(0174)《欧洲文化入门》复习思考题
（0174）《欧洲文化入门》复习思考题
I. Complete each of following sentences with the most likely answer.
1.____ culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C..
a. Greek
b. Roman
c. Egyptian
d. Chinese
2. Two major elements in European culture are ____.
a. the Greek and Roman
b. the Judaism and Christianity
c. the Greco-Roman
d. a and b
3. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ).
a. The Odyssey
b. The Iliad
c.Prometheus Bound
d. Persians
4. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____.
a. Aeschylus
b. Aristophanes
c. Euripides
d.Sophocles
5. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.
a. Euripides
b. Aristophanes
c. Sophocles
d. Aeschylus
6. Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ .
a. Athens and Sparta
b. Athens and Syracuse
c. Athens and Persians
d. Greeks and Persians
7. _____ ever said that “ Y ou can not step twice into the river?”
a. Home
b. Heracleitue
c. Democritus
d. Socrates
8. _____ by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.
a. Dialogues
b. The Apology
c. The Republic
d. Symposium
9. Dante called _____ “ the master of those who know”.
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Archimedes
10. Euclid is even now well-known for his ____.
a. Elements
b. Poetics
c. Ethics
d. Politics
11. The theory of ____ is that one should endure hardship and misfortune with courage.
A. the Epicurans b. the Stoics c. the Sceptics d. the Cynics
12. ____ has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.
a, Discus Throwe r b, Venus de Milo c, Laocoon group d, Parthenon
13. It is _____ who was the founder of scientific mathematics.
a. Heracleitus
b. Aristotle
c. Socrates
d. Pythagoras
14. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus in ______.
a. 146 B.C.
b. 27 B.C.
c. 27 A. D.
d. 30 B.C.
15. In _____ the West Roman Empire ended when the last emperor of the West was deposed by the Goths.
a. 27 B. C.
b. 395
c. 476
d. 1453
16. After the 27 B. C. the Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting 200 years . It is known as _____.
a. the Roman Law
b. the Roman roads
c. the Roman Empire
d. the Pax Romana
17. ____by Julius Caesar are models of succinct Latin.
a. The Aeneid
b. Poetics
c. Commentaries
d. Elements
18. The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by _____.
a. Lucretius
b. Virgil
c. Julius Caesar
d. Cicero
19. ____ wrote the philosophical poem On the Nature of Things to expound the ideas of Epicurus the Greek atomist.
a. Lucretius
b. Crassus
c. Julius Caesar
d. Pompey
20. ____ is not Roman architecture.
a. The Colosseum
b. Pont du Gard
c. The Parthenon
d. The Panthenon
21. ____ is a statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Rome.
a. The Colosseum
b. Spoils from the Temple in Jerusalem
c. Constantine the Great
d. She-Wolf
22. _____ is by far the most influential in the West.
a. Buddism
b. Islamism
c. Christianity
d. Judaism
23. _____ was the land promised by God to Abraham.
a. Canaan
b. the Middle East
c. Egypt
d. the Garden of Eden
24. The word “Testament” means _____.
a. Jesus Christ
b. God and Man
c. the agreement between God and Man
d. God and Christ
25. The first five books, called ______, are the oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books
a. Deuteronomy
b.Exodus
c. the Pentateuch
d. Genesis
26. Around 1300 B. C., Moses led the Hebrews to leave Egypt. With this began_____.
a. Genesis
b. Leviticus
c. Numbers d the Exodus
27. ____ is a collection of 150 poetic pieces.
a. Book of Psalms
b.Proverb
c. Book of Job
d. Ecclesiastes
28. In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian Captivity(巴比伦之囚).
a. 169 B. C.
b. 586 B. C.
c. 536 B. C. d, 721 B.C.
29. In Babylon the Hebrews formed ____ to practice their religion.
a. synagogues
b. laws
c. Paradise
d. the Law of Torah
30. In ____, Emperor ____ made Christianity the official religion of the empire and
outlawed all other religions.
a. 313, Constantine
b. 305, Diocletian
c. 64 A. D., Nero Caesar
d. 392, Theodosius
31. Towards the end of ____ four accounts ( Gospels ) were accepted as part of the New Testament, which tells the beginning of ____.
a. the 4th century, Christianity
b. the 1st century, Jesus Christ
c. the 3rd century, Crucifixion
d. 392, Christianity
32. Revelation is the last book of ____.
a.the Bible
b. Jesus
c. the Old Testament
d. the New
Testament
33. Juses went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the ____ , but was betrayed by Juda and caught at ____.
