新视野期末英语试卷

unit 1

Part 2

Usually at this point in your 11. a new culture, you 12.

yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping

mechanism is called " 13.This happens when you pretend

that everything is 14.15.

"regression". This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and

sometimes you become careless and 16.

defense mechanism is called "isolation". You would rather be home alone,

and you don't want to 17.anybody. With isolation, you

try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least that's 18.

think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms

you can use because it 19.from those things that could

really help you. The last type of defense mechanism is called " 20.

anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you don't try to ask for help.

Part 3

Building Solid Foundations

When it comes to the construction (建造) of a building, few people would argue about the importance of establishing a strong foundation. It's not different in building a business, a family, or a life.

In 2000, we watched the failure of many Internet-based companies. One of the reasons for this is that these companies were built without solid foundations. A company needs more than just money and material to satisfy its basic needs; it also requires a firm base from which to build.

The emphasis (重点) today is on instant satisfaction. But if we want to build something of value, something that will last, we must build a foundation that will support our goal. It takes effort and it takes conviction, but the rewards are worth it.

Keep Your Eyes on What You're Building

There was once a man passing by a construction site. He stopped and asked one of the tradesmen what he was doing. The worker replied simply, "I'm laying bricks(砖), can't you see that?" The man watched a while longer and then asked another worker what he was doing. "I'm just earning a living," he replied.

A third time the man asked a worker and the response was much different, "I'm building a beautiful church."

No doubt the personal happiness and the quality of the work from the last man was much better than from the first two.

And what about us? Are we just collecting a pay check, doing hard dull work — laying bricks? Or are we building churches?

By staying focused on what we're building and seeing the task at hand as accomplishing that purpose, we'll gain greater satisfaction, our work will be lighter, and we'll create more excellence.

Foundations Take Time

I recently watched a building being built. (I must admit I was tempted to ask some of the workers what they were doing.) For months, there seemed to be little progress. There was plenty of dust, lots of activity, but very few signs that anything was really happening.

That's because they were building the foundation—the foundation to support a great structure. And that takes time.

The engineers, the head builders, and the owner certainly weren't standing around saying, "Where's the building? Why can't I see more progress?" They knew that a majority of the time to construct the building would be spent in laying the groundwork.

Once the foundation is ready, the rest of the construction happens at fast speed. Even mistakes made in the superstructure (上层建筑) can be corrected without too much difficulty. But faults in the foundation CANNOT be easily repaired and will threaten the entire structure.

And why should what we build be any different? We need to put strong foundations under our dreams, our businesses, and our relationships. I believe that this is where many people struggle. They're too focused on the rewards and don't give enough attention to the hard work and careful planning required in building the substructure (基础建筑). They want to start putting up walls and bringing in the business too soon. And in the end, most fail because there is not the right support.

A strong foundation, built with good materials and a great deal of effort, will make your structure one that stands up to all attacks and fully supports your efforts.

547 words)

21. In creating something, it's important to ________________.

A. have a strong foundation

B. have the support of family

C. have few people to argue

D. have a firm construction

22. Many internet companies failed, because people thought

________________.

A. failing was impossible

B. having money and material was enough

C. satisfying themselves was basic

D. having a firm base came first

23. Our focus today is on ________________.

A. supportive foundations

B. instant conviction

C. immediate satisfaction

D. worthwhile rewards

24. Which of the men had personal happiness? ________________

A. The man passing by.

B. The man laying bricks.

C. The man making a living.

D. The man constructing a church.

25. If we regard the task we are doing as accomplishing a purpose, we'll

________________.

A. feel more satisfied and do a better job

B. collect a big pay check

C. be tempted to ask more questions

D. create lots of activity

26. Constructing the foundation of a building ________________.

A. requires great support

B. needs a lot of time

C. shows great progress

D. happens at fast speed

27. People closely related to the building being built ________________.

A. wondered where the building was

B. stood around talking about the building

C. understood the groundwork takes time

D. spent a lot of money on the groundwork

28.

29. Instead of focusing on rewards, builders should build a good foundation

30. A strong foundation enables your structure to stand up to all attacks

Part 4

I used to go to Starbucks (星巴克) for their coffee, but that's changed since I discovered their comforting, tasty teas, which are better than coffee any time. Tea is cool even when it's hot. People drink more tea than any other drink in the world, except for water.

