2012年1月MBA考试英语真题及答案

2012 年硕士研究生入学考试

英语（二）

Section I Use of English

Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered b l a c k and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 po i n t s)

M illi on s of A m e r i c a n s and f o r e i gn e r s see GI. Joe as a m i nd l ess war toy, the s y m bo l of A m e r i c a n m ili t a ry a d v e n t u r i s m,but t h a t?s not how it used to be. To the men and women who （1）in World War II and the p e op l e they li b e r a t e d,the GI. was the（2）man grown into hero ,the pool f a r m kid torn away from h i s home, the guy w ho（3）a ll the burdens of b a tt l e, who s l e p t in cold f o x ho l es,who went w i t hou t t h e（4）o f f ood and s h e l t e r,who stuck it out and drove back the N a z i r e i gn of murder. T h i s was not a v o l un t ee r s o l d i e r,not someone w e ll p a i d,（5）an average guy, up （6）the best tr a i n e d,best e qu i pp e d,f i e r c es t,most b r u t a l e n e m i es seen in c e n t u r i es.

H i s name i s not much. GI. i s j u s t a m ili t a ry a bb r e v i a t i on（7）G o v e r n m e n t I ss u e,and it was on a ll of the a rt i c l e（8）to s o l d i e r s. And Joe? A common name for a guy who n e v e r（9）i t to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac… a working c l ass name. The U n i t e d States h as（10）had a p r es i d e n t or v i c e-p r es i d e n t or secretary of state J o e.

GI. Joe had a（11）career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character ,or a （12）of A m e r i c a n p e r s on a li t i es, in the 1945 m o v i e The Story of GI. Joe, based on the l as t days of war correspondent E r n i e P y l e.Some of the s o l d i e r s P y l e（13）po rtr a y e d t h e m se l v es in the film. P y l e was f a m ou s for co v e r i ng t h e（14）s i d e of the war, writing about the d i rt-s no w -and-mud s o l d i e r s, not how many m il es were（15）or what towns were captured or li b e r a t e d.H i s reports（16）the “W illi e”cartoons of f a m e d Stars and S tr i p es a rt i s t Bill M a u l d e n.Both m e n（17）the dirt and e x h a u s t i on of war, t h e（18）o f c i v ili z a t i on that the s o l d i e r s shared with each other a nd the c i v ili a n s:co ff ee,tobacco, w h i s k e y,s h e l t e r,s l ee p.（19 ）Egypt, France, and a dozen m o r e

（20）the most i m po rt a n t person in t h e i r li v es.