a. Easter, Temple
b. Passover, the Last Supper
c. Big Day, the Last Supper
d. high day, supper
34. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611.
a. The Septuagint
b. The Vulgate
c.Wycliff’s version
d. Authorized version
35. ____ is the oldest extant Greek translation of t he Old Testament.
a. The Septuagint
b. The Vulgate
c. Wycliff’s version
d. Authorized version
36. The standard American edition of the Revised Version appeared in ____.
a. 1539
b. 1885
c. 1901
d. 1979
37. It is generally accepted that ____ and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.
a. the Bible
b. the English Bible
c. the New Testament
d. the Old Testament
38. In European history, the period between ancient times and modern times is also called ____.
a. The Germanic Ages
b. the Age of Faith
c. Medieval
d. Scholasticism
39. Under feudalism, ______ were the three classes of people of western Europe.
a. clergy, knights and serfs
b. Pope, bishop and peasants
c. clergy, lords and peasants
d. knights, nobles and serfs
40. A knight was not pledged to ____.
a. be loyal to his lord
b. fight for the church
c. respect women of noble birth
d. collect taxes
41. In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into ____ and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
a. Christianity
b. the Roman Church
c. the Roman Catholic Church
d. the Western Catholic
42. _______, ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.
a. St. Thomas Aquinas
b. Alfred the Great
c. Charlemagne
d. Roger Bacon
43. _____ by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.
a. Summa Theologica
b. Summa Contra Gentiles
c. Opus maius
d. Beowulf
44. The Anglo-Saxon epic ____ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.
a. Song of Roland
b. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.
c. Beowulf
d. the Divine Comedy
45. Dante Alighieri’s masterpiece , _____, is one of the landmarks of world literature.
a. Song of Roland
b. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.
c. Beowulf
d. the Divine Comedy
46. _____ were Ch aucer’s most popular work for their power of observation, piercing irony, sense of humor and warm humanity.
a. Beowulf
b. The Canterbury Tales
c. Song of Roland
d. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.
47. The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque, and it flourished during ____.
a. the 11th and 12th centuries
b. the 12th and 13th centuries
c. the 12th and 14th centuries
d. the mid-12th and the end of 15th centuries
48. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between ____.
a. the 13th and 15th centuries
b. the 14th and mid-17th century
c. the 15th and 16th centuries
d. the 14th and 16th centuries
49. ____ is the essence of the Renaissance.
a.The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture
b.Attempts to get rid of conservatism
c.The flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture
d.Humanism
50. With ____ by Boccaccio the courtly themes of medieval literature began to give way to the voice and mores of early modern society.
a. the Decameron
b. Canzoniers
c. David
d. Sleeping Venus
51. Fracesco Petrarch, the author of ____, is known as Father of Humanism.
a. the Decameron
b.Canzoniers
c. David
d. Sleeping Venus
52. ____ , Father of political science in the West, wrote Prince and Discourses.
a. Fracesco Petrarch,
b. Dante
c. Niccolo Machiavelli
d. John Calvin
53. ____ , one of the creators of modern painting, was a close friend of Dante.
a. Petrarch
b. Giotto
c. Boccaccio
d. Da Vinci
54. Which one of the following is Da Vinci’s painting?
a. The Ssistine Madonna
b.Betrayal of Judas
c. Sleeping Venus
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d717104253.html,st Supper
55. Which one is NOT true about Michelangelo?
a. A Florentine painter
b. A poet
c. A towering figure of the Renaissance
d. A musician
56. Raphael was best known for his _____.
a. Virgin Mary
b. portrait painting
c. elegance
d. short life
57. The Reformation happened in the _____ century.
a. 14th
b. 15th
c. 16th
d. 17th
58. The main idea of ____ was to make open protests against the indulgences.
a.Martin Luther’s 95 These
b.Wycliff’s Version of Whole Bible
c. Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion
d. the Hus War
59. The head of the Church of England is _____ .
a. the Pope
b. the king or queen
c. the Archbishop
d. Juses
60. After Reformation, _____ came into being.
a. Christianity
b. Calvinism
c. Lutheranism
d. Protestantism
61. “ What do I know?” is ____’s world-famous motto.
a. Montaigne
b. Ronsard
c. Descartes
d. Francis Bacon
62.With the publication of Miguel de Cervantes’s _____ in 1602, the European novel entered a new stage.
a. the Praise of Folly
b. the Decameron
c. Canzoniers
d. Don Quxiode
63. ____, a great Dutch scholar and humanist, published the first Greek edition of the New Testament.
