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名词性、动词性、形容词性短语

名词性、动词性、形容词性短语
名词性、动词性、形容词性短语

名词性、动词性、形容词性短语

导读:上一讲我们已经讲过,短语按结构分类可以分为主谓短语等十余种,今天,我们从语法功能角度,可以将短语分为三类:。

从语法功能上看,短语既可以充当不同的句子成分,又可以带上特定的语调单独成句。不能单独成句的只有“的”字短语、介词短语等少数几类。根据短语的语法功能,短语可以分为三类:名词性短语、动词性短语、形容词性短语。

(一)名词性短语

名词性短语的功能相当于名词,它们在句子中经常充当主语、宾语、定语等。名词性短语包括:定中短语、量词短语、同位短语、方位短语、的字短语、由名词作直接成分的联合短语、由名词充当谓语的主谓短语。

在语言实际运用中,名词性短语也有充当状语的,常见的是表示时间、处所的定中短语和方位短语,例如“明年春天见”、“院子里,孩子们在玩游戏”。此外,不少单音节形容词修饰双音节名词构成的定中短语,也常作状语,例如“大面积播种”、“小规模试验”等。由物量词构成的量词短语,一般作定语,但是重叠后,常作状语,例如“一箱一箱地搬”、“一个一个地通过”。

(二)动词性短语

动词性短语的功能相当于动词,他们在句子中经常作谓语,有时充当主语、宾语。动词短语包括:述宾短语、连述短语、由动词作谓语的主谓短语、由动词作中心语的状中短语、由动词作述语的述补短

语、由动词作直接成分的联合短语。

(三)形容词性短语

形容词性短语的功能相当于形容词,他们在句子中经常充当谓语、定语、状语。形容词性短语包括:由动词作谓语的主谓短语、由形容词作中心语的状中短语、由形容词作述语的述补短语、由形容词作直接成分的联合短语。介词短语经常作状语,但也常作定语,例如“关于期中考试的问题”、“对问题的思考”等,因此也可以归到形容词性短语。

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短语结构类型

短语结构类型 短语是由词和词按一定的方式组合而成的。它主要有五种类型:并列短语、偏正短语、主谓短语、动宾短语、后补短语。 并列短语 由两个或两个以上的名词、动词或形容词组合而成,词与词之间是并列关系,中间常用顿号或“和、及、又、与、并”等连词。 常见的结构形式有: 名词+名词,如:文化教育今天或明天良师益友 动词+动词,如:调查研究愿意并实行团结互助团结和谐 形容词+形容词,如:光辉灿烂庄严肃穆万紫千红风和日丽 代词+代词,如:我和他这样那样 数量词+数量词,如:四面八方千秋万代半斤八两 并列短语一般前后可以互换位置,如:工厂、农村,我、你、他等。但有些并列短语是不能前后颠倒位置的,因为它有一定次序。如:春、夏、秋、冬(时间顺序),省、市、县(大小顺序),老、中、青(年龄顺序),继承和发展接近文学和爱好文学(逻辑顺序),男女老少金银铜铁油盐酱醋(语言习惯)等等。 偏正短语 由名词、动词或形容词与它们前面起修饰作用的词组合而成,即前面是修饰语,后面是中心语。 中心语是名词时,修饰限制成分是定语,用()表示,常常用“的” 字连接。

常见的结构形式有: 形容词+名词,如:美丽的花朵伟大的人民浩瀚的大海 数量词+名词,如:一杯水一位顾客三斤水果 名词+名词,如:学校的图书馆祖国大地烟台的苹果 代词+名词,如:大家的心情我的老师自己的心情 中心语是动词或形容词时,修饰语是状语,用〔〕表示,常常有“地”字。 常见的结构形式有: 形容词+动词,如:慢慢地走激动地演讲迅速地回答 副词+动词,如:完全相信十分思念突然发现 副词+形容词,如:非常美丽更加坚决相当迅速 主谓短语 由被陈述与陈述的两部分组合而成。被陈述的部分是主语,可以回答谓语“谁”、“什么”,一般由名词、名词性短语、代词等充当;陈述的部分是谓语,可以回答主语“怎么样”,一般由动词、形容词、动词性短语、形容词性短语充当。 常见的结构形式有: 名词+动词,如:会议结束蝴蝶飞舞菊花开放 代词+动词,如:自己说话谁同意我们回去 名词+形容词,如:花朵鲜艳斗志昂扬阳光灿烂 代词+形容词,如:你真美丽这里清静大家激动 另外,还有特殊主谓短语,即名词做谓语。