Whether it's served hot or cold, natural and flavored teas are drinks that have been consumed (消费) for centuries. Everywhere you look, you'll find various kinds of teas―in restaurants, grocery stores, television advertisements, and gift shops.

Why is there all this excitement about tea? What's its attraction? Well, there are many possibilities for why more and more people are drinking tea. One

possibility is that people are coming to notice the benefits of drinking tea, particularly green tea. Studies show that drinking four cups of green tea a day can reduce the risk of developing various types of cancer, as well as heart disease. The key to tea's effects of cure seems to lie in chemicals found in tea which prevent a process that leads to the growth of cancers. Green tea may also prevent skin cancer. It has also been linked with helping the body to rid itself of harmful materials, and green tea is thought to possibly protect against colds and Parkinson's (帕金森) disease.

Another explanation for why people are drinking more tea may be due to the comforting process of just making a cup of tea. The time it takes to prepare tea leaves in hot water and enjoy its gentle flavor forces drinkers to slow down and relax a while, making it the perfect way to improve a world where people are so crazy about cappuccino（热牛奶咖啡）, a hot coffee with milk in it.

So, whether you drink tea, eat it in foods, wear it to smell good, or take it in pills, one thing is certain, the use of tea is more than a trend―it is a habit of our past and if studies prove the benefit of its use, it will undoubtedly be an important element of our future.

31. Nowadays, among all the drinks in the world, tea is __________.

A. the most widely consumed drink

B. as widespread as coffee

C. even more widely consumed than water

D. the second most widely consumed drink

32. The passage does not mention __________ as a possible benefit of drinking

tea.

A. preventing skin cancer

B. helping the body to rid itself of harmful material

C. curing Parkinson's disease

D. reducing the risk of developing cancer

33. It is good to drink tea because the time it takes to prepare a cup of

tea _________.

A. allows the tea leaves to absorb enough water

B. enables drinkers to relax

C. is suitable for people to get some news

D. can improve the quality of cappuccino

34. The writer suggests that in the future people will probably ___________.

A. follow the trend and go on drinking tea

B. drink more water than tea

C. form the habit of eating tea leaves in foods

D. take tea as an important part of their life

35. The passage is mainly about ____________.

A. the benefits of drinking tea

B. the benefits of drinking coffee

C. using tea leaves in fortune telling

D. advising people to drink tea and water

Culture shock might be called an expected disease of people who have suddenly moved to some foreign countries. Like most diseases, it has its own symptoms and cure.

Culture shock is started by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and sights of social activities. Those signs or cues (提示) include the thousand and one ways in which we find our place in the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues,

which may be words, gestures, expressions with the face, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.

Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a number of supports have been knocked out from under you followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People respond to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. "The ways of the host country are bad because they make me feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another stage of culture shock is regression. The home country suddenly assumes a great importance. To the foreigner everything becomes much greater than it really is. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.

36. According to the passage, culture shock is _________________.

A. an expected disease of foreign people

B. may lead to very serious symptoms

C. actually not a disease

D. something that can't be changed

37. According to the passage, culture shock results from ________________.

A. the sudden loss of our own signs and sights of social activities

B. the sudden change of our daily habits

C. the sudden change of the social situation and customs

D. the discomfort that we feel when faced with a foreigner

38. Which one of the following may NOT be the symptoms of culture shock?

A. You don't know how to express your thanks.

B. You don't know how to greet other people.

C. You suddenly forget what a word means.

D. You don't understand why a foreigner acts in a certain way.

39. How would a person who stays abroad most probably act when he is

frustrated by the culture shock according to the passage?

A. He is most likely to refuse to absorb the strange environment at first.

B. He may begin to hate the people or things around him.

C. He is ready to accept the change and change himself to the new

environment.

D. Although he takes the cultural differences to be regular, he still

doesn't know what to do with them.

40. This passage is most likely taken from ______________.

A. a news report

B. a grammar book

C. a book on medicine and psychology

D. an essay on human customs

Polygamy is a funny thing―funny ha ha, as well as peculiar. One thinks of the 19th-century Mormon leader, Brigham Young, with his 55 wives (in those days, they said, women married Young). Devout (虔敬的) Mormons hold that a message from God told Young to go ahead and start collecting wives. Skeptics (怀疑者), of course, say that there was something else to this. In any case, it proved to be an efficient means of enabling Mormons to outnumber skeptics. And in fairness, some of his wives were elderly women whom he married out of kindness and not because he was attracted to them.

