你的老板设定的截止日期一样”切题。故选B项。

【19题详解】

由“Become a detective or a scientist about your pattern of procrastinating. Notice your thoughts, feelings, behaviors and the situation when you feel like procrastinating”可知，成为一个侦探或者科学家，研究一下你的拖延模式。

注意你的想法，感觉，行为和你想拖延的情况。所以本段主要在说弄明白你拖延的根本原因也就是选项本段的标题所要说明的内容。故C选项“弄明白你拖延的根本原因”切题。故选C项。

【20题详解】

由后句“Then give yourself a little reward for doing it ”可知，那就给自己一点奖励。所以选项承接下文。故F 选项“列出你需要做的事情，先做你不想做的事情”切题。故选F项。

第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分55分)

第一节(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

In the fall of 1968, I returned home from teaching Grades 1 through 3 in Newfoundland to teach Grades 1 and 2 in southern Manitoba. I felt the best way for my Prairie students to improve their ____21____ of life and culture on Newfoundland’s northern island was to become pen pals with the students there. One way for the children to

____22____ different cultures at the time was through writing, where asking questions could satisfy their

____23____. For students to have someone other than their teacher read their letters was a great ____24____ to write. The whole class in my Prairie school classroom had the ____25____ to have a pen pal from northern Newfoundland.

To set the stage, I introduced them to their pen pals using pictures and interesting ____26____, such as the boy who came to school ____27____ because their parents were in charge of the lighthouse, or the little girls playing a circle game chanting, “A Tisket, a Tasket, A Green and Yellow Basket.” There were ____28____ of lobsters cooking on the wood stove for the evening meals and baby seals crying on the ice floes in spring.____29____ most of my students were interested in the lives and ____30____ of these Newfoundland children,the writing lasted only a short while, ____31____ Eleanor, a Grade 2 student from the Prairies, and Lois, a Grade 3 student from northern Newfoundland. Eleanor and Loris wrote to each other from the ages of seven and eight ____32____, and kept in touch for almost two ____33____ before losing contact for a time. In 2003, I received an email from Lois, telling me that she had found Eleanor on Facebook and that they had ____34____. “Yes, it was ____35____ that I was to find Eleanor again,” wrote Lois.

Eleanor remembered that it had been exciting to find a ____36____in the mailbox with her name on https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d29820828.html,ter on, in their communication, they both ____37____ what they had in common, including Christian faith,values and the love of writing. They ____38____ stories of family experiences, dreams, children and professions.They were determined to keep in touch ____39____ the 4,737 kilometers, different cuisine and traditions thatseparated them.

Although they have not met ____40____, Eleanor and Lois are still in touch via e-mail. Lois now lives in St. John’s, while Eleanor lives in rural Manitoba.

21. A. admiration B. awareness C. desire D. influence

22. A. experience B. remember C. explain D. compare

23. A. demand B. needs C. curiosity D. expectation

24. A. encouragement B. qualification C. privilege D. reaction

25. A. honor B. record C. freedom D. opportunity

26. A. photos B. anecdotes C. movies D. conversations

27. A. by train B. by bike C. by plane D. by boat

28. A. tales B. blogs C. novels D. biographies

29. A. Although B. As C. When D. Since

30. A. districts B. habits C. surroundings D. hobbies

31. A. instead of B. except for C. in addition to D. as well as

32. A. rarely B. casually C. frequently D. temporarily

33. A. weeks B. months C. years D. decades

34. A. reconnected B. recovered C. retired D. resigned

35. A. amusing B. amazing C. awful D. abnormal

36. A. stamp B. gift C. newspaper D. letter

37. A. forgot B. missed C. tested D. recalled

38. A. appreciated B. shared C. read D. heard

39. A. beyond B. within C. despite D. beneath

40. A. in person B. on purpose C. at random D. in time

【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. C 31.

B 32.

C 33.

