常见缩写

缩写1：A.D.

拉丁文：anno Domini

释义：in the year of the Lord 耶稣纪年，公元

例句：The United States Civil War began in AD 1861.

缩写2：a.m.

拉丁文：Ante Meridiem

释义：before middday 上午，午前

例句：We will meet the mayor at 10 a.m.

缩写3：c., ca.

拉丁文：circa

释义：around, about, approximately 大约

用法：用于日期中表示大概的数。

例句：The antique clock is from c.1900.

缩写4：Cap

拉丁文：capitulus

释义：chapter 章节

用法：用于英国及其前殖民地的法律章节前。

例句：Electronic Transactions Ordinance (Cap. 553).

缩写5：cf.

拉丁文：confer

释义："bring together" and hence "compare" 试比较

用法：提示读者比较所引用资料中的说法与文中的论述，与cp.可替换使用。

例句：These results were similar to those obtained using different techniques (cf. Wilson, 1999 and Ansmann, 1992).

缩写6：cp.

释义：compare 比较

例句：These results were similar to those obtained using different techniques (cp. Wilson, 1999 and Ansmann, 1992).

缩写7：C.V.

拉丁文：curriculum vitae

释义：course of life 简历

缩写8：etc.

拉丁文：et cetera

释义：and the others, and other things, and the rest 等等

例句：I need to go to the store and buy some pie, milk, cheese, etc.

缩写9：e.g.

拉丁文：exempli gratia

释义：for example, for instance 比如

例句：The shipping company instituted a surcharge on any items weighing over a ton; e.g., a car or truck.

缩写10：ff.

拉丁文：folio

释义：and following 以及接下去的

例句：see page 258ff.（参见第258页以及接下去的若干页）

缩写11：id.

拉丁文：idem

释义：the same (man) 同上

用法：用来避免（在引用、脚注、书目等处）重复某个男性作者的名字。如果是女性作者，用ead. (eadem)。

缩写12：i.a.

拉丁文：inter alia

释义：among other things 除了别的因素以外，特别

例句：Ernest Hemingway—author (i.a. 'The Sun Also Rises') and friend.

缩写13：i.e.

拉丁文：id est

释义：that is, in other words 即是

例句：For reasons not fully understood there is only a minor PSI contribution to the variable fluorescence emission of chloroplasts (Dau, 1994), i.e., the PSI fluorescence appears to be independent from the state of its reaction centre (Butler, 1978).

缩写14：lb.

拉丁文：libra

释义：scales 磅

缩写15：LL.B.

拉丁文：Legum Baccalaureus

　

　释义：bachelor of laws 法学士

缩写16：M.A.

拉丁文：Magister Artium

释义：Master of Arts 文科硕士

缩写17：N.B.

拉丁文：nota bene

释义：note well 注意，留心

例句：N.B.: All the measurements have an accuracy of withi 5% as they were calibrated according to the procedure described by Jackson (1989).

缩写18：op.cit.

拉丁文：opere citato

释义：the work cited 在前面所引用的书中

用法：通常用于参考文献中，同ibid相似，但是ibid通常会跟着页码。

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