coun tr i es,G. I. Joe was any A m e r i c a n s o l d i e r,

1. [A] p e r f o r m e d

2. [A] a c t u a l

3. [A]bo r e

4. [A]n e c ess i t i es [B]se rv e d

[B]co mm on

[B]c ase d

[B]f a c ili t i es

[C]r e b e ll e d

[C]s p e c i a l

[C]r e m o v e d

[C]co mm od i t i es

[D]b e tr a y e d

[D]no r m a l

[D]l o a d e d

[D]p r op e rt i es

真题

5. [A]a nd

6. [A]f o r

7. [A]m ea n i ng

8. [A]h a nd e d out

9. [A]pu s h e d

10. [A]e v e r

11. [A]d i s gu i se d

12. [A]co m p a n y

13. [A]e m p l o y e d

14. [A]e t h i c a l

15. [A]r u i n e d

16. [A]p a r a ll e l e d

17. [A]n e g l e c t e d

18. [A]s t a g es

19. [A]W i t h

20. [A]on the con tr a ry [B]nor

[B]i n t o

[B]i m p l y i ng

[B]turn o v e r

[B]got

[B]n e v e r

[B]d i s t u r b e d

[B]co ll e c t i on

[B]a ppo i n t e d

[B]m ili t a ry

[B]co mm u t e d

[B]coun t e r a c t e d

[B]a v o i d e d

[B]ill u s i on s

[B]T o

[B] by t h i s m ea n s

[C]but

[C] form

[C]s y m bo li z i ng

[C]b r ough t b a c k

[C]m a d e

[C]e i t h e r

[C]d i s pu t e d

[C]community

[C]i n t e rv i e w e d

[C]po li t i c a l

[C]p a tr o ll e d

[C]dup li c a t e d

[C]e m ph as i z e d

[C]f r a g m e n t s

[C]Among

[C]from the ou t se t

[D]h e nc e

[D]a g a i n s t

[D]c l a i m i ng

[D]p asse d down

[D]m a n a g e d

[D]n e i t h e r

[D]d i s t i ngu i s h e d

[D]colony

[D]qu es t i on e d

[D]hu m a n

[D]g a i n e d

[D]con tr a d i c t e d

[D]a d m i r e d

[D]a d v a nc es

[D]B e y ond

[D]a t that point

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the qu es t i on s a f t e r each text by choo s i ng A, B, C or D. M a rk your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40po i n t s)

Text 1

Homework has never been t e rr i b l y popu l a r with students and even many parents, but in r e c e n t years it has been p a rt i cu l a r l y scorned. S choo l d i s tr i c t s across the country, most r e c e n t l y L o s A ng e l es U n i f i e d,are r e v i s i ng t h e i r thinking on h i s e duc a t i on a l r i t u a l.U n f o rt un a t e l y, L.A. U n i f i e d has produced an i n f l e x i b l e policy which mandates that with the e x c e p t i on of some a d v a nc e d courses, homework may no l ong e r count for more than 10% of a s t ud e n t?s a c a d e m i c g r a d e.

T h i s r u l e i s meant to address the difficulty that students from i m po v e r i s h e d or ch a o t i c homes might have in co m p l e t i ng t h e i r homework. But the policy i s unc l ea r and con tr a d i c t o ry.C e rt a i n l y, no homework s hou l d be ass i gn e d that students cannot do without e x p e n s i v e e qu i p m e n t. But if t h e d i s tr i c t i s esse n t i a ll y giving a pass to students who do not do t h e i r homework because of co m p li c a t e d f a m il y li v es, it i s going r i s k il y c l o se to the i m p li c a t i on that standards need to b e l o w e r e d for poor ch il d r e n.

D i s tr i c t a d m i n i s tr a t o r s say that homework will s t ill be a pat of s choo li ng:teachers are a ll o w e d to ass i gn as much of it as they want. But with homework coun t i ng for no more than 10% of t h e i r grades, students can eas il y s k i p h a l f t h e i r homework and see very li tt l e d i ff e r e nc e on t h e i r r e po rt c a r d s.Some students might do w e ll on state tests without co m p l e t i ng t h e i r homework, but w h a t about the students who p e r f o r m e d w e ll on the tests and did t h e i r homework? It i s qu i t e po ss i b l e t h a t the homework h e l p e d. Y e t rather than e m po w e r i ng teachers to find what works best for t h e i r students, the po li c y i m po ses a f l a t,across-the-board r u l e.

At the same t i m e,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny qu es t i on s about ho m e w o rk. If the d i s tr i c t f i nd s homework to be un i m po rt a n t to i t s s t ud e n t s?a c a d e m i c a ch i e v e m e n t, it s hou l d move to reduce or e li m i n a t e the ass i gn m e n t s,not make them count for a l m o s t no t h i ng.C on v e r se l y, if homework does no t h i ng to ensure that the homework students are not ass i gn i ng more than t h e y are willing to r e v i e w and co rr e c t.

The homework r u l es s hou l d be put on hold w h il e the s choo l board, which i s r es pon s i b l e for se tt i ng e duc a t i on a l po li c y,l oo k s into the matter and conducts pub li c h ea r i ng s. It i s not too l a t e for L.

A. U n i f i e d to do homework right.

21. It i s i m p li e d in paragraph 1 that nowadays ho m e w o rk

[A] i s r e c e i v i ng more c r i t i c i s m

[B] i s no l ong e r an e duc a t i on a l r i t u a l

[C] i s not r e qu i r e d for advanced cou r ses

[D] i s g a i n i ng more p r e f e r e nc es

.