a. El Greco
b. Erasmus
c. Bruegel
d. Durer
64. Which was NOT true about Durer?
a, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany
b, A master of woodcut
c, Never being to Italy
d, A follower of Martin Luther
65. _____ discovered the Cape of Good Hope.
a. Nicolaus Copernicus
b. Bartholomen Dias
c. V asco Gama
d. Amerigo V espucci
66. Father of modern astronomy is ____.
a. Da Vinci
b. Amerigo V espucci
c. Nicolaus Copernicus
d. Marchiavelli
67. Andreas V esalius’s work _____ marked the beginning of a new era in the study of anatomy.
a. Fabrica
b. Lives of the Artist s
c. the Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs
d. Prince
68. V asari was best known for his entertaining biographies of _____.
a. Fabrica
b. Prince
c. the Divine Comedy
d. Lives of the Artist s
69. _____’s laws formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of _____ .
a.Kepler , heliocentric theory
b. Kepler , the laws of gravitation
c. Galileo , the colors of the spectrum
d. Copernicus, the laws of gravitation
70. _____’s theories have given rise to important developments of modern science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.
a. Galileo Galilei
b. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
c. Sir Isaac Newton
d. Johannes Kepler
71. In the first _____ , Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.
a.the Advancement of Learning
b.the New Atlantis
c. Essay Concerning human Understanding
d. Treatise of Civil Government
72. Thomas Hobbes’s _____ is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.
a.Leviathan
b.the Advancement of Learning
c. Essay Concerning human Understanding
d. Treatise of Civil Government
73. The theme of _____ is the fall of men.
a.New Method
b.Treatise of Civil Government
c.Essay Concerning human Understanding
d.Paradise Lost
74. _____ was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.
a. Corneille
b. Racine
c. Molière
d. Descartes
75. Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its climax?
a. Rubens
b. Bernini
c. Borromini
d. Caravaggio
76. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S. constitution? ______
a. John Locke
b. Rousseau
c. V oltaire
d. Montesquieu
77. In which of Diderot’s works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles Darwin? ______
a. Philosophical Thoughts
b. Rameau’s Nephew
c. Elements of Physiology
d. Encyclopedia
78. _____ , novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.
a. Walter Scott
b. Henry Fielding
c. Samuel Johnson
d. Samuel Richardson
79. Which of the Lessing’s works was a landmark in the 18th-century German drama?
_____
a. Minna Von Barnhelm
b. Laocoon
c. Hamburgische Dramaturgie
d. Nathan the Wise
80. In _____ , Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.
a. the Sorrow of Young Werther
b. Faust
c. Wilhelm Meister’s Travels
d. Poetry and Truth
81. Among Schiller’s works, _____ was a play best known to the Chinese audience.
a. The Robbers
b. Wallenstein
c. Cabal and Love
d. Wilhelm Tell
82. Kant’s years of his philosophical studies are crystallized in three difficult books; among them ,_____ was the most important single book by any modern philosopher.
a.General History of Nature and Theory of the Heavens
b.Critique of Practical Reason
c.Critiquue of Judgement
d.Critique of Pure Reason
83. It has been said that “ the world had waited centuries for _____ and he was only to remain here a moment”.
a. Beethoven
b. Haydn
c. Mozart
d. Bach
84. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novel? ______.
a. Goethe
b. Victor Hugo
c. Daniel Defoe d Walter Scott
85. Romanticism, which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, started from the ideas of ______ in France and from _____ movement in Germany.
a.Rousseau, the Storm and Stress
b. V oltaire, Hamburgische
c. Diderot, Pantheism
d. Montesquieu, Lyric Songs
86. In 1798, _______, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.
a. Songs of Experience
b. Lyrical Ballads
c. Isles of Greece
d. Ode to the West Wind
87. Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women’s freedom in love and marriage? _____
a. George Sand
b. Victor Hugo
c. Daniel Defoe
d. Henry Fielding
88. ______ stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, ______ is generally recognized as his masterpiece.
a. Lermontov, A Hero of Our Time
b. Pushkin, Luslan and Liudmila
c. Pushkin, Boris Godunov
d. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin
89. The publication of Mickiewicz’s _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.
a. Sonnets from the Crimea
b. Konrad Wallenrod
c. Ballads and Ramances
d. Pan Tadeusz
90. _____ was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on
the events of the day.
a. Goya
b. David
c. Delacroix
d. Gericault
91._____ was the foremost painter of the romantic movement in France.
a. Goya
b. David
c. Delacroix
d. Gericault
92. Beethoven’s _____ is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller’s Ode to Joy.
a. Symphony No. 3
b. Symphony No. 5
c. Symphony No. 6
d. Symphony No. 9
93. _____ sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic.