I find it very curious that Western countries, despite how much they pride themselves for their liberalism (人文自由主义) about what willing adults do

with one another, have been slow to permit willing adults to marry each other at a rate more than one at a time.

What business is it of the states how many people I marry? And by the way, if one can enter into a common law marriage by living with someone for seven years, can one enter into a common law polygamy by living with two? I'd love to see that test case.

But what would it really be like to have multiple spouses? Most men I've asked answer immediately with a knowing smile. And those are the intelligent ones. Their minds immediately create an image something like a sexual (性的) version (看法) of a Hong Kong Sunday lunch, with many dishes to taste.

In truth, the idea scares me. I spend half my waking hours trying to deal with my childish consciousness to the civilized state known as marriage. It's only by total luck I can hold on to any of my natural state-of-nature qualities—watching violent movies, eating bad food, and acting poorly, the way that men can act poorly when free from the control of women. What if I were outnumbered?

Then there's the spectre (幻影，魔鬼) of a double settlement (解决) if the woman leaves. Modern marriage might be a raw deal for women, but it can be hell (地狱) on men when women leave. Little wonder that men, who write the laws, discourage polygamy. But then again, Mark Twain might have been right; maybe it was just the mother-in-law jokes.

41. What does the word "polygamy" most probably mean in the first sentence?

A. Funny stories.

B. Interesting events.

C. Having more than one wife at the same time.

D. Organizing a social act.

42. According to the passage, which one of the following statements is true?

A. In the 19th century, polygamy was considered a regular practice.

B. Young's wives were all very beautiful and attractive.

C. Polygamy began in the 1800s.

D. Some people think that polygamy is a good idea.

43. The author thinks that the government ______________.

A. should stop polygamy and promote monogamy (一夫一妻制)

B. should not stop polygamy while promoting monogamy

C. should establish laws against polygamy

D. should stop both monogamy and polygamy

44. Which one of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. Most men welcome the idea of polygamy out of curiosity.

B. Most men like to have more than one wife for sexual purposes.

C. Most women do not like the idea of polygamy.

D. The author thinks that polygamy is needed for the modern world.

45. What does the phrase "a raw deal" mean in the last paragraph?

A. A new experience.

B. An unfair treatment.

C. An activity which is not agreed on.

D. A heavy blow.

Part 2

16.We all felt surprised on hearing that George, our friend, was charged

17.

on the ship.

18.

produce no solid proof.

19.

night sky.

20.

Diana focused her woman in black standing at the gate of the restaurant far across the street.

21.We have been relaxing ourselves the whole day. Now it's time to focus

22.

Alexander works even harder.

23.

life style in big cities.

24.She didn't get excited at people's cheers and praise easily anymore as

25.

his career.

Part 3

26. When people admire his ________ achievements, they seldom think of the

frustration he has experienced.

A. single

B. singular

C. small

D. easy

27. Everyone is amazed at the _________ growth of this city; it has been so

different from what it was five years ago.

A. explosive

B. expanding

C. expensive

D. excessive

28. Jack is a strong __________, but you could beat him if you perform at

your highest level.

A. opponent

B. partner

C. friend

D. mate

29. Though he didn't answer my questions quickly, the look on his face

___________ that he was satisfied with me.

A. indicated

B. input

C. increased

D. interacted

30. Having lost his job and his family, Jerry felt himself __________ by anger

and sadness.

A. experienced

B. overcome

C. experience

D. overcame

31. In the geography class, the teacher explained wind and water might cause

soil ____________.

A. pollution

B. excellence

C. explosion

D. erosion

32. The __________ of this recipe (烹饪法) was made public one year after

it was put into the market.

A. formula

B. form

C. flavor

D. frown

33. Lots of birds were flying among the trees branches. What a(n) ___________

view!

A. explosive

B. amused

C. amazing

D. terrified

34. The woman with golden hair was taken away by the security guards on

__________ of being a criminal.

A. suspect

B. suspicion

C. doubt

D. belief

35. We will spare no efforts to provide more ___________ products to our

customers.

A. competitive

B. competing

C. competed

D. competition

Part 4

The Olympics remains the most 36.

for the https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d18655625.html,petition 38.Athletes 39.

complete failure to compete for 40.

their country and themselves. To achieve such honor, one must both

perform 41.42.

it must be admitted that performance-enhancing drugs are 43.

so never receive the only true reward the Olympics has to offer: honor.

And, they never experience the glory of winning through the 44.