22. L. A. U n i f i e d has made the r u l e about homework m a i n l y because poor students .

[A] tend to have moderate e x p e c t a t i on s for t h e i r e duc a t i on

[B] have asked for a d i ff e r e n t e duc a t i on a l s t a nd a r d

[C] may have p r ob l e m s f i n i s h i ng t h e i r ho m e w o rk

[D] have v o i c e d t h e i r co m p l a i n t s about ho m e w o rk

23. A cco r d i ng to Paragraph 3, one p r ob l e m with the po li c y i s that it may .

[A] d i s cou r a g e students from do i ng ho m e w o rk

[B] r es u l t in students' i nd i ff e r e nc e to t h e i r report c a r d s

[C] und e r m i n e the a u t ho r i ty of state t es t s

[D] r es tr i c t teachers' power in e duc a t i on

24. A s m e n t i on e d in Paragraph 4, a key qu es t i on unanswered about homework i s whether .

[A] it s hou l d be e li m i n a t e d

[C] it p l a c es extra burdens on t ea ch e r s [B] it counts much in s choo li ng [D] it i s i m po rt a n t for g r a d es

25. A s u i t a b l e t i t l e for t h i s text cou l d be .

[A] wrong I n t e r p r e t a t i on of an E duc a t i on a l P o li c y

[B] a W e l co m e d P o li c y for Poor S t ud e n t s

[C] thorny Q u es t i on s about H o m e w o rk

[D] a F a u l ty Approach to H o m e w o rk

Text 2

Pretty in pink: a du l t women do not remember b e i ng so obsessed with the colour, yet it i s p e rv as i v e in our young g i r l s?li v es. It i s not that pink i s i n tr i n s i c a ll y bad, but it i s such a tiny s li c e of the r a i nbo w and, though it may c e l e b r a t e g i r l hood in one way, it a l s o r e p ea t e d l y and firmly f u ses g i r l s?i d e n t i ty to appearance. Then it presents that conn e c t i on,even among tw o-y ea r-o l d s,b e tw ee n g i r l s as not only i nnoc e n t but as e v i d e nc e of i nnoc e nc e.L oo k i ng around, I d es p a i r e d at the s i ngu l a r l a c k of i m a g i n a t i on about g i r l s?li v es and i n t e r es t s.

G i r l s?a ttr a c t i on to pink may seem un a v o i d a b l e,somehow encoded in t h e i r DNA, but a cco r d i ng to Jo P a o l e tt i,an ass oc i a t e p r o f ess o r of A m e r i c a n S t ud i es,it i s not. C h il d r e n were not co l ou r-cod e d at a ll until the ea r l y20th century: in the era b e f o r e do m es t i c w as h i ng m a ch i n es a ll b a b i es wore w h i t e as a p r a c t i c a l matter, s i nc e the only way of g e tt i ng c l o t h es c l ea n was to boil t h e m. W h a t?s more, both boys and g i r l s wore what were thought of as g e nd e r-n e u tr a l dresses. W h e n nursery co l ou r s were i n tr oduc e d, pink was a c t u a ll y con s i d e r e d the more m as cu li n e co l ou r,a p as t e l v e r s i on of red, which was ass oc i a t e d with strength. B l u e, with i t s i n t i m a t i on s of the Virgin M a ry, constancy and f a i t h f u l n ess,s y m bo li z e d f e m i n i n i ty. It was not until the m i d-1980s,when a m p li f y i ng age and sex d i ff e r e nc es became a do m i n a n t ch il d r e n?s m a rk e t i ng strategy, that pink fully came into i t s own, when it began to seem i nh e r e n t l y a ttr a c t i v e to g i r l s,part of what d e f i n e d them as f e m a l e,a t l eas t for the f i r s t f e w c r i t i c a l y ea r s.

I had not r ea li z e d how p r o f ound l y m a rk e t i ng trends d i c t a t e d our p e r c e p t i on of what i s n a t u r a l to k i d s, including our core b e li e f s about t h e i r p s y cho l og i c a l d e v e l op m e n t.Take the t odd l e r.I assumed that phase was s o m e t h i ng experts d e v e l op e d a f t e r years of research into ch il d r e n?s b e h a v i ou r:wrong. Turns out, a cco r d i ng to D a n i e l Cook, a h i s t o r i a n of ch il dhood con s u m e r i s m,i t was popu l a r i z e d as a m a rk e t i ng trick by c l o t h i ng m a nu f a c t u r e r s in the 1930s.