四年级动词短语汇总

四年级动词短语汇总(上册) turn turn turns left turns right turning turning turned turned go read goes straight on reads a book going reading went read take listen takes pictures listens to music taking listening took listened watch play watches TV plays with a toy train watching playing watched played

fly ride flies a kite rides a bike flying riding flew rode talk get talks to my friend gets on talking getting talked got play basketball do playes football does taijiquan playing table tennis doing played did row play rows a dragon boat plays chess rowing playing rowed played

drink draw drinks soya milk draws pictures drinking drawing drank drew make make makes noodles makes dumplings making making made made run jump runs fast jumps high running jumping ran jumped jump ride jumps far rides fast jumping riding jumped rode

英语语法基本知识——名词短语

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连词:that(无任何词意) whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性) as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”) 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.whichever,whomever 连接副词:when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词: 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较: whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代: 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有"or not" Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 二. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,whe re,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

形容词性短语

形容词性短语 1.be absent from 缺席 2.be accessible to (sb) 可到达的;可接近的,可使用的 3.be accustomed to doing 习惯于做某事 4.be ashamed of sth / to do sth. 对……羞愧,惭愧 5.be beneficial to (sth/sb) 对……有利 6.be capable of sth/ doing sth. 有能力做…… 7.be cautious about sth 对……谨慎 8.be concerned about/for 对……担心,忧虑,关心 9.be concerned with 对……感兴趣,与……有关 10.be conscious of (doing) sth 意识到,注意到 11.be consistent with 与……一致,相符 12.be crazy about 对……疯狂 13.be curious about sth 对……好奇 14.be desperate for sth. 极想,渴望 15.be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 热情,热心做某事 16.be free from/ of sth. 不受……伤害或影响/不含有害 物的 17.be fundamental to sth/ doing ……是基础的,根本的 18.be no good doing sth. 做……没有益处,用处 19.be hard on sb. 对某人苛刻 20.be independent of sb./ sth 独立,自主 21.be junior to (sb) (职位,级别)比……低 22.be keen to do / on doing sth 渴望,热切/ 对……着迷,有兴趣 23.be likely to do 很可能做…… 24.be nervous about/of sth 对……担忧的,焦虑的 25.It is obvious to sb. that ……明显的,显然的 26.be optimistic about sth. 对……乐观的 27.be particular about ……讲究,挑剔 28.be polite to sb 有礼貌的 29.be popular with sb. 受喜爱的,欢迎的 30.be pleased with sb./sth 高兴,满意,愉快 31.be positive about sth. 积极乐观的 32.It is possible to do 有可能的 33.be proud of sb/ to do sth. 对……自豪,得意的 34.be relevant to sb/sth. 与……相关 35.be responsible for……对……负责,有责任 36.be rich in 大量含有(或提供) 37.be ripe for sth. 时机成熟的,适宜的 38.be rude to do / about sth. 粗鲁的,无礼的 39.be skeptical about/ of sth. 对……怀疑的 40.be secondary to sth. 次要的,从属的 41.be senior to sb. 级别(地位)比某人高

(完整版)常见常用英语动词短语大全

常用英语动词短语大全 一、动词be 构成的短语动词 1.be known as/be famous as 作为 而闻名 be known for因.. 而出名 be known to 为... 所知 be known by 凭.. 而知 The hill is known for the temple .LuXun is known to us as a writer .One can be known by his words and deeds. 2. be married to 与.... 结婚 She is married to a musician . 3. be tired of/with 对 ..... 厌烦 He is tired of /with this kind of life. =He is bored with this kind of life 4. be terrified at 被.... 吓一跳 He is terrified at the snake . 5.be burdened with 负重 He is burdened with a heavy load The shop is crowded with people .7. be dressed in 穿着 She is dressed in red. 8. be experieneed in 对.. 有经验 He is experienced in mending bikes.9.be equipped with 装备 They are equipped with guns and food. 10.be furnished with 提供,布置 They are furnished with enough food. 11.be engaged in sth 从事,忙于(=be busy with sth) He has been engaged in writing novels. 12. be engaged to与 .. 订婚 13. be about to do sth .正要做... 1 was just about to go swimming My daughter is engaged to a niee