a. Berlioz
b. Chopin
c. Wagner
d. V erdi
94. Based on _____ , Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism.
a.the German classical philosophy
b.the English classical political economy
c.the Utopian Socialism
d.the Manifesto of the Communist Party
95. After his long and careful study, Marx discovered that _____ was the source of
profit, the source of the wealth of the capitalist class.
a. capital
b. surplus value
c. remuneration
d. property
96. Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of _____, so Marx discovered the law of development of _____.
a.the survival of the fittest, the communist party
b.the natural selection, the scientific socialism
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d717104253.html,anic nature, human history
d.natural species, historical societies
97. _____, a French naturalist, developed the ideas on the evolution of animals 50 years before Darwin.
a. Lamarck
b. Lyell
c. Marx
d. Henslow
98. In 1858 Darwin received a letter from _____, who, working independently, also came to the conclusion concerning the origin of the species by means of natural selection.
a. John Stevens Henslow
b. Charles Lyell
c. Thomas Huxley
d. Alfred Russel Wallace
99. According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, the evolution of species is the result of _____.
a. survival of the fittest
b. natural selection
c. all animal life
d. super-organic evolution
100. In Europe, the realist movement arose in _____ of the 19th century and had its origin in _____.
a. the 30s, Britain
b. the 40s, France
c. the 50s, France
d. the 60s, Britain
101. Zola defined the theory of _____ and illustrated it in his great work entitled _____.
a.naturalism, Les Rougen-Macquarts
b.naturalism, Madame Bovary
c.realism, the Human Comedy
d.realism, the Charterhouse of Parma
102. ____ was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.
a. Nikolai Gogol
b. Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev
c. Fyodor Dostoyevsky
d. Count Leo Tolstoy
103. ____ was the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West.
a. Nikolai Gogol
b. Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev
c. Fyodor Dostoyevsky
d. Count Leo Tolstoy
104. ____ by Fyodor Dostoyevsky is another study of criminal psychology.
a. The House of Death
b. The Brothers Karamzov
c. Crime and Punishment
d. Idiot
105. _____ holds an important position in his own country’s cultural history as an ethical philosopher and religious reformer.
a. Nikolai Gogol
b. Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev
c. Fyodor Dostoyevsky
d. Count Leo Tolstoy
106. Among Ibsen’s masterpieces, _____ is a plea for the emancipation of women.
a. Ghosts
b. A Doll’s House
c. the Wild Duck
d. Hedda Gabler
107. August Strindberg’s first significant play was _____ which is considered Sweden’s first great drama.
a. the Son of Servant
b. A Fool’s Defense
c. Master Olaf
d. the Dance of Death
108. Among Ch arles Dickens’s works, _____ has the most intricate, complicated plot.
a. Oliver Twist
b. Hard Times
c. David Copperfield
d. Bleak House
109. _____, George Eliot’s masterpiece, is regarded by some critics as the finest English novel of the 19th century.
a. Middlemarch
b. The Mill on the Floss
c. Adam Bede
d. Silas Marner
110. _____, Whitman’s best known poem, expresses his grief over the death of Lincoln.
a. Song of Myself
b. When Lilacs Last in the Dooeyard Bloom’d
c. I sit and Look Ou t
d. Leaves of Grass
111. _____ was noted for his great psychological subtlety and devotion to the art of fiction and was hailed as “ the Master beyond all masters”.
a. Walt Whitman
b. Mark Twain
c. Henry James
d. George Eliot
112. Millet’s works, such as _____, generally depict one or two peasant figures quietly engaged in earthly or domestic toil.
a. the Sower
b. the Stonebreakers
c. the Portrait of a Lady
d. Burial at Ornans
113. The term “ impressionism” was taken directly from the title of _____ Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).
a. Renoir’s
b. Pissarro’s
c. Manet’s
d. Monet’s 114. _____ was particularly good at doing portraits of ballet dancers in opera houses.
a. Renoir
b. Degas
c. Monet
d. Pissarro
115. ______ reacted against impressionism by using color to suggest his own emotion and temperament.
a. Paul Cézanne
b. Paul Gauguin
c. Vincent van Gogh
d. Auguste Rodin
116. _____ led sculpture into the realm of Art for Art’s Sake , and was the first sculptor of genius since Bernini in Renaissance Italy.
a. Paul Cézanne
b. Paul Gauguin
c. Vincent van Gogh
d. Auguste Rodin
117. _____ has been described as the founder of modern musical impressionism.
a.Claude Deussy
b. Antonín Dvorák
c. Sibelius
d. R. Strauss
118. _____ was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.