Trade pub li c a t i on s coun se ll e d department stores that, in order to i nc r ease sa l es,they s hou l d create a “t h i r d s t e pp i ng s t on e”between i n f a n t wear and o l d e r k i d s?c l o t h es. It was only a f t e r “t odd l e r”became a common s hopp e r s?term that it e v o l v e d into a b r o a d l y accepted d e v e l op m e n t a l stage. S p li tt i ng k i d s, or a du l t s, into e v e r-t i n i e r c a t e go r i es has proved a s u r e-f i r e way to boost p r o f i t s. And one of the eas i es t ways to segment a market i s to m a gn i f y gender d i ff e r e nc es - or i n v e n t t h e m where they did not p r e v i ou s l y e x i s t.

26. By sa y i ng "it i s…the r a i nbo w"(L i n e2-3, Para. 1), the author means pink .

[A] s hou l d not be the s o l e r e p r ese n t a t i on of girlhood

[B] s hou l d not be ass oc i a t e d with g i r l s'i nnoc e nc e

[C] cannot e x p l a i n g i r l s'l a c k of i m a g i n a t i on

[D] cannot i n f l u e nc e g i r l s'li v es and i n t e r es t s

27. A cco r d i ng to Paragraph 2, w h i ch of the following i s true of co l ou r s？

[A] C o l ou r s are encoded in g i r l s'DN A.

[B] B l u e used to be regarded as the co l ou r for g i r l s.

[C] P i n k used to be a n e u tr a l co l ou r in s y m bo li z i ng g e nd e r s.

[D] W h i t e i s p r e f e rr e d by b a b i es.

w as

28. The author suggests that our p e r c e p t i on of ch il d r e n's p s y cho l og i c a l d e v e l op m e n t

much i n f l u e nc e d by .

[A] the m a rk e t i ng of products for ch il d r e n

[B] the ob se rv a t i on of ch il d r e n's n a t u r e

[C] researches into ch il d r e n's b e h a v i o r

[D] s t ud i es of ch il dhood con s u m p t i on

29. We may l ea r n from Paragraph 4 that department stores were a d v i se d to .

[A] f ocu s on i n f a n t wear and o l d e r k i d s'c l o t h es

[B] attach e qu a l i m po rt a nc e to d i ff e r e n t g e nd e r s

[C] c l ass i f y consumers into s m a ll e r g r oup s

[D] create some common shoppers' t e r m s

30. It can be conc l ud e d that g i r l s'a ttr a c t i on to pink seems to be .

[A] c l ea r l y e x p l a i n e d by t h e i r i nbo r n t e nd e nc y

[B] fully understood by c l o t h i ng m a nu f a c t u r e r s

[C] m a i n l y i m po se d by p r o f i t-d r i v e n bu s i n ess m e n

[D] w e ll i n t e r p r e t e d by p s y cho l og i c a l e x p e rt s

Text 3

In 2010, a f e d e r a l j udg e shook A m e r i c a's b i o t e ch i ndu s try to i t s core. C o m p a n i es had won patents for i s o l a t e d DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a j udg e r u l e d that genes were unp a t e n t a b l e.E x e cu t i v es were v i o l e n t l y a g i t a t e d.T h e B i o t e chno l og y I ndu s try O r g a n i z a t i on(BIO), a trade group, assured members that t h i s was j u s t a “p r e li m i n a ry s t e p” in a l ong e r b a tt l e.

On J u l y29th they were r e li e v e d,at l eas t t e m po r a r il y. A f e d e r a l a pp ea l s court overturned t h e prior d e c i s i on, ruling that M yr i a d G e n e t i c s could i nd ee d hold patents to two genes that h e l p

f o r e c as t a woman's r i s k of breast cancer. The ch i e f e x e cu t i v e of M yr i a d,a company in Utah, sa i d the rulin

g was a b l ess i ng to f i r m s and p a t i e n t s a li k e.

But as co m p a n i es con t i nu e t h e i r attempts at p e r s on a li z e d m e d i c i n e,the courts will r e m a i n rather busy. The M yr i a d case i t se l f i s p r ob a b l y not over C r i t i c s make three m a i n arguments a g a i n s t gene patents: a gene i s a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents s upp r ess i nno v a t i on rather than reward it; and patents' m onopo li es r es tr i c t access to g e n e t i c tests such as M yr i a d's. A g r o w i ng number seem to agree. Last year a f e d e r a l t as k-f o r c e urged r e f o r m for p a t e n t s r e l a t e d to g e n e t i c tests. In October the Department of J u s t i c e f il e d a b r i e f in the M yr i a d c ase, a r gu i ng that an i s o l a t e d DNA m o l e cu l e“i s no l ess a product of nature…than are cotton f i b r es t h a t have been separated from cotton see d s.”