英语学习之名词短语

英语句子的核心组成部分——名词短语(noun phrase,简称NP)。从一开始就搞清楚名词短语的构造规则,对于今后的英语学习将是非常重要的。 一、名词短语the core element of a sentence 英语中,短语有很多类,比如动词短语(have been doing)、介词短语(for you)、名词短语(my best friend)等等。其中名词短语最为重要,它是英语造句中不可或缺的元素。 1、名词短语的功能 名词短语的简单定义:名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语。先来看几个简单的例子: ①These red roses are for you . 译:这些红玫瑰是送给你的。 名词短语these red roses在句中充当主语。 ②I have three close friend . 译:我有三个要好的朋友。 名词短语three close friend在句中充当宾语。 ③He is my best friend . 译:他是我最好的朋友。 名词短语my best friend在句中充当表语。 ④There are some red roses on that small table .

译:在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。 名词短语some red roses在句中充当主语; 名词短语that small table在句中充当介词on的宾语。 以上例句中的名词短语,都包含在英语句子和文章中。可以充当句子中的各个成分。 ※注意:英文中的介词不能单独使用,其后面必须接宾语,所接的宾语往往是名词短语(如例句4)。 the bird in the tree树上的那只小鸟 the map on the wall墙上的地图 the development of China中国的发展 the standard of living生活水平 the south side of the Changjiang river长江南岸 the way to the hotel去旅馆的路 the life in the future未来的生活 名词短语有如此重要的作用,那么这么重要的句子构成要素是怎样构成的呢?下面来详细总结它的构造规律。 2、名词短语的构造 名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。

高中英语---形容词及其短语作状语

形容词及其短语作状语英语中,用来作状语的,最常见的就是副词,有时候,形容词及其短语也可充当状语。形容词或形容词短语作状语,用来描述谓语动作,说明谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随的情况,也可表示让步和结果,有时前面可以加上某些从属连词,进一步表明状语的性质。形容词或形容词短语作状语时,大多用逗号与全句分开,位置可在句首、句中或句末。 1、时间: Don’t marry young. 不要早婚。 When seriously ill, my grandmother usually drank the Chinese medicine to the very last drop . 病得严重时,奶奶每次喝中药都是喝得一滴不剩。 There is no cure available for the disease and AIDS patients have to deal with the fact that they might die young. 这种病没有切实有效的治疗方法,爱滋病病人必须面对这个事实:他们可能年纪轻轻就会死去。 Learn young, learn fair.学习趁年轻,要学就学好。 Enthusiatic, they are quite co-operative. 热心的时候他们是很合作的。 2、原因: Hungry, she hurried to the kitchen. 她感到很饿,就匆匆地去了厨房。Eager for an immediate reply, he sent me another email. 渴望立刻得到答复,他又给我发了一封电子邮件。 Sad and unhappy, cold and wet ,Lear became mad. 悲伤不快,又湿又冷,利尔疯了。 Confused and a little concerned, the minister asked, “Carl, what are you doing?”牧师感到非常纳闷,于是略带一些关心地问道:“卡尔,你在干什么?”Overjoyed, she dashed out of the house. 他非常高兴,急步跑出屋子。Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia. 圣彼得堡的人民坚强、自豪、团结一致,他们是当代的俄罗斯英雄。Helpless, we watched our home destroyed before our eyes. 我们束手无策,只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。 Modest and easy to approach, he soon put everyone completely at ease. 他是那样谦虚、平易近人,很快使大家放松下来。

英语中名词短语和形容词短语的区别

一、用作名词的短语叫做名词短语,通常包含一个代词或是一个名词和限定词,限定词可以在名词前面,也可以在名词后面。在名词之前的限定词可以是冠词、物主代词、所有格名词、形容词或分词;在名词之后的限定词可以是介词短语,分词短语、形容词性从句或不定式,例如: My elder brother got married yesterday. 我哥哥昨天结婚了。 That big old house is for sale. 那幢大房子正在出售。 He was scared of the snarling dog. 他害怕那只咆哮的狗。 That fat old lady is the last remaining chief of their tribe. 那个胖老太太是他们部落剩下的最后一个首领。 He was the first Indian to receive an Olympic medal. 他是第一个获得奥运奖牌的印度人。 The boy with the long hair ran fast. 那个长头发的男孩跑得很快。 像名词一样,名词短语可以在从句作主语、宾语或补语。 二、用作形容词的短语叫形容词短语,它给我们一些关于它所修饰的名词的信息,例如: I found a very small kitten. 我发现一只很小的小猫。 The lecture was extremely boring. 这个讲座非常无聊。 She wore a reddish-brown dress. 她穿着一件红棕色的连衣裙。 Your offer sounds very tempting. 你的提议听起来很诱人。 三、两者的区别 名词短语以名词为中心,在句中作主语、宾语或补语,可以出现在句中的任何地方,而形容词短语以形容词为中心,只能放在名词之前或之后。