a. Realism
b. Naturalism
c. Modernism
d. Impressionism
119. _____ discovered X-rays in 1895.
a. Becquerel
b. Roentgen
c. Soddy
d. Einstein 120. In Freudian system, _____ is the container of the instinctual urges.
a. Id
b. Oedipus Complex
c. Superego
d. Ego 121. T.S. Eliot’s long poem _____ is his major contribution to English poetr y.
a.the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
b. Four Quartets
c. the Waste Land
d. imagism
122. _____ by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.
a. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
b. Dubliners
c. Finnegans Wake
d. Ulysses
123. The major theme of Thomas Mann’s novel _____ is the psychological effect of isolation.
a. the Buddenbrooks
b. the Magic Mountain
c. the Counterfeiters
d. Remembrance of Things Past
124. Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, _____ , written between 1925 and 1940.
a. My Apprenticeship
b. The Stranger
c. The Quiet Don
d. Remembrance of Things Past
125. The term “ Angry Y oung Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of _____ play Look Back in Anger (1956).
a. John Osborne’s
b. Kingsley Amis’s
c. Allen Ginsberg’s
d. Jack Kerouac’s
126. _____ poem Howl, written in 1956, was regarded as an important development in American poetry.
a. John Osborne’s
b. Kingsley Amis’s
c. Allen Ginsberg’s
d. Jack Kerouac’s
127. _____ is kno wn as the first “ cubist” novel: in his novels , one finds a precise, neutral description of things, registered with a camera’s eye.
a. Samuel Beckett
b. Nathalie Sarraute
c. Jean-Paul Sartre
d. Alain Robbe-Grillet
128. _____ masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot(1952), which was remembered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama.
a. Nathalie Sarraute’s
b. Samuel Beckett’s
c. Jean-Paul Sartre’s
d. Alain Robbe-Grillet’s
129. _____ drew mustache upon Mona Liza, a photograph of Mona Liza, as if defacing a attack upon those who had betrayed the humanist idea of the Italian Renaissance.
a. Marcel Duchamp
b. Umberto Boccioni
c. Salvador Dali
d. Jackson Pollock
130. _____ by Igor Stravinsky is among the most famous and most important compositions written in the 20th century.
a.Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op.60 (Leningrad)
b. A Survivor From Warsaw, Op.46 (chorus and orchestra)
c.The Rite of Spring
d.The Firebird
II, Match the names of Column A with the appropriate items of Column B.
Part One
Column A Column B
1. Sophocles a. the founder of the inductive method
2. Democritus b. Don Giovanni
3. Virgil c. one of the earliest exponents of the atomic
theory
4. Thomas Aquinas d. a universal genius
5. Da Vinci e. The Execution of the Third of May
6. John Calvin f. Eugene Onegin
7. Andreas V esalius g. the Oedipus complex
8. Giorgio V asari h. The Aeneid
9. Goya i. Fabrica
10. Percy Bysshe Shelley j. Prometheus Unbound
11. Alessandro Manzoni k. Critique of Pure Reason
12. Aleksander Pushkin l. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs
13. Immanuel Kant m. Encyclopédie
14. Jean-Jacques Rousseau n. the first to use the term Renaissance
15. René Descartes o. Institutes of the Christian Religion
16. Francis Bacon p. the supreme figure in scholasticism
17. Nicolaus Copernicus q. The Betrothed
18. Jean Racin r. The Social Contract
19. Diderot s. Phaèdra
20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart t. the founder of analytical geometry
Part Two
Column A Column B
1. Karl Marx a. Symphony in E Major(“From the New
World”)
2. Charles Darwin b. The Portrait of A Lady
3. Stendhal c. The Charterhouse of Parma
4. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov d. The German Ideology
5. George Bernard Shaw e. Remembrance of Things Past
6. Henry James f. Catch-22
7. édouard Manet g. The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems
8. Auguste Rodin h. Man and Superman
9. Antonín Dvorák i. The Thinker
10. Joseph Conrad j. Symphony No.7 in C Major( Leningrad )
11. William Butler Y eats k. Portrait of A Man Unknown
12. William Faulkner l. Lord Jim
13. Marcel Proust m. The Luncheon on the Grass
14. Jack Kerouac n. On the Origin of Species
15. Nathalie Sarraute o. As I Lay Dying
16. Jean-Paul Sartre p. The Man in the Shell
17. Joseph Heller r. Being and Nothingness
18. Max Beckmann s. On the Road
19. Pablo Picasso t. The Dream
20. Dmitry Shostakovich q. Three Dancers
III. Decide the following statements true or false.
1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.