D es p i t e the a pp ea l s court's d e c i s i on, big qu es t i on s r e m a i n unanswered. For e x a m p l e, it i s unc l ea r whether the se qu e nc i ng of a w ho l e genome v i o l a t es the patents of i nd i v i du a l genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.

A s the i ndu s try advances, however, other s u i t s may have an even greater i m p a c t.C o m p a n i es are un li k e l y to f il e many more patents for human DNA m o l e cu l es-m o s t are a l r ea d y patented or in the public do m a i n.F i r m s are now s t ud y i ng how genes i n t e r a c t, looking for co rr e l a t i on s that might be used to d e t e r m i n e the causes of d i sease or p r e d i c t a d r ug?s e ff i c a c y,co m p a n i es are eager to win patents for …conn e c t i ng the do t s?,e x p l a i n s Hans Sauer, a l a wy e r for the BIO.

T h e i r success may be d e t e r m i n e d by a s u i t r e l a t e d to t h i s i ss u e,brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in i t s next term. The BIO r e c e n t l y h e l d a con v e n t i on which

i nc l ud e d sess i on s to coach l a wy e r s on the s h i f t i ng l a nd s c a p e for patents. Each m ee t i ng was p a c k e d.

31.I t c a n b e l ea r n e d f r o m p a r a g r a ph I t h a t t h e b i o t e ch co m p a n i es w ou l d li k e

A. t h e i r e x e cu t i v es to be a c t i v e C. genes to be p a t e n t a b l e

B. j udg es to r u l e out gene p a t e n t i ng D. the BIO to i ss u e a w a r n i ng

32.t ho se w ho a r e a g a i n s t g e n e p a t e n t s b e li e v e t h a t

A. g e n e t i c tests are not r e li a b l e

B. only man-made products are p a t e n t a b l e

C. patents on genes depend much on i nno v a t i on

D. courts s hou l d r es tr i c t access to gene tic t es t s

33.A cco r d i ng t o H a n s S a u e r,co m p a n i es a r e ea g e r t o w i n p a t e n t s f o r

A. es t a b li s h i ng d i sease co rr e l a t i on s

B. d i s co v e r i ng gene i n t e r a c t i on s

C. d r a w i ng p i c t u r es of g e n es

D. i d e n t i f y i ng human DN A

34．By sa y i ng“ea ch m ee t i ng w as p a c k e d”(li n e4,p a r a6)t h e a u t ho r m ea n s t h a t

A. the supreme court was a u t ho r i t a t i v e

B. the BIO was a po w e r f u l o r g a n i z a t i on

C. gene p a t e n t i ng was a great conc e r n

D. l a wy e r s were keen to attend con v e n t i on s

35.g e n e r a ll y s p ea k i ng,t h e a u t ho r?s a tt i t ud e t o w a r d g e n e p a t e n t i ng i s

A. c r i t i c a l

B. s uppo rt i v e

C. s co r n f u l

D. ob j e c t i v e

Text 4

The great r e c ess i on may be over, but t h i s era of high j ob l ess n ess i s p r ob a b l y b e g i nn i ng.

B e f o r e it ends, it will li k e l y change the li f e course and character of a g e n e r a t i on of young a du l t s. And u l t i m a t e l y, it i s li k e l y to reshape our po li t i c s, our cu l t u r e,and the character of our s oc i e ty for y ea r s.

No one tr i es harder than the j ob l ess to find s il v e r li n i ng s in t h i s n a t i on a l e cono m i c d i sas t e r.

Many sa i d that un e m p l o y m e n t,w h il e e xtr e m e l y p a i n f u l,had i m p r o v e d them in some w a y s; they had become l ess m a t e r i a li s t i c and more f i n a nc i a ll y prudent; they were more aware of t h e s tr ugg l es of others. In li m i t e d respects, perhaps the r e c ess i on will l ea v e s oc i e ty better off. At t h e very l eas t, it has awoken us from our n a t i on a l f e v e r dream of easy r i ch es and b i gg e r houses, a nd put a necessary end to an era of r e c k l ess p e r s on a l s p e nd i ng.