45.

Part 5

English food is thought of poorly in other countries. This is most probably because foreigners in England are often obliged (不得不) to eat in the more fast-food type of restaurant. Here it is necessary to prepare food rapidly in large amounts, and the taste of the food inevitably suffers, though its quality, from the point of view of nourishment (营养), is quite satisfactory. Still, it is rather dull and not always pleasantly presented. Moreover, the Englishman eating in a cheap or medium price restaurant is usually in a hurry (at least at lunch), and a meal eaten in a leisurely way in pleasant surroundings is always far more enjoyable than a meal taken quickly in a business-like environment. In general, it is possible to get a good meal at a reasonable price; in fact, such a meal may be less expensive than similar food in other countries. For those with money to spare, there are restaurants that compare favorably with the best in any country.

In many countries breakfast is a snack (点心) rather than a meal, but the typical English breakfast is a full meal. Some people have a bowl of hot or cold cereal(谷物) to begin with. Then comes a large and filling course, usually cooked, such as bacon (腊肉) and eggs, or some other type of meat. Yorkshire ham (火腿) is also a breakfast many people enjoy. Afterwards comes toast, with butter and marmalade (果子酱), and perhaps some fruit. Tea or coffee is drunk with the meal. Many English people now take such a full breakfast only on Sunday morning.

46. Food in the more fast-food type of restaurant in Britain is always

_____________.

A. served in large amounts

B. very pleasant in appearance

C. quite acceptable for foreigners

D. not so delicious

47. According to the passage, English food is _______________ in terms of

nourishment.

A. actually quite satisfactory

B. not good at all

C. always very simple

D. always taken in pleasant surroundings despite its poor taste

48. Foreigners in Britain always choose to ____________________.

A. eat the most typical food

B. have a full breakfast every day

C. buy the least expensive food

D. have their meals in the more fast-food type of restaurant

49. Which of the following statements is probably true?

A. Englishmen always talk about time while eating.

B. The same meal would be more enjoyable if eaten in better surroundings.

C. It's almost impossible for any British restaurant to rank among the

best in the world.

D. People can hardly get enough food at a reasonable price in Britain.

50. Which of the following statements is probably NOT true?

A. Many Englishmen have a full breakfast only once a week.

B. Typical breakfast in Britain is a meal rather than a snack.

C. Englishmen are so stuck in their old ways that they have a full

breakfast every day.

D. English people always have tea or coffee with a full breakfast instead

of fruit juice.

Television carries more national advertising than any other medium in the United States. The same is true in some smaller countries such as Spain and Portugal, where it is the only medium reaching a general national audience. In many countries, (Sweden and Denmark, for example) the state-owned television accepts no advertising. In many other countries the amount of commercial (商业广告) time is very much limited, as in France, Germany, and Italy. Russian state-owned television began accepting a limited amount of advertising in 1988.

The chief reason that television is so well liked among United States advertisers is that it reaches a vast number of people at the same time. While it can cost well over 100,000 dollars, a 30-second commercial on network television can be seen and heard by as many as 25 million viewers. For companies that must make prospects aware of their products and convince them of their benefits immediately, there is nothing as efficient as television advertising.

Because it employs motion as well as words, pictures, sounds, and music, television is a valuable medium for products that lend themselves to demonstration. No other medium is as effective in showing how quickly an automobile can move or how well a certain type of wristwatch will stand up under heavy use and continue to run. In the same way, it is an ideal medium for showing how some products can make a person feel better about him- or herself, such as long-distance telephone calls.

51. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. There is less advertising on TV in Spain than in Sweden.

B. One can never see any commercial on TV in Denmark since it is not

accepted at all.

C. The amount of commercial time is very much limited in most European

countries.

D. French people don't have to worry about being troubled by commercials.

52. According to the passage, what is the main reason United States

advertisers like television so much?

A. It communicates information more quickly.

B. Every household has at least one TV set.

C. It communicates information to a vast number of people at the same

time.

D. American people love watching TV more than reading.

53. The word prospects in the 2nd paragraph means _____________.

A. potential customers

B. competitors

C. working staff at TV stations

D. partners

54. Which of the following is employed in TV advertising?

A. Motion

B. Sounds and music.

C. Pictures

D. All of the above.

55. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Television is as efficient as newspaper in demonstration benefits of

a certain product or service.

B. Television is a valuable medium in demonstrating benefits of a certain

product or service.