2.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “ man is the measure of all things.”
3.V enus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.
4.Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in
many Western countries.
5.The Romans greatly admired Greek works and freely borrowed from them. And
besides being profound, powerful and beautiful, their own writings showed little originality.
6.After 392 A.D., Christianity had changed from an object of oppression to a
weapon in the hands of the ruling class to crush their opponents.
7.The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history,
literature, philosophy and record of great minds
8.The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, the New Testament in a
popular form of Latin.
9.During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The
only organization that seemed to unite Europe was feudalism.
10.Some of the hermits were great scholars known as “ Father of the Church”, whose
work is generally considered orthodox.
11.Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times
and e ventually was crowned “ Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800.
12.Dante’s the Divine Comedy while itself is the greatest Christian poem with a
profound vision of the medieval Christian world, expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.
13.The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western
Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th .
14.Where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was
literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.
15.After Reformation, in religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms
of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.
16.Pierre de Ronsard wrote the first literary history criticism in the literary history of
France.
17.Chritopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American
continent was named after him.
18.It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in
England and with René Descartes in France.
19.The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: “ I doubt, therefore I think: I
think , therefore I am.”
20.Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by dramatic intensity and
sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color.
21.The designing and building of St. Paul’s Cathedral is the landmark in French
architecture.
22.The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were two 17th century
Englishmen Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton.
23.The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are known
as the Viennese School.
24.The representatives of the Later Romantics in music are Berlioz, Liszt, Wagner,
V erdi, Brahms, and Tchaikovsky.
25.As Isaac Newton dominated 17th-century science with his discovery of the laws
governing the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin dominated 18th-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the evolution of man himself.
26.Mark Twain is just called “the Lincoln of American literature”. His novel The
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been considered the first modern American novel.
27.Sigmund Freud was the “father” of Psychoanalysis, a new school of psychology
embodying revolutionary and controversial views of human dream.
28.The “Theatre of the Absurd” is a term referring to the works of some European,
particularly French, playwrights of the 1950s and 60s. The word “absurd”
originated from the works of Camus, who saw human spirit as “absurd”.
29.Black humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man’s
fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can’t do anythin g about it, therefore we may as well laugh.
30.Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to
communicate one’s inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.
IV. Explain the following.
1.The Bible ( p 51 and others )
2.Renaissance ( p 125 )
3.John Lock ( p204)
4.Lugwig von Beethoven
5.Baroque Art ( p 217 )
6.Enlightenment ( pp 223-224 )
7.Romanticism ( pp 275-276 )
8.Realism ( pp 363-364 )
9.Dadaism ( p 488 )
10.The Human Comedy ( p 368 )
11.The Spirit of the Laws （p235）
12.Marxism （p339）
完整版欧洲文化入门参考资料
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四川大学外国语学院638 基础英语、918 英语专业综合知识考
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《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案
欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案 第一章 填空题： 1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian 2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey 3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides 4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus 5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides 6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C. 7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar 8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly. 判断题 1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes 2. Herodotus’s historical writing i s on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians 名词解释： 1. Pax Romana 答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana 2. “Democracy” in a ncient Greece 答：1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens. 2）Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy. 论述题： 1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop? 1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics. 2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C. A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century. B. The establishment of democracy. C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens. 3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta. 4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he went
欧洲文化入门
《欧洲文化概论》是由外语教学研究出版社出版的中国大学英语专业教材。书中介绍了欧洲各个历史时期和人物的典故、语录、成语、人名、地名等，并按时间顺序具体简洁地描述了欧洲从古至今的历史。本书通过对欧洲不同时期的思想、科技、政治、社会等方面的重要时代和人物进行英语教学，使学习英语的学生更好地了解欧洲历史文化，从而使英语学习更加顺利，更好地掌握英语语言和文化。 1相关概要编辑 《欧洲文化入门》是一本中国大学英语系的教科书，为了教学需要而编写的。学习英语的中国大学生在阅读英文书刊和同英语国家人士的交往中，往往感到由于缺乏欧洲文化知识而增加了许多困难。英语中有数不清的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等等来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作或者牵涉到各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物。如果对这些所知无多，读书未必全懂，对谈也难顺利。而一旦对这些有了较多知识，则不仅了解程度会提高，而且由于通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学得更好[1] 2课程目的编辑 为学习英语的学生而设，因此用英语讲授，提到的地名，人名，书名，事件的名称等等也按英语惯例拼写，例如用Aristotle而不是Aristote （法）或Aristoteles（德）。 3课程内容编辑 欧洲文化的重要方面都讲到，但由于材料太多，又必须突出中心，为
此本书采用历史叙述法，将全部内容 分为10个大题按照时间顺序来讲，如下： 1 希腊，罗马文化； 2 基督教及其《圣经》； 3 中世纪； 4 文艺复兴与宗教改革； 5 17世纪； 6 启蒙运动； 7 浪漫主义； 8 马克思主义与达尔文学说； 9 现实主义； 10现代主义及其他。 在每题之内也已介绍最重要的基本事实为主，讲述力求具体扼要。以下是总目录（主干），其实每个目录下都包含还有很多内容（枝节），在本书中都有详细介绍Contents: Introduction https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d717104253.html,es of the Subject 2.Two Major Elements in European Culture DIVISION ONE GREEK CULTURE AND ROMAN CULTURE I. Greek Culture Questions for Revision
自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日 姓名学号学院班级 Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each) ———— was the founder of scientific mathematics. A. Pythagoras B. Democritus C. Aristotle D. Diogenes 2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by Dante? A. Plato B. Socrates C. Aristotle D. Cicero 3. ________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay. A. Thucydides B. Herodotus C. Socrates D. Aristotle 4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ . A. Moses B. Joshua C. Saul D. David 5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal? A. Domitian B. Valerian C. Constantine D. Theodosius 6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ . A. wanderers B. travelers C. traders D. merchants 7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central Asia. A. Turkish B. Huns C. Athens D. Roman 8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the center of trade and community activity. A. bridge B. church building C. village D. subway 9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors. A. Milan B. Florence C. Venice D. the papal states 10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and
嵌入式系统原理与接口复习要点及思考题答案(计)
嵌入式系统原理与接口复习要点及思考题答案(计)
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2.理解片内Flash的3种编程方法。 3.理解ARM7芯片存储器存储空间分布。（8个bank，每个bank32MB）第3章掌握要点 3.1节ARM编程模式：处理器模式、处理器工作状态、寄存器组织、 异常中断 3.2节指令格式和寻址方式 3.3节指令系统：掌握和熟练应用课件所讲的指令、可编程序段 第5章掌握要点 5.1节键盘接口：行扫描法原理、掌握编写驱动程序 5.2节 LED显示器接口：理解工作原理，掌握编写驱动程序 5．5.1节 UART异步串行接口：异步通信格式、接收的4种错误类型、初始化、发送程序、接收程序 第1章作业题答案： 1.什么是嵌入式系统？ ?第一种，根据IEEE（国际电气和电子工程师协会）的定义：嵌入式系统是“用于控制、监视或者辅助操作机器和设备的装置”（原文为devices used to control, monitor, or assist the operation of equipment, machinery or plants）。 ?第二种，嵌入式系统是以应用为中心、以计算机技术为基础、软件硬件可裁剪、功能、可靠性、成本、体积、功耗严格要求的专 用计算机系统。
欧洲文化入门要点