But for the most part, these b e n e f i t s seem thin, unc e rt a i n,and f a r off. In The M o r a l Consequences of E cono m i c Growth, the e cono m i c h i s t o r i a n B e n j a m i n F r i e d m a n argues that both i n s i d e and ou t s i d e the U. S. , l e ng t h y p e r i od s of e cono m i c s t a gn a t i on or d e c li n e have a l m o s t a l w a y s l e f t s oc i e ty more m ea n-s p i r i t e d and l ess i nc l u s i v e,and have u s u a ll y stopped or reversed t h e advance of r i gh t s and f r ee do m s.A n t i-i mm i g r a n t se n t i m e n t ty p i c a ll y i nc r eases,as does conflict between races and c l asses.

I nco m e i n e qu a li ty u s u a ll y f a ll s du r i ng a r e c ess i on, but it has not shrunk in t h i s one, I nd ee d, t h i s p e r i od of e cono m i c weakness may r e i n f o r c e c l ass d i v i d es,and decrease oppo rt un i t i es to c r o ss them--- es p e c i a ll y for young p e op l e.The research of Till Von Wachter, the e cono m i s t in C o l u m b i a U n i v e r s i ty,suggests that not a ll p e op l e g r a du a t i ng into a r e c ess i on see t h e i r li f e chances d i mm e d: those with degrees from e li t e un i v e r s i t i es catch up f a i r l y quickly to where they o t h e rw i se would have been if they had graduated in better t i m es; it i s the masses beneath them that are l e f t b e h i nd.

In the i n t e r n e t age, it i s p a rt i cu l a r l y easy to see the resentment that has a l w a y s been h i dd e n within A m e r i c a n s oc i e ty.More difficult, in the moment, i s d i s c e r n i ng p r e c i se l y how these l ea n t i m es are a ff e c t i ng s oc i e ty?s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more s oc i a ll y t o l e r a n t e n t e r i ng t h i s r e c ess i on than at any t i m e in i t s h i s t o ry,and a v a r i e ty of n a t i on a l po ll s on s oc i a l conflict s i nc e then have shown m i x e d r es u l t s.We will have to w a i t and see e x a c t l y how these h a r d t i m es will reshape our s oc i a l f a b r i c. But they c e rt a i n l y it, and a ll the more so the l ong e r t h e y

e xt e nd.

36. By sa y i ng“t o find s il v e r li n i ng s”（L i n e1,Para. 2）the author suggest that the j ob l ess try

to .

[A] seek s ub s i d i es from the go v e r n m e n t

[B] e x p l o r e reasons for the un e m p l o y m e n t

[C] make p r o f i t s from the tr oub l e d e cono m y

[D] look on the b r i gh t s i d e of the r e c ess i on

37. A cco r d i ng to Paragraph 2,the r e c ess i on has made p e op l e.

[A] r ea li z e the n a t i on a l d r ea m

[B] s tr ugg l e a g a i n s t each o t h e r

[C] ch a ll e ng e t h e i r li f es ty l e

[D] r e con s i d e r t h e i r li f es ty l e

38. B e n j a m i n F r i e d m a n b e li e v e that e cono m i c r e c ess i on s may_ .

[A] i m po se a h ea v i e r burden on i mm i g r a n t s

[B] b r i ng out more e v il s of human n a t u r e

[C] promote the advance of r i gh t s and f r ee do m s

[D] ease con f li c t s between races and c l asses

39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in r e c ess i on

graduates from e li t e un i v e r s i t i es tend to .

[A] l a g b e h i nd the others due to decreased oppo rt un i t i es

[B] catch up quickly with e x p e r i e nc e d e m p l o y ees

[C] see t h e i r li f e chances as d i mm e d as the o t h e r s?

[D] recover more quickly than the o t h e r s

40. The author t h i n k s that the i n f l u e nc e of hard t i m es on s oc i e ty i s .

[A] c e rt a i n[B] po s i t i v e[C] tr i v i a l[D] d es tr uc t i v e

Part B

Directions: Read the following text and answer the qu es t i on s by finding i n f o r m a t i on from the right co l u m n that corresponds to each of the marked d e t a il s g i v e n in the l e f t co l u m n.There are two extra cho i c es in the right co l u m n.M a rk your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 po i n t s)“U n i v e r sa l h i s t o ry,the h i s t o ry of what man has a cco m p li s h e d in t h i s world, i s at bottom t h e H i s t o ry of the Great Men who have worked h e r e,”wrote the V i c t o r i a n sage Thomas C a r l y l e.W e ll,

not any more it i s not.