D 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。作者通过让孩子们通过写作的方式，成为笔友的方法使得自己家乡的孩子去提高他们对纽芬兰北部岛屿的生活和文化的认识，而在所有的孩子中埃莉诺和露易丝保持联系的时间最长，他们通过书信彼此分享着自己的故事。

【21题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得对我的Prairie学生来说，要提高他们对纽芬兰北部岛屿的生活和文化的认识，最好的方法就是和那里的学生成为笔友。A. admiration钦佩；B. awareness意识；C. desire愿望；D. influence影响。由“In the fall of 1968, I returned home from teaching Grades 1 through 3 in Newfoundland to teach Grades 1 and 2 in southern Manitoba ”可知，作者在1968年之前在纽芬兰岛任教，所以回到自己的家乡任教时，想提高学生对纽芬兰北部岛屿的生活和文化的认识。故选B项。

【22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种让孩子们体验不同文化的方法是通过写作，在写作中提问可以满足他们的好奇心。A. experience体验；B. remember记得；C. explain解释；D. compare对比。写作是让孩子们体验不同的文化的一种方法。故选A项。

【23题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种让孩子们了解不同文化的方法是通过写作，在写作中问问题可以满足他们的好奇心。A. demand要求；B. needs需要；C. curiosity好奇心；D. expectation期望。孩子具有很强的好奇心，所以在写作中问问题可以满足孩子们的好奇心。故选C项。

【24题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于学生来说，让老师以外的人来读他们的信对他们是一种极大的鼓励。A. encouragement鼓励；B. qualification资格；C. privilege权利；D. reaction反应。根据常识可以判断出，让老师以外的人来读孩子的信对孩子来说是一种极大的鼓励，尤其是他们写给的是不同文化中的笔友。故选A 项。

【25题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的Prairie 教室里，全班同学都有机会结识了来自纽芬兰北部的笔友。A. honor 荣耀；B. record记录；C. freedom自由；D. opportunity机会。写作是一种传达信息的方式，所以通过写信可以有机会结识了来自纽芬兰北部的笔友。故选D项。

【26题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用图片和有趣的东西向他们的笔友讲述一些轶事，比如男孩乘船来到学校,因为他们的父母是负责管理灯塔的,或小女孩玩一圈游戏高喊“A Tisket, a Tasket, A Green and Yellow Basket”。

A. photos照片；

B. anecdotes轶事；

C. movies电影；

D. conversations谈话。由“such as the boy who came to school ____7____ because their parents were in charge of the lighthouse, or the little girls playing a circle game chanting ”可知，作者用图片和有趣的东西向他们的笔友讲述一些轶事。故选B项。

【27题详解】

考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我用图片和有趣的东西向他们的笔友讲述一些轶事，比如男孩乘船来到学校,因为他们的父母是负责管理灯塔,或小女孩玩一圈游戏高喊“A Tisket, a Tasket, A Green and Yellow Basket”。A. by train乘火车；B. by bike骑车；C. by plane坐飞机；D. by boat乘船。由“because their parents were in charge of the lighthouse ”可知，男孩乘船来到学校,因为他们的父母是负责管理灯塔的。故选D项。【28题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些故事是关于龙虾在柴炉上煮着吃，春天海豹宝宝在浮冰上哭泣。A. tales故事；B. blogs博客；C. novels小说；D. biographies传记。由“lobsters cooking on the wood stove for the evening meals and baby seals crying on the ice floes in spring” 可知，有些故事是关于龙虾在柴炉上煮着吃，春天海豹宝宝在浮冰上哭泣。故选A项。

【29题详解】

考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的大多数学生都对纽芬兰这些孩子的生活和环境感兴趣，但除了Prairie 地区的二年级学生埃莉诺和纽芬兰北部的三年级学生露易丝之外，其他学生的写作时间都很短。A. Although 尽管；B. As当……时；C. When当……时；D. Since自从。分析句意可知，本句为although引导的让步状语从句。故选A项。

【30题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的大多数学生都对纽芬兰这些孩子的生活和环境感兴趣，但除了Prairie 地区的二年级学生埃莉诺和纽芬兰北部的三年级学生露易丝之外，其他学生的写作时间都很短。A. districts 地区；B. habits习惯；C. surroundings环境；D. hobbies爱好。由“most of my students were interested in the lives” 可知，大多数学生都对纽芬兰这些孩子的生活和环境感兴趣。故选C项。

