高考英语阅读理解细节题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解细节题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解题型中常见的题目设置包括主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题等四大题型。细节理解题一直是考查重点，且该题型的难度逐年上升，但只要考生掌握了此种题型的命题特点和应对办法，再难的题目也会迎刃而解。

阅读理解细节题命题特点

1. 直接信息题

在高考英语阅读理解试题中，假如答题信息可以直接从文中获取，我们称之为直接信息题。直接信息题常用特殊疑问词when、where、who、what、why 和how 等来提问，只要在做题时针对所问内容进行标记，此类型题目很容易找到答案。可以说直接信息题是高中英语阅读理解题目中最简单、最容易得分的题型。

2.归纳概括题

在高考英语阅读理解试题中，假如在答题时需要对文中两个或多个信息点进行归纳总结概括，我们称之为归纳概括题。

3.语意转换题

在高考英语阅读理解试题中，如果正确的选项是对文中信息进行了同义的转换，比如用近义词替换原文词语或用近义的短语进行文中信息的替换，我们称之为语意转换题。语意转换题有时候选项与原文语句在表达上存在较大差异，需要进行对比和整理后才能得出正确选项，此类题目相对其他阅读题型而言，难度较大。

4.数字计算题

在高考英语阅读理解试题中，假如在答题时需要对文中提供的数字进行简单的计算才可得出答案，我们称之为数字计算题。无论哪种类型的细节题，我们在弄清楚题目所问之后，为保证该题型的答题准确率，关键在于把握住文章事实和细节，同时，抓住文章事实和细节也是做好其他类型题的基础。细节题常见的题目设置为：

①What can we learn about... from the passage?

②According to the passage, the...

③All the following is mentioned in the passage EXCEPT...

④Which of the following is the correct order of…

⑤How many did the...?

⑥What should we do about...?

几种干扰项设置方法

1. 偷换概念

把原文中关键词或限定词去掉或用其他词进行替换。使干扰选项看似与原文意思接近，实际却大相径庭，看似正确，实际却是错误选项。

2.张冠李戴

本是张三做的事情推到李四身上，如若不够小心就会误选。这时候一定要看清文中与选项中的对象是否—致。

3.把未果当结果

出题人改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情，把未果当成结果。

4.文不对题

选项中的描述与原文完全一致，的确是原文中的一个细节，它描述的是一个事实，但却不符合题目推理判断得岀结论的要求。这时候就要回到题干，明确应选择的选项是依据原文所给信息推理判断出来的内容。

细节理解题答案设置特点

1. 换词法

对原文句子中的关键词进行近义词或近义短语的替换，把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。

2.简化语言法

把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。

3.变换语态法

把原文中描述事实的语态进行转化，如原文使用的是被动语态，而在选项中转化成主动语态，使选项成为正确答案，但给考生制造了障碍。

4.正话反说法

把原文中句子的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项，常用于“选择错误的选项”这种题型中。

各种文体的命题规律

1. 应用文

使用范围很广，但就高考命题选材而言主要是广告、说明书和新闻报道。就写作方式而言，说明书和新闻报道通常都是围绕单一事物从不同侧面进行介绍。无论是哪种体裁或语篇架构，都会设置细节理解题，其目的是为了便于考查考生灵活运用查读策略查找具体信息的能力。

如：【2017全国卷I . 22】

What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?（D）

A.Train Science teachers.

B. Distribute science books.

C. Distribute scientific research.

D. Take science to the classroom.

解析：该题关键词为“school”，要查找的信息是“do what”。

考生可以运用查读策略在文章结尾段“Today Pacific Science Center serves…and brings…to classrooms”句中找到school 的关联词classroom。然后在classroom前面找到和考点对应的信息“brings inquiry- based science education to classrooms”。

2.记叙文

对于记叙文，主要围绕事件的六要素来命制，其重点在于事件发生的过程，难点在于概括文章的主旨、标题或写作目的，主要考点是考查考生理解、获取事实性信息的能力。如：【2017全国卷II . 24】

Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?（C）

A. Paul Newman wanted it.

B. The studio powers didn't like his agent.

C. He wasn’t famous enough.

D. The director recommended someone else.

解析：该题关键词为unwilling to give the role to the author，要解答的信息是why。考生可以运用查读策略在第一段中找到与之语义对应的“When the studio didn’t want me for the film”，然后在破折号后找到原因“it wanted somebody as well-known as Paul”，此句暗示了制片方拒绝他是因为“他的名气不如保罗”，即“不够出名”。

3. 说明文

说明文是人们日常应用最为广泛的一种体裁。根据说明标的事物的性质特点，说明文可以分为实物说明文和事理说明文两种。无论其说明标的是什么，在说明文中，经常围绕说明标的事物的核心要素命制细节理解题。

如：【2017全国卷I . 35】

When a solar still works，drops of water come into the cup from ________.（D）

A. the plastic tube

B. outside the hole

C. the open air

D. beneath the sheet

解析：该题drops of water comes into the cup 为关键信息，要解答的问题是from where。

考生可以运用查读方法在文章最后一段“The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.

Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form，run down the material and fall off into the cup”中找到与关键信息形成语义关联的词汇，然后在首句中找到D项的同义词under the plastic。

细节理解题解题技巧

在日常的学习过程中，常有学生说文章看懂了，题目却做不对。这大致有两种原因：一是只理解了文章表面意思，未能深层理解。二是未能透彻理解题目。在平常的练习过程中，做细节理解题一般要遵循以下几个步骤：

①通读全文掌握文章大意；

②快速浏览题目的题干与选项，了解考查的内容，确定题干的关键字眼；

③带着关键信息再次回到文中，用查读法找到与问题有关的词语或句子，即定位法；

④注意对信息进行检索、综合分析，避免受错误信息的干扰，分清真伪。

在这个过程中定位法起到相当关键的作用。这几年全国卷的细节理解题表明，定位法对于细节理解题的答题正确率起着决定性作用，大致分为如下两种：

1.关键信息定位法

指在阅读题干的时候迅速地把题干中有标记意义的词或词组画出来，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。

如果题目涉及数字（日期、时间、价格等）、人物姓名、地点名词以及大写名词等，可以在文章中快速圈出这些词，再找出与其相对应的细节信息。此外，一些提示情节发展或表示转折、递进、因果等关系的关键字眼也要注意，如first、next、finally、but、moreover 等。

如：【2018全国卷I . 30】

How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？（B ）

A. About 6,800.

B. About 3,400.

C. About 2,400.

D. About 1,200.

解析：该题的关键词是How many languages 和数字less than 6,000 people，确定了关键词后，我们就带着它们回到文中，在第三段的第一句和最后一句找到相对应的信息“At present，the world has about 6,800 languages... The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that”，因此可以推出本题选B。

2. 同义定位法

这就类似于日常上课时老师让学生对个别词或词组进行paraphrase。同义定位就是指题目所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质。同义转换其实是在意思相同的基础上“改头换面”，但是本质含义是一样的。

如：【2018全国卷I 21】

Which tour do you need to book in advance?（A）

A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington.D.C.

B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.

C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington.

D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.

解析：该题的关键词是book in advance，book 等同于reserve，in advance 意思与before availability 相近，根据第一个行程中的最后一句Reserve your spot before availability，本题应选A。

综上所述，通过对细节理解题的题干设置、选项特点、解题方法等进行比较全面、深入、细致的分析，我们知道，在阅读中精准快速定位加上较强的理解力才能保证做题的量与质。定位法是需要在做题的过程中有意识培养的，做题的技巧也是可以总结的，关键是要培养分析、归纳和总结的意识以及能力。

这些方法和技巧的习得必须通过不断的练习获得和提高。在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，教师应对学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解，切忌通过自己对某类知识的主观了解做出凭空想象的判断，每一道题目的选择都离不开对原文的理解和把握，答题时要力求紧扣文章中心及作者的写作思路

来寻找解题的线索，选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。只有通过坚持不懈的总结、归纳，学生才能具备敏锐的眼力和准确的题感，保质保量地完成阅读练习，真切地提高阅读理解能力。

高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习

阅读专题-----细节题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题 主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题 两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就 能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类 题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若 干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类： 一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能 在原文中直接找到。 一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工 或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题 型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重 要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属 于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问 题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找 到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要 回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。

(英语)高三英语阅读理解解析版汇编

（英语）高三英语阅读理解解析版汇编 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential (潜能) to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president. American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults. As we all know, school work is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn from natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively. As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so. Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it. （1）From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to . A. the social skills than Chinese parents B. their children's studying hard and well C. what their children want but they can't D. extra activities than schoolwork （2）According to the passage, Chinese parents . A. know more than American parents to educate their children B. owning ambition and confidence is necessary and important C. pay much more attention to their children's fine future D. don't encourage their children to participate in extra activities （3）From the passage, we can infer . A. American children are brave and adventurous B. American children are more active in their studies C. Chinese children have the ability to communicate effectively D. something should be done to develop the potential of the children in China （4）What's the writer's attitude towards Chinese education reform? A. Neutral. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Negative. 【答案】（1）A

阅读理解之细节题(上)

practice HyderabadHyderabad, India To improve people’s lives, Hyderabad is planting more and more trees. The cityy is even creatingg ggreener buildingsg that use less water and less electricityy for power. Adding green to a city has a number of advantages. For example, trees make the air cleaner. In Hyderabad, streets were grey and dirty in the past. HHowever, todayt d theyth are fillfilledd withith treest andd flowers,fl makingki theth cityit cleanerl andd more colourful. Green areas also give people places to relax or exercise. A study in the USA shows an interesting thing: the greener a neighborhood is, the less crime there is. 2012年天津市中考C篇 4.对比处：常见标志词有compared with/to, unlike等。 【ExampleE l 4】 Unlike a computer,p , Kindle never ggets hot so yyou can read comfortably as long as you like. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d414188226.html,pared to a computer, Kindle . A. doesn’t get hot B. has no screen C. is harder to use D. is heavier to carry (2011年北京市西城区一模) 【Example 5】 68. According to the passage, why do many patients stop getting injections? A. Because of the pain and stress of the injections. B. Because they are too lazy. C. Because they like taking pills (药丸). D. Because theyy are waitingg for the new device. (2012年黄冈市中考A篇) practice 5555. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Learning a second language can help us find a good job quickly. B.. Dr.. Mechelliec e madede thee experimente pe e amongo g threeee differentd e e groups.g oups. C. Learning a second language is the same as studying other subjects. D. The earlier we learn a second language, the more money we pay. （2012年北京市大兴区二模C篇） A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College LondonLondon, took a group of Britons who only spoke EnglishEnglish. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second languageg g before the ageg of five,, as well as a number of later learners.

高三英语阅读理解(带详解)

I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. ―I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.‖ He laughed, ―You’ll give me a quarter for my story?‖ I lay the quarter in front of him and corrected myself –―Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.‖ I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. ―I was in the army,‖ he said. ―I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the enemy from the distance.‖ I listened carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. ―I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,‖ he said. ―One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.‖ The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? ―I have no regrets,‖ the homeless man said. ―I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed anyone in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.‖ He continued, ―I can live with being homeless—that’s okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with killing innocent people.‖ On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order

阅读理解中的细节理解题题型与策略

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