S udd e n l y,Br i t a i n l oo k s to have f a ll e n out with i t s f a v ou r i t e h i s t o r i c a l form. T h i s cou l d be no more than a p ass i ng li t e r a ry craze, but it a l s o po i n t s to a broader truth about how we now a pp r o a ch the past: l ess concerned with l ea r n i ng from f o r e f a t h e r s and more i n t e r es t e d in f ee li ng t h e i r p a i n. Today, we want empathy, not i n s p i r a t i on.

From the ea r li es t days of the R e n a i ssa nc e,the writing of h i s t o ry meant r e coun t i ng t h e e x e m p l a ry li v es of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on h i s r a m b li ng writing De V i r i s I ll u s tr i bu s―O n Famous Men, highlighting the v i rt u s (or v i rt u e) of c l ass i c a l heroes. P e tr a r ch c e l e b r a t e d t h e i r greatness in conqu e r i ng f o rt un e and r i s i ng to the top. T h i s was the b i og r a ph i c a l tr a d i t i on which Niccolo M a ch i a v e lli turned on i t s head. In The P r i nc e,the ch a m p i on e d cunning, r u t h l ess n ess,and bo l dn ess,rather than v i rt u e,mercy and j u s t i c e,as the s k ill s of s ucc ess f u l l ea d e r s.

Over t i m e,the a ttr i bu t es of greatness s h i f t e d.The R o m a n t i c s commemorated the l ea d i ng p a i n t e r s and authors of t h e i r day, s tr ess i ng the un i qu e n ess of the a rt i s t's p e r s on a l e x p e r i e nc e r a t h e r than public glory. By contrast, the V i c t o r i a n author S a m u a l S m il es wrote S e l f-H e l p as a c a t a l ogu e of the worthy li v es of e ng i n ee r s,i ndu s tr i a li s t s and e x p l o r es."The v a l u a b l e e x a m p l es which t h e y f u r n i s h of the power of se l f-h e l p, if p a t i e n t purpose, r es o l u t e working and s t ea d f as t i n t e g r i ty, i ss u i ng in the f o r m u l a t i on of truly nob l e and many character, e x h i b i t,"wrote S m il es."What it i s in the power of each to a cco m p li s h for h i m se l f."H i s b i og r a ph i es of James W a l t,R i ch a r d Arkwright and J o s i a h Wedgwood were h e l d up as beacons to gu i d e the w o rk i ng man through h i s difficult li f e.

T h i s was a ll a bit bou r g e o i s for Thomas C a r l y l e,who f ocu se d h i s b i og r a ph i es on the truly h e r o i c li v es of M a rt i n Luther, O li v e r C r o m w e ll and N a po l e on Bonaparte. These e poch a l f i gu r es represented li v es hard to i m i t a t e, but to be a c k no w l e dg e d as po ssess i ng h i gh e r a u t ho r i ty than m e r e m o rt a l s.

Not everyone was con v i nc e d by such bombast. “T h e h i s t o ry of a ll h i t h e rt o e x i s t i ng s oc i e ty i s the h i s t o ry of c l ass s tr ugg l es,”wrote M a rx and E ng e l s in T h e C o m m u n i s t M a n i f e s t o. For them, h i s t o ry did no t h i ng, it possessed no i mm e n se w ea l t h nor waged b a tt l es:“It i s man, r ea l, living man who do es a ll t h a t.” And h i s t o ry s hou l d be the story of the masses and t h e i r record of s tr ugg l e.A s such, i t needed to a pp r e c i a t e the e cono m i c r ea li t i es,the s oc i a l contexts and power r e l a t i on s in which each epoch stood. For: “M e n make t h e i r own h i s t o ry, but they do not make it j u s t as they p l ease; they do not make it under c i r cu m s t a nc es chosen by t h e m se l v es,but under c i r cu m s t a nc es d i r e c t l y f ound,g i v e n and tr a n s m i tt e d from the past. ”

T h i s was the tr a d i t i on which r e v o l u t i on i z e d our a pp r e c i a t i on of the past. In p l a c e of T ho m as C a r l y l e,Br i t a i n nurtured C h r i s t oph e r Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. H i s t o ry from b e l o w stood a l ong s i d e b i og r a ph i es of great men. W ho l e new r ea l m s of und e r s t a nd i ng―from gender to race to cu l t u r a l s t ud i es- were opened up as s cho l a r s unp i c k e d the multiplicity of l o s t s oc i e t i es. And it tr a n s f o r m e d pub li c h i s t o ry too: do w n s t a i r s became j u s t as f as c i n a t i ng as up s t a i r s.