【31题详解】

考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：虽然我的大多数学生都对纽芬兰这些孩子的生活和环境感兴趣，但除了Prairie地区的二年级学生埃莉诺和纽芬兰北部的三年级学生露易丝之外，其他学生的彼此写作时间都很短。

A. instead of而不是；

B. except for除了；

C. in addition to除……之外；

D. as well as也，和。由下文可知，埃莉诺和露易丝保持了20年的联系，可知，除了他们两个人，其他人的彼此写作时间都很短。故选B项。【32题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：埃莉诺和露易丝在七岁和八岁时候经常通信，在失去联系之前他们保持了近20年的联系。A. rarely稀少地B. casually偶然地；C. frequently频繁地；D. temporarily暂时地。埃莉诺和露易丝在七岁和八岁的时候经常通信，可见两个人在开始的时候就保持了很好的友谊关系，才使得他们的联

系保持了20年。故选C项。

【33题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃莉诺和露易丝在七岁和八岁的时候经常通信，在失去联系之前他们保持了近20年的联系。A. weeks周；B. months 月；C. years年；D. decades十年。埃莉诺和露易丝是保持联系时间最正常的，且由“2003年”可以判断出在失去联系之前他们保持了近20年的联系。故选D项。

【34题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：2003年，我收到露易丝的一封电子邮件，告诉我她在Facebook上找到了埃莉诺，他们重新取得了联系。A. reconnected重新联系；B. recovered恢复；C. retired退休；D. resigned辞职。由“he had found Eleanor on Facebook ”可知，埃莉诺和露易丝重新取得了联系。故选A项。

【35题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，我又找到了埃莉诺，这太令人惊讶了，露易丝写道。A. amusing有趣的；

B. amazing令人惊讶的；

C. awful可怕的；

D. abnormal不正常的。埃莉诺和露易丝失去联系，又重新取得了联系，这令人惊讶。故选B项。

【36题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃莉诺还记得，在邮箱里发现一封写有她名字的信是件令人兴奋的事。A. stamp 邮票；B. gift礼物；C. newspaper报纸；D. letter信。由“in the mailbox”可知，在邮箱里发现的自然是信。故选D项。

【37题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，在他们的交流中，他们都回忆起他们的共同之处，包括基督教信仰、价值观和对写作的热爱。A. forgot忘记；B. missed 想念；C. tested测试；D. recalled回想起。由“including Christian faith, values and the love of writing ”可知，在他们的交流中，他们都回忆起他们的共同之处，包括基督教信仰、价值观和对写作的热爱。故选D项。

【38题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们分享家庭经历、梦想、孩子和职业的故事。A. appreciated欣赏；B. shared 分享；C. read读；D. heard听。由“stories of family experiences, dreams, children and professions”可知，他们通过书信分享着关于自己的故事。故选B项。

【39题详解】

考查介词词义辨析。句意：他们决心保持联系，尽管他们相距4737公里，不同的美食和传统把他们分隔开来。A. beyond超越；B. within在……内；C. despite尽管；D. beneath在……下面。尽管他们相距4737公里，

不同的美食和传统把他们分隔开来，但是他们决心保持联系。故选C项。

【40题详解】

考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：虽然他们还没有见面，埃莉诺和露易丝仍然通过电子邮件联系。A. in person 亲自；B. on purpose故意地；C. at random任意地；D. in time及时。由“ Lois now lives in St. John’s, while Eleanor lives in rural Manitoba”可知，两个人住在不同的地方，虽然他们还没有见面，埃莉诺和露易丝仍然通过电子邮件联系。故选A项。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

After studying a group of healthy individuals for more than 10 years, researchers at the University of Texas

____41____ (discover) that those who scored ____42____ (poor) on five simple medical tests were 20

times____43____(likely) to develop heart disease than those with good results. The tests are not all

standard,____44____ the results will give you a much better and earlier sense of your heart disease risk than the traditional ____45____ (rely) on blood pressure and cholesterol levels. They can help you change your habits as

____46____ (need) to protect your heart for life. If you smoke, are overweight, have a family history of heart problems, or have any other risk ____47____ (factor), ask your doctor about these tests. A standard, 12-lead electrocardiogram, also known ____48____an EKG, is non-invasive, painless, and usually takes only five to ten minutes. It’s considered one of the best ways ____49____ (assess) heart disease risk. Your doctor will place 10 small electrodes ____50____ m easure your heart’s electrical activity on your limbs and chest and will detect any abnormal rhythms and other dangerous cardiovascular conditions.