WEEK 1-3 Reformation and Counter-Reformation P138-139 The Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It begin with Martin Luther‘s 95 thesis in 1517. This movement aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible, The demands of the reformists: ---direct communication between the individual and God ---simplifying rituals ---abolishing heavy taxes levied on their countrymen ---abolishing the indulgences 1) Pre-Luther Religious Reformers John Wycliffe (about 1330?a1384) p-139 Chief forerunner of Reformation. English theologian and religious reformer. He believed that Christ is man??s only overlord and that salvation depends upon predestination and grace rather than on membership of a visible church. He took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time. Jan Hus (1372-1415) A Bohemian Czech religious leader, theologian. Attacked the abuses of the Church/ was imprisoned and exiled/ was burnt at stake / the Hus War 2) Martin Luther(1483-1546) and His Doctrines Martin Luther was the German leader of the Protestant Reformation. His doctrine marked the first break in the unity of the Catholic Church. Beginning of the Reformation p-140 Translation of the Bible Gospel of love and Ideas of Equality In the history of Germany, Martin Luther was more than a religious leader, he was a fighter for democracy and nationalism, a humanist who helped to build a competent educational system and a writer whose forceful language helped fix the standards of the modern German language 3) John Calvin (1509-1564) and Calvinism Calvin was a French theologian. His Institutes of the Christian Religion was considered one of the most influential theological works of all times. Presbyterian government Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the God’s will, holding that only those specially elected by God are saved. Calvinism was one of the main courses of the capitalist spirit 4) Reformation in England p-143 John Knox Scottish Presbyterianism Henry VIII / matrimonial affairs / Catherine Aragon / Anne Boleyn In 1534, the Act of Supremacy marked the formal break of the British with the papal
欧洲文化入门总复习题
欧洲文化入门复习题（2、3章） 一：选择（51’） 1:Hebrew---Israelite---Jew Jew---Jewish---Judaism Judaism---Christianity 2:Pentateuch(摩西五经)：Genesis(创世纪)、Exodus(出埃及记)、Leviticus(利未记)、Numbers(民数计)、Deuteronomy(申命记) 3：The fall of man: Adam and Eve、the Garden of Eden 4: Noah’s Ark 5:Moses(a famous Hebrew leader) 、Exodus、40 years、the mountainous Sinai、Ten Commandments 6:While in Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues(大会堂) to practise their religion. 7:如今有多少犹太人？15 million 8:Jesus 出生地：那瑟勒死亡地：耶路撒冷郊外髑髅地·各各地 Baptism: 30 years、John baptist 9:Diocletian destroyed、Constantine and the Edict of Milan in 133、Theodosius official 10: the new testament(新约)：the birth、teaching、death（The Crucifixion耶稣被钉十字架）、resurrection of Jesus 11：现代英语两大宝库：the English Bible and Shakespeare 12:228 years 13:the Code of Chivalry：to protect the week, to fight for church, to be loyal to his lord, to respect women of noble birth. 14:half civilized Germanic tribes: Visigoths, the Franks, the Angle and Saxons, the Vandals 15:Feudalism(封建主义) the Manor(庄园) serfs(农奴) Charles Martel in 732. 16:After 1054, the Roman Catholic church and Eastern Orthodox church 17:three groups in feudalism: clergy(牧师最高) lords peasants(农民最低) 18：the crusades(十字军) 8 times 200 years By 1291, the moslems had taken over the last Christain stronghold. 19:Emperor of the Romans(神圣罗马皇帝): Charlemagne(查理曼大帝) 20:Alfred the Great(Anglo-Saxdon) contributed to medieval European culture 21:real scientific progress began in the 12th and 13th centuries. Roger bacon(a monk) is an advocate of scientific research.Opus maius, and encyclopedia（自然哲学总则） 22:National Epics: Beowulf(Anglo-saxon/英国) Song of Roland(French/法国) 荷马史诗代表作Iliad(伊利亚特）和Odysse（奥德赛） Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里乔叟) and the Canterbury tales(坎特伯雷故事) 23：Romanesque(罗马建筑) Gothic(哥特式建筑)：stained glass windows are the Holy Scriptures 24:哲学三杰（苏格拉底，柏拉图，亚里士多德）顺序不能打乱 二：简答（6道） 1:Two Major Elements in European Culture
欧洲文化入门中文版课件
第一章希腊罗马文化 希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源，所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。我们先看希腊的发展。 希腊文明分为几个时期，她形成于公元前800－500年，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。 这段历史的重要大事有： 1、公元前12世纪，随着特洛伊人的入侵，希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）。这里要注意的是，荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。荷马生活在公元前700年。 2、公元前6世纪，希腊世界开始有了全面改变，为后来的古典时代打开了通途。其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会，公元前594年，梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官，他的贡献在于，在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位，是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。 3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌，因而在公元前431
年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。战争最终以雅典的失败而告终。修昔底得这位历史上最伟大的历史学家在其作品中，详尽描写了这一战争。 4、伯罗奔尼撒战争后，斯巴达专横跋扈，底比斯和雅典为求相互保护而结成新的联盟。公元前371年，马其顿国王腓力二世打败了底比斯和雅典联军，他的闻名世界的儿子亚历山大大帝统治了希腊。至此，古典时代结束，希腊化时代即将开始。 古典时代的希腊造就了一批哲学家和剧作家。哲学家主要以苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德为代表。苏格拉底提出自由辩论的重要性。柏拉图的目标是要实现一个既能维持贵族特权，又可为贫苦阶级接受的社会，并构件了唯心主义的根基。亚力士多德寻求自然界和人类社会各个方面的秩序。剧作家有埃斯库罗斯、阿里斯托芬、索福克勒斯。这一时期希腊也造就了像阿基米德和欧几里得这样的数学家，以及像希罗多德和修昔底得这样伟大的历史学家。 希腊的艺术和建筑在神庙上得到最高体现。著名的雅典卫城的圣地帕台侬神庙就是卫雅典娜女神建造的。 接下来我们从希腊文明走向罗马文明。 希腊化时代与罗马时代前期相互交融，最终过渡到罗马时代。罗马时代经历了早期共和国（公元前509－公元前264年）、后期共和国（公元前265－公元前27年）、早期帝国（公元前27年－公元284年）和后期帝国（284－476年）。公元前500年，