[A] e m ph as i z e d the v i rt u e of c l ass i c a l h e r o es.

record of s tr ugg l e . Section III Translation

46 ． Direction ： In t h i s se c t i on there i s a text in E ng li s h. Tr a n s l a t e it into C h i n ese , wr i t e your

tr a n s l a t i on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15po i n t s )

When p e op l e in d e v e l op i ng coun tr i es worry about m i g r a t i on, they are u s u a ll y concerned at t h e prospect of the best and b r i gh t es t departure to S ili con V a ll e y or to ho s p i t a l s and un i v e r s i t i es in t h e d e v e l op e d w o r l d. These are the kind of workers that coun tr i es li k e Br i t a i n, Canada and A u s tr a li a try to attract by u s i ng i mm i g r a t i on r u l es that p r i v il e g e co ll e g e g r a du a t es .

L o t s of s t ud i es have found that w e ll -e duc a t e d p e op l e from d e v e l op i ng coun tr i es a r e p a rt i cu l a r l y li k e l y to e m i g r a t e . A big survey of I nd i a n hou se ho l d s in 2004 f ound that n ea r l y 40% of e m i g r a n t s had more than a h i gh -s choo l e duc a t i on, compared with around 3.3% of a ll I nd i a n s o v e r the age of 25. T h i s "b r a i n d r a i n " has l ong bothered po li c y m a k e r s in poor coun tr i es . They f ea r that i t hurts t h e i r e cono m i es , d e p r i v i ng them of much-needed s k ill e d workers who could have taught a t t h e i r un i v e r s i t i es , worked in t h e i r ho s p i t a l s and come up with c l e v e r new products for t h e i r f a c t o r i es to m a k e .

Section IV Writing

Part A

47．Directions:

Suppose you have f ound s o m e t h i ng wrong with the e l e c tr on i c d i c t i on a ry that you bought from an on li n e store the other day, wr i t e an e m a il to the customer se rv i c e center to

1) make a co m p l a i n t a nd

2) demand a prompt s o l u t i on

41. P e tr a r ch [B] h i gh li gh t e d the pub li c glory of the l ea d i ng a rt i s t s .

42. N i cco l o M a ch i a v e llli [C] f ocu se d on e poch a l f i gu r es whose li v es were hard to i m i t a t e . 43. S a m u e l S m il es

[D] opened up new r ea l m s of und e r s t a nd i ng the great men in h i s t o ry .

44. Thomas C a r l y l e

[E] h e l d that h i s t o ry s hou l d be the story of the masses and t h e i r 45. M a rx and E ng e l s

[F] d i s m i sse d v i rt u e as unnecessary for s ucc ess f u l l ea d e r s .

[G ]d e p i c t e d the worthy li v es of e ng i n ee r i ndu s tr i a li s t s and e x p l o r e r s .

You s hou l d wr i t e about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2.

Do not s i gn your own name at the end of the l e tt e r,Use "Zhang W e i"i n s t ea d.

Part B

48．Directions:

Wr i t e an essay based on the following t a b l e In your writing, you s hou l d

1) d es c r i b e the t a b l e,a nd

2) g i v e your comm

You s hou l d wr i t e at l eas t150 words. (15po i n t s)

某公司员工工作满意度调查

年龄-----满意度满意不清楚不满意

小于等于40岁16.7%50.0%33．3% 41-50岁0.0%36.0%64.0%

大于50岁40.050.0%10.0%

英语(已修正)对应答案:

01---05: B B A A C

06---10: D A A C B

11---15: D B C D C

16---20: A C C B A

21---25: A C A D D

26---30: A B A C C

31---35: C B B C D

36---40: D D B B B

41---45: A F G C E

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