【答案】41. discovered

42. poorly 43. more likely

44. but 45. reliance

46. needed 47. factors

48. as 49. to assess

50. that/ which

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。德克萨斯大学的研究人员对一组健康的人进行了十多年的研究，发现那些在五项简单的医学测试中得分较低的人患心脏病的几率是那些得分较高的人的20倍。

【41题详解】

考查时态。分析句子可知，本句为对过去情况的描述，所以本句为一般过去时，主语为researchers at the University of Texas ，谓语为discovered 。 故填discovered 。

【42题详解】

考查副词。poorly 为副词修饰动词scored 。故填poorly 。

【43题详解】

考查形容词比较级。由“than ”可知，应该使用likely 的

比较级more likely 。故填more likely 。

【44题详解】

考查连词。分析句意“这些检测并不都是标准的，但与传统的依赖血压和胆固醇水平的检测方法相比，检测结果会让你更早更好地了解自己患心脏病的风险” 可知，前后语意表示转折关系，所以连词为but 。故填but 。

【45题详解】

考查名词。traditional 为形容词修饰名词reliance 。reliance 为不可数名词。 故填reliance 。

【46题详解】

考查状语从句的省略句。分析句子可知。本句为as 引导的时间状语从句的省略句，还原为：they are needed to protect your heart for life. 因从句主语与主句主语相同，且谓语为be done 形式，所以主语与be 动词可以被省略。故填needed 。

【47题详解】

考查名词复数。any other 后接名词，factor 为可数名词,本句中指多种因素，所以用factor 的复数factors 。故填factors 。

【48题详解】 考查介词。由“an EKG ”可知，be known as“ 作为……而出名”符合句意，本句为形容词短语作定语。故填as 。

【49题详解】

考查动词不定式。way 后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to assess 。

【50题详解】

考查关系代词。分析句子可知,此处是限定性定语从句，small electrodes 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词为that/ which 引导。 故填that/ which 。

【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：

(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who 或whom ，指人时通常不用which 等。

(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。

(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。

分析小题10的句子可知，10 small electrodes为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词为that/ which。故填that/ which。

第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)

51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。

With the environment pollution became more and more serious, everyone should act to save the earth.To protect our environment, there are many things we can do it. First, it is of great important to raise the awareness of environmental protection. Addition, we can begin from very little things in your daily life. For example, we should not litter and spit or the garbage should be sorted. Finally, more and more people should be involving in the activity. We should use recycled bags instead of plastic ones. And riding bicycles is good choice. Not only should we go green, what calls on us to use environment-friendly products, but also we should persuade more people around us to develop renewable resource.

【答案】1. became→becoming

2.去掉it

3.important→importance

4.Addition→Additionally

5.your→our

6.or→and

7.involving→involved

8.is后加a

9.what→which

10.resource→resources

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文明。短文介绍了保护环境的一些措施。

【详解】第一处：考查现在分词。分析句子可知，本句为with的复合结构，the environment pollution 与become 在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故将became改成becoming。

第二处：考查及物动词。many things为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作do的宾语。故去掉it。

第三处：考查名词。本句为be of +抽象名词的用法。为be of importance to sb.故将important改成importance。第四处：考查副词。Additionally为副词修饰整个句子，置于句首。故将Addition改成Additionally。

第五处：考查代词。分析句意可知，另外，我们可以从我们的日常生活中的小事做起。且主语为we, 所以形容词性物主代词为our。故将your改成our。

第六处：考查连词。分析句子可知，前后语意为并列关系，所以用and连接。故将or改成and。

第七处：考查固定短语。be involved in“ 参与……”为固定短语。故将involving改成involved。

第八处：考查冠词。choice为可数名词，表示泛指，且good首字母的发音为辅音音素，所以用不定冠词a 来修饰。故将is后加a。

第九处：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，本句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子。故将what改成which。

第十处：考查名词复数。resource“资源”为可数名词，常用复数形式。故将resource改成resources。

第二节书面表达(满分25分)

