高中英语完形填空(含答案)

专题讲座——完形填空

［复习要点］

完形填空题是对学生英语语言知识与语言运用能力的一种测试。其考查的形式灵活，综合性较强，要求考生能综合运用所学的知识在特定的语境中进行合理的推理判断，并能准确地从四个备选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文结构完整，意义通畅。

一、完形填空题的特点

完形填空题能够较为准确地检查学生的各项知识水平和综合运用语言知识的能力。这种题型的主要考查内容为：①词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法；②固定搭配与习惯表达；③阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。近年来，完形填空题更侧重对语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。

完形填空题（）又叫“克漏字”测验。它有以下两大特点和规律：

第一，一篇完形填空题是一个有机的整体。尽管看起来形式上有残缺（若干个空），但它的内容、语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空题时，通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次是十分重要的一步。考生解题时必须自始至终依托语境，注意上下文之间、词与词之间，从语法到意义的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上启下的过渡词等，如, , , , , 等。

第二，完形填空题选材广泛。它涉及社会、政治、经济；文化、教育、历史、地理、科普知识、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形填空题时，要快速通览全文，了解文章概貌与各段落的中心意思，把握文章主旨脉络，掌握文章作者的意图。

在平时学习中，要注意从以下几个方面训练和提高。

⑴捕捉信息点，弄清逻辑关系：

完形填空题短文第一句话通常不设空，这给学生提供了一个语境，使学生能掌握短文的一些初始信息，例如：文章的大概内容，动作发生的基本时间，短文叙述的切入点等。这些基本信息给学生提供一个语境，使学生解题时能够依境而行。但这只是解答完形填空题的最基本的信息，考生还必须依据上下文提供的信息点（如时间、人物、地点、事件、背景等）对文章的脉络有针对性地理解和判断，弄清段落前后的逻辑关系，才能使短文内容沿着合乎逻辑的顺序发展，才能使局部和全局关系一致。

⑵明确词义辨析，考虑固定搭配：

不熟悉词语的用法和区别，尤其是同义词语的用法比较，对固定搭配不熟练或记忆不准，都会造成很大的阅读障碍和错误选择，因而考生平时学习时要注重词义辨析，牢固掌握固定搭配。只有这样，考试时才能应付自如。

⑶运用语法知识，具备各方面知识：

在分析完形填空题所给选项时，仅考虑符合短文大意和固定搭配是不够的。有些题中还须考虑语法结构是否正确，知识内容是否正确等。有些答案不能直接从短文中找到，而是需要通读全文，根据全文大意，考虑各方面的知识来选择，这就要求考生在学习中要广泛涉及各科知识，做一个学习上的有心人。

⑷检查核对，确保无误：

选好所有答案后，还需要核对检查。将所选答案一一放在短文中的空白处阅读，看看内容是否完整，语句是否通顺，语法是否有误，是否符合逻辑。有些错误只能在通读全文、考生站在整体的高度上才能发现。只有认真审核，才能提高答题的准确度。

二、完形填空题的设空规律

为了对完形填空题的各种类型有一个深入的了解，探索一下该题型的设空规律是有必要的。

⑴上下文直接信息题：

本类题的设置特点是，四个选项之间不存在词义区别和用法比较。考生应着眼于对上下文信息的捕捉和对上下文暗示的领会。如下列“考题1”中的第7、8、9小题。

⑵词、句、文三结合理解题：

本类题的设置特点是：其中某一个或几个选项代入空白处会使句意不通或严重违背上下句意义的衔接或直接与短文内容不符，考生在做这类题时要对各选项的词义作准确的把握。如下列“考题1”中的第4、5小题。

⑶词义辨析题：

本类题的设置特点是，各选项代入空中后该句的语法都是正确的，但是句子出现了几种不同的含义。在做这类题时，考生要认真比较各词之间的细微差别。如下列“考题1”中的第1、11、15小题。

⑷语法知识和固定短语考查题：

考生在解答本类题时要注意句子的语法结构要正确：如时态、语态等；对固定短语要注意其结构的完整性，如下列“考题1”中的第10小题。

⑸行文逻辑和全文中心把握题：

本类题的设空特点是：把各选项中的对象代入空格中可导致上下文之间出现因果关系、递进关系、转折关系、条件关系等。做本类题时，考生要注意全文的主线或脉络，仔细分析上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而准确地选出正确答案。如下列“考题1”中的第2、13小题。

三、做题中的推测手段

⑴根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测：

注意上下文的逻辑联系和文章的逻辑关系是做好完形填空题的关键，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用思维逻辑进行比较、判断，找出既符合词义、句意，又符合上下文语境，合理的正确答案。

⑵根据语篇标志进行推测：

语篇一般是指比单一句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇和语篇之间往往有标明其内在联系的词语，这些词语称为“语篇标志”，例如：表示结构层次的, 等，表示逻辑关系的, , 等，表示话题改变的等。在做完形填空题时，充分利用这些语篇标志可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的关系。

⑶根据文化背景知识进行推测：

完形填空题考查的知识面较广，从文化、科学常识，到历史地理知识；从风俗民情到民族习惯等

等，无所不考。考生在做这类题时，要特别注意中西文化方面所存在的差异。具备了一定的文化背景知识，才能比较准确地判断正确答案。

⑷根据常识进行判断：

中学生已经掌握了较丰富的科学与生活常识，也具备了一定的判断能力。在考查语言知识和技能的同时，考查这些简单的常识性的问题，也是对学生知识面的检测。

⑸根据语法知识进行推测：

对于考查语法知识的考题，不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析，并根据其语法结构和句式特点进行合理推测，从而迅速解决问题。

⑹运用词汇知识推测答案：

完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词的辨析两大方面。要做好这类题目，首先要有较大的词汇量，较强的词语搭配能力，以及在语句中理解词义的能力，做题时要结合上下文的语境，确定词的意义。

1．完形填空：阅读下面短文，选出最佳答案：

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分析粗读这篇文段可知：这是一篇关于一个学生考试迟到的事。短文一开始就是电话铃声，应该起来接电话，所以第l空中应选D，这四个动词中只有能表示“接电话”这个含义。第2空中要选择一个副词，句中已含有等状语，故不能选择，, 表示方式，如用在本句中则句意不通，所以选A。第3空，从后文知，是到学校去，故应选C。对于学生来说，是学生最可能要做的事，并且后文说到其他学生在。第4空，意为“穿衣服”，要注意这个短语的完整性。第5空，从前一句中的动词以及后文中的一系列动作可知，本空中应填才符合逻辑，其他词不能使文章通顺。第6空要注意分析备选项的意义；从后文可知选B最合适，因书应该是放在课桌上。第7空中应填，因要迟到了。第8空中要注意在形容词后接，故选。第9空，从上文知，已经迟到了，故老师应问他迟到的原因，选A。第10空表明的态度，他害怕抬头看老师，故选。第11空，所陈述的理由是闹钟未响，故填。第12空，从上文的话没说完知道这时老师打断了他的话，故选。第13空，在教室里走去的当然是。第14空，本空说明思维混乱，不能思考，选A。第15空，综合上文可知感到这一天太糟糕，故选B 。

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完形填空答题卷

班级：姓名：学号：

在基本抓住短文的主旨大意后，应逐句分析，细心选择，就地取材。要注意文章的整体性和连贯性，吃透文意，理解到位，不要只见树木，不见森林；要知道上下文是环环相连的，不同的词汇说明事物不同的发展方向，不同的场合和不同人物的动作表情说明人物不；不同的文化习俗也就决定了人们的思维方式和行为方式的不，只

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