常见常用英语动词短语大全

常用英语动词短语大全 一、动词be构成的短语动词 1.be known as/be famous as作为……而闻名 be known for因……而出名 be known to为……所知 be known by凭……而知 The hill is known for the temple.LuXun is known to us as a writer.One can be known by his words and deeds. 2.be married to与……结婚 She is married to a musician... 3.be tired of/with对……厌烦 He is tired of/with this kind of life. =He is bored with this kind of life. 4.be terrified at被……吓一跳 He is terrified at the snake.5.be burdened with负重 He is burdened with a heavy load. 6.be crowded with挤满 The shop is crowded with people. 7.be dressed in穿着 She is dressed in red.8.be experienced in对……有经验He is experienced in mending bikes. 9.be equipped with装备

They are equipped with guns and food. 10.be furnished with提供,布置They are furnished with enough food. 11.be engaged in sth从事,忙于(=be busy with sth) He has been engaged in writing novels. 12.be engaged to与……订婚 My daughter is engaged to a nice doctor. 13.be about to do sth.正要做…… 1 was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and stopped me. 14.be fit to do/be fit for胜任;适合于 He is fit to do the work. These books are not fit for children. 15.be worth doing值得做…… The film is worth seeing again.16.be proud of以……而自影骄傲 I am proud of being a Chinese.17.be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于…… My grandpa is not used to living in the noisy city 18.be content to do sth./ with+n. …甘愿于干……;满足于…… I am content with your work this time. 19.be content with对……感到满意You should be content with what you have

名词及名词短语

名词及名词短语 可数名词复数变化规则: 几个外来词的复数:German--Germans;Roman--Romans; Norman-Normans;piano--pianos;photo-photos. 可数名词复数的不规则变化: 有生命名词的所有格: 无生命名词的所有格: 考点一:名词辨析 1.(1)accident“意外事件,偶发事件”,一般指(不幸的)事故,如车祸、天灾之类。a chapter of accidents一连串的意外事故;by accident意外地;a happy accident 侥幸;Accidents will happen在所难免。(2)incident多指较小的事件、小插曲或人生中所碰到的虽小但留下较深印象的平凡事情,也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件。Without incident,平安无事 (3)affair“事物,要事”,头绪繁多的事;恋爱事件。World affairs 世界大事;foreign affairs外交事务;state of affairs局势,事态;be sb`s affair使某人自己的事。 (4)business“事情”,主要用于一些习语中,常带有厌恶感。Business is business.公事公办.none of your own business/mind your own business,不管你的事,别多管闲事;get down to business,认真干某事;have no business doing/to do无权/不应该做某事;business as usual照常营业;be in business/go into business做生意,经商,办公司;be on business出差;business suit(办公室穿的)西装;

形容词(词组)、形容词的比较级和最高级

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名词短语做连词

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come true (希望、梦想等)实现,成为现实cut 短语 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到,消减 cut off 切断,切除 cut out 删除;删去;剪下 cut in 插嘴 fall短语 fall into 落入;陷入 fall behind 落后 fall down 摔倒,倒塌 fall off (从……上)掉下 fall asleep 入睡 fall over 绊倒;跌倒 get短语 get away 逃离 get back 返回 get down 下降 get on 上车 get off 下车 get over 克服

get up 起床;起来 get along/on with sb. 与某人相处 go短语 go away 走开;离开 go back 回去 go up 上升;增长 go out 出去;熄灭 go off(闹钟)发出响声 go over 仔细检查;复习 go through 通过 give短语 give away 赠送;分发 give back 还给;归还;恢复(健康等) give in 投降,屈服 give out 发出(气味、光线、声音、信号);分发give up 放弃 jump短语 jump into 跳入 jump over 跳过 jump off 跳离 leave短语