52.假如你是高三学生李华，请你写一封邀请信，邀请著名学者Gavin Black 来学校开展主题为“关于中国传统文化对影视剧的重要影响”的讲座，内容要点如下：

1．讲座主题：传统文化对影视剧的重要影响；

2．讲座对象：本校学生；

3．讲座时间：10 月30 日上午10 点；

4．讲座地点：学校礼堂。

注意：1．字数100 左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020 年 5 月测试 英语试卷 本试卷共150 分，考试时间100 分钟。 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60 分） 第一节（共15 小题；每小题 3 分，满分45 分） A Summer is that time of this year 2019 when everyone looks to escape from the boring activities of life. So bring your kids to join us to have fun in the summer camp. Outdoor Word Game: All you need to do is setting up many huge letters that can be easily moved. These letters will help kids spell out certain words. Teenagers would also love something like this as it gives them the opportunity to invest their time in learning new words. Spray Painting: To bring out the creativity in a person, an activity centered on spray painting is the perfect way to get those creative juices flowing. All you need to do is providing plain white T-shirts and some cans of colored spray paint. It will be quite surprising to see some of the original ideas that will flow from individuals. Outdoor Twister: A person will be in charge of monitoring the game and will call out colors which can be placed outdoors. Participants have the task of placing either their hands or legs on the same color. A fun and exciting game focuses on hand-eye coordination（协调）. The Maze（迷宫）: One of the funniest games is the hallway maze game where a maze is constructed from either toilet paper or strings of paper. The chosen participant is then asked to make his way through the maze within a limited time without touching paper. This is one of the best and entertaining summer camp ideas for kids and adults also. 1.Which activity most probably needs some imagination? A．Outdoor Word Game. B．Spray Painting. C．Outdoor Twister. D．The Maze. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.The maze is made of toilet paper in The Maze. B.You have to spray juice on your T-shirt in Spray Painting. C.Outdoors Twister tests whether you are good at controlling your body movement. D.You have to bring some huge letters to play in Outdoor Word Games. 3.Who is the article intended for? A.Parents. B．Children. C．Teachers. D．Teenagers. B What makes a person sexy? Looks, talent, public image and how we accordingly view their personality all play into why we find ourselves attracted to certain celebrities and public figures. Every year, People put it all together when they name their “Sexiest Man Alive”. This year, the magazine decided that United States musician John Roger Stephens, better known as John Legend, has the full package. The title comes following some impressive achievements for the 40-year-old. He is among the youngest people to win an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony award, and the first African-American man to win all four of them. With numerous awards and nominations, an Ivy-League degree, and a handsome face, Legend has gained huge popularity worldwide. However, his dedication to family life maybe what wins over many. After getting married to US model Chrissy Teigen in 2013, Legend is the father of one son and one daughter. He’s not shy about telling the world their love is permanent. On the inside of Legend’s arm, there is a tattoo that says “Chrissy Luna Miles”, the names of his wife and children. In fact, Legend has gained strength from his family since childhood. He still remembers the days when his family would gather around his grandmoth er’s piano to sing Christmas songs. This inspired his passion for music. His best-known single, All of Me, is a love song to his wife. When he performed it at the 2014 Grammy Awards, many were touched by his delicate voice and the deep love beneath. “The more you know someone, the more you’re inspired by your relationship,” Legend told LA Confidential Magazine. “You have to grow enough to be able to write that song with sincerity and authenticity.” Despite his onstage confidence, Legend had to work to become a legend. As a teenager, he was the smallest kid in class. “I was always less mature, less at ease socially. I had plenty of awkward times,” he told People. “Most of your teenage years, into your twenties, you’re still figuring out who you are, how you present yourself to the world ... Eventually, I think you get more at ease with yourself.” Indeed, knowing who you are and be yourself could be the real key to attractiveness. 4.What plays the biggest part in making Legend popular worldwide? A．High-level education. B．Handsome look. C．Efforts put in family. D．Talent in music. 5.What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A.Legend’s hobby as a boy. B.Legend’s family members.

清华大学2021届9月中学生标准学术能力测试--英语

清华大学2021届9月中学生标准学术能力测试 英语试卷 本试卷共150分，考试时间100分钟。 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Keeping everyone happy is one of the greatest challenges for any globe-travelling family. Yet with its contrasting blend of gorgeous public green spaces and children-friendly cultural experiences, Abu Dhabi is a win-win for parents and kids alike. Qasr Al Hosn and Cultural Foundation Young minds find plenty to be inspired at Qasr Al Hosn and the Cultural Foundation: neighboring landmarks that preserve the rich cultural heritage of Abu Dhabi. Since the 1790s, Qasr Al Hosn has served as palace and seat of power. Today, surrounded by modern tower s, it is a reminder of the city’s incredible growth. The Cultural Foundation was known as a place to foster cultural exchange, a mission that continues today with an inspiring program of exhibitions and performances. Umm Al Emarat Park There’s no shortage of green spaces in downtown Abu Dhabi, but few are as beautiful as Umm Al Emarat: a vast extent of lawns, date palms, and winding walkways. Since 2015, the park features an indoor Botanic Garden and dedicated Children’s Garden, as well as a nearly 100-foot high Shade House with two viewing platforms overlooking the greenery. On Saturdays, the park is home to The Ripe Market filled with fresh organic and local produce. Events such as outdoor cinema and concerts keep families entertained all year round. Reem Central Park Art and architecture exist side by side in Reem Central Park, a huge public space in the heart of the city where families and friends come to relax. Contemporary art installations （装置）and dancing fountains are dotted around the park. It’s a mu lticultural scene, where locals and visitors from all over the world relax on neat lawns and playgrounds, catch air at the skate park, and gather at restaurants and food trucks serving delicious snacks. 1． Which place has the political function? A ．Qasr Al Hosn. B ．Reem Central Park. C ．Cultural Foundation. D ．Umm Al Emarat Park. 2．What is the special part of Umm Al Emarat Park? A ．It has dancing fountains. B ．It serves delicious snacks. C ．It has an indoor Botanic Garden. D ．It is a reminder of the city’s incredible growth. 3．What do these places have in common? A ．They have a long history. B ．They are modern architectures. C ．They are the center of shopping. D ．They can bring cultural experiences. B The late, great Kobe Bryant may have been most famous for his basketball skills, but people in any field can draw inspiration from his constant commitment to self-improvement. As the world reacts to Kobe Bry ant’s tragic passing on January 26, 2020, his massive influence extends far beyond the sports world. He wasn’t just a record -setting basketball player, devoted father, and Oscar-winning producer. His work spirit, unwavering motivation, and constant commitment to self-improvement made him stand out among his contemporaries. Case in point: his art of calling successful businesspeople — often ones he’d never even met before — and picking their brains about how they became successful. He was willing to put the legwork into growing his success, even if it meant admitting that he always had lots more to learn. In a 2014 interview with Bloomberg , Bryant described his process and name-dropped some of the people to whom he’d reached out. “I want to know more about how they build their businesses and how they run their companies and how they see the world,” he said. At the time, he was building his company, Kobe Inc. “Some of the questions that I’ll ask will seem really, really simple and stupid, quite honestly, for them,” he admitted. “But if I don’t know, I don’t know. You have to ask.” Humbling, maybe, but necessary. Who were some of these successful people that the already-very-successful Kobe Bryant so looked up to? To name a few: Oprah Winfrey, Mark Parker and president and CEO of Nike. Three years ago, Lowercase Capital founder Chris Sacca described his own interactions with Bryant. Sacca said he told Bryant to “do his homework” on investing — and, sure enough, Bryant went above and beyond. “For the next few months my ph one never stops buzzing in the middle of the night,” Sacca said on The Bill Simmons Podcast . “It’s Kobe, reading this article, checking out t his tweet, following this guy, diving into this TED Talk.” Clearly, this was someone unafraid to give his all. Though it might make his passing even more heartbreaking, Bryant’s constant desire to do more and be better is inspiring for sure. While the rest of us may not be able to just dial up Oprah or high-profile CEOs, we can certainly follow his example in other ways. We can surround ourselves with other motivated people that we can learn from, and not be afraid to ask potentially embarrassing questions if we know they’ll help us. 4．What made Kobe Bryant superior to other people of similar age? A ．His skills in playing basketball. B ．His responsibility for his family.