动词短语集锦

动词短语集锦 hold: hold up 支撑,耽搁,抢劫 hold back阻碍,控制(情感) hold on别挂(电话),支持下去 hold out坚持,伸出,提供 hold down控制,镇压 hold off延迟 go: go ahead继续向前 go though度过 go over复习 go up上升 go back to追溯到 go after追求 go against违背 go out熄灭 go by(时光)流逝 go in for爱好,从事 get: get off下班 get away with偷携某物逃跑,受到(惩罚)get through with完成 get on/along(with)进展 get over克服,战胜,爬过 get around传开 get through通过,打通(电话),用完 get across被理解 get back取回 get down降下 get down to开始认真做 keep: keep back隐瞒,扣留 keep off避开,不要踩 keep on继续 keep out挡住,使不进入 keep to遵守道德,坚持 keep out of不惹事,不牵涉进去 keep down压低,镇压,控制,压制 for keeps永远地,永久地 let: let off排放,饶恕,使爆炸 let out散会,泄露,发出(声音) let alone更不用说,别打扰 let down放下,使失望 let up停止,放松,减轻(疼痛)let sth. fall使跌下/无意中提及 tear: tear my heart使我伤心 in tear含着泪 tear down拆毁 burst into tears突然哭起来 leave: leave sb.(for)sth.遗/抛弃 leave go(of sth.)松/放手 leave sth.(for sb.)/(sb.)sth.递送/交,投递 leave it at that别再说了 leave aside不予考虑 leave off停止,中断 leave for动身去 leave ...alone不管/不理 leave sth. as it is听任…...自然发展 set: set about sb.攻击某人 set about…sth./doing sth.=start doing sth. set sb./sth.apart(from sb./sth/)使与某人不同,使突出 set sth. aside把……放一旁,省出/留出时间拔出,不顾 set sth.back使推迟,耽搁 set sb. down让某人下车 set sth. down写下,记下,制定 set off出发 set sth. off使爆炸,响起 set out出发 set sth. up建起,设立 put: put on one’s weight长胖 put up with忍受 put into practice付诸实施 put forward提出 put down放下,取缔,镇压,责难 put up举起,张贴,接待,为……提供食宿,提名,推举 put off推迟,延期 put out扑灭,生产,使生气 put away收拾起来,放回原处 put on穿上,装出,增加,表演,播放 put on airs摆架子 turn: turn around翻身 turn back往回走

名词短语

名词短语 英语句子的核心组成部分——名词短语(noun phrase,简称NP)。从一开始就搞清楚名词短语的构造规则,对于今后的英语学习将是非常重要的。 名词短语the core element of a sentence 英语中,短语有很多类,比如动词短语(have been doing)、介词短语(for you)、名词短语(my best friend)等等。其中名词短语最为重要,它是英语造句中不可或缺的元素。 ★名词短语的功能 名词短语的简单的定义:名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语。先来看几个简单的例子:○1.These red roses are for you. 名词短语these red roses在句中充当主语。 译:这些红玫瑰是送给你的。 ○2.I have three close friends. 名词短语three close friends在句中充当宾语。 译:我有三个要好的朋友。 ○3.He is my best friend. 名词短语my best friend在句中充当表语。 译:他是我最好的朋友。 ○4.There are some red roses on that small table. 名词短语some red roses在句中充当主语;名词短语that small table在句中充当介词on 的宾语。 译:在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。

以上例句中的名词短语,都包含在英语句子和文章中。可以充当句子中的各个成分。 ※注意:英文中的介词不能单独使用,其后面必须接宾语,所接的宾语往往是名词短语(如例句4)。 the bird in the tree 树上的那只小鸟 the map on the wall 墙上的地图 the development of China 中国的发展 the standard of living 生活水平 the south side of the Changjiang river 长江南岸 the way to the hotel 去旅馆的路 the life in the future 未来的生活 名词短语有如此重要的作用,那么这么重要的句子构成要素是怎样构成的呢?下面来详细总结它的构造规律。 ★名词短语的构造 名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。 名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系:一是放在被修饰名词的前面,叫做前置定语或定语;二是放在被修饰名词的后面,叫做后置定语。 一般来说,名词前面有两种修饰语。其一是限定词,用来限定名词所指的范围,对名词起泛指或特指、定量或不定量等的限定修饰作用。比如these,three,a,the,my等等。其二是形容词,用来表示名词的性质和特征。比如red,close,new,small等等。 ★在复杂的名词短语中,更常见的是后置修饰定语。包括定语从句、同位语从句、分词短语、不定式、介词短语、形容词短语和副词短语等等,而且还会有不同的后置定语复式的出现。看下面这组例子: The boy is my brother. The cute boy is my brother. The cute boy in blue jeans